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341. Gris, Juan
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Originally named Jose Victoriano Gonzalez, he adopted the pseudonym by which he is known after moving (1906) to Paris, where he lived as Picasso's friend and neighbor. Between 1907 and 1912 he watched closely the development of the cubist style and in 1912 exhibited his Homage to Picasso (collection of Mrs. and Mrs. Leigh Block, Chicago), which established his reputation as a painter of the first rank. He worked closely with Picasso and Braque until the outbreak of World War I, adapting what had been their intuitively generated innovations to his own methodical temperament.
342. Gros, Antoine-Jean
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In 1793 Gros went to Italy, where he met Napoleon and was appointed his official battle painter. He followed Napoleon on his campaigns, and his huge paintings such as The Battle of Eylau (Louvre, Paris, 1808) are among the most stirring images of the Napoleonic era. Compared to the contemporary war scenes of Goya, they are glamorous lies, but they are painted with such dramatic skill and panache that they cannot but be admired on their own terms.
343. Grunewald, Matthias
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The Isenheim Altarpiece was executed for the hospital chapel of Saint Anthony's Monastery in Isenheim in Alsace and is now at the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar, a nearby town. It is a carved shrine with two sets of folding wings and three works. The first, with the wings closed, is a Crucifixion showing a harrowingly detailed, twisted, and bloody figure of Christ on the cross in the center flanked, on the left, by the mourning Madonna being comforted by John the Apostle, and Mary Magdelene kneeling with hands clasped in prayer, and, on the right, by a standing John the Baptist pointing to the dying Savior. At the feet of the Baptist is a lamb holding a cross, symbol of the "Lamb of God" slaughtered for man's sins. The drama of the scene, symbolizing the divine and human natures of Christ, is heightened by the stark contrast between the vibrantly lit foreground and the dark sky and bleak landscape of low mountains in the background. When the outer wings are opened, three scenes of celebration are revealed: the Annunciation, the Angel Concert for Madonna and Child, and the Resurrection. Grьnewald's unsurpassed technique in painting colored light is epitomized in the figure of the rising Christ; his dramatic use of writhing forms in movement is also seen here in the figures of Christ, the arriving angel, and the Madonna.
344. Guillaumin, Jean-Baptiste Armand
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The longest surviving Impressionist, the most loyal, and probably the least known, Guillaumin was born in Paris of a family that had recently moved there from central France, where as a boy he spent much of his time. At the age of 15 he started working in his uncle's shop, whilst studying drawing in the evenings. In 1860 he obtained a job on the Paris-Orleans railway, continuing to paint in his spare time. In 1861 he entered the Acadйmie Suisse and met Cйzanne and Pissarro, with whom he was to remain on close terms for the rest of his life. They spent some time together at Pontoise, and Cйzanne was greatly impressed by a work of the Seine that Guillaumin painted in 1871 (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). At this time all three were frequent visitors to Gachet's house at Auvers, and it was there that Cйzanne did a portrait-etching Guillaumin. Cйzanne also copied a painting by him of the Seine at Bercy (1876-78; Kunsthalle, Hamburg).
345. H. G. Wells
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Though Tono-Bungay was not a science-fiction novel, radioactive decay plays a small but consequential role in it. Radioactive decay plays a much larger role in The World Set Free (1914). This book contains what is surely his biggest prophetic "hit." Scientists of the day were well aware that the natural decay of radium releases energy at a slow rate over thousands of years. The rate of release is too slow to have practical utility, but the total amount released is huge. Wells's novel revolves around an (unspecified) invention that accelerates the process of radioactive decay, producing bombs that explode with no more than the force of ordinary high explosive but which "continue to explode" for days on end. "Nothing could have been more obvious to the people of the earlier twentieth century," he wrote, "than the rapidity with which war was becoming impossible... [but] they did not see it until the atomic bombs burst in their fumbling hands." Leó Szilárd acknowledged that the book inspired him to theorise the nuclear chain reaction.[12]
346. Hals, Frans
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His reputation did not long outlive him, however, and with rare exceptions -- Reynolds was one of them -- few critics before 1850 praised him. It was only in the second half of the 19th century that there was a renewed appreciation of his genius. The spontaneity of his work appealed to the generation of the Impressionists, and from about 1870 to about 1920 he was one of the most popular of the Old Masters, becoming a model for society portraitists. Lord Hertford's purchase of his most famous work, The Laughing Cavalier (Wallace Collection, London, 1624), for the then enormous sum of 51,000 francs in 1865, was a milestone in the revival of his fortunes, and the buoyant confidence of his paintings later made him a particular favorite with the new generation of fabulously rich American collectors -- self-made men -- who were beginning to dominate the picture market. This explains why so many works by him are in American collections.
347. Happy New Year
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In Europe traditions vary considerably, but most of them involve a meal or special food. Swiss housewives bake special bread, rich in butter, eggs and raisins. They also cook roast goose. Children go from house to house greeting the occupants and receiving invitations to come inside. People in Italy hold all-night parties, where salt pork lentils are included on the menu. Lentils are supposed to be lucky and bring money - perhaps because they look like small piles of gold coins. There is a practical reason for meals featuring in these new year festivities. Most people stay up all night, or at least until midnight to "see the New Year in", so sustenance is essential. Also there is common superstition that if the new year begins well it will continue like that.
348. Harry Potter: Films, Books etc
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The books Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) Story time: 1981, 1991 to 1992 Release: 26 June 1997 (UK); 1 September 1998 (US) US sales: 17 Million. Hardcover 6.1 million, Paperback 10.9 million Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Story time: 1943, 1992 to 1993 Release: 2 July 1998 (UK); 2 June 1999 (US) US sales: 14.7 million. Hardcover 7.3 million, Paperback 7.5 million Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Story time: 1993 to 1994 Release: 8 July 1999 (UK); 8 September 1999 (US) US sales: 12.8 million. Hardcover 7.6 million, Paperback 5.2 million Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Story time: 1944, 1994 to 1995 Release: 8 July 2000 (UK/US) US sales: 12.3 million. Hardcover 8.9 million, Paperback 3.4 million Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Story time: 1976, 1995 to 1996 Release: 21 June 2003 (UK/US) US sales: 13.7 million. Hardcover 12.2 million, Paperback 1.5 million. 5 million in first 24 hours, initial printing 8.5 million copies. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Story time:1926, 1960, 1970, 1996 to 1997 Release: 16 July 2005 (UK/US) US Sales: 20 million. 7 million in 24 hours, initial printing 10.8 million copies. Title unknown Story time: 1997 to ???? (possibly 1998) Release: unannounced date (probably worldwide) As of 1 January 2006, over three hundred million (300,000,000) copies of Harry Potter books have been sold worldwide.
349. Harry S Truman
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Thus far, he had followed his predecessor's policies, but he soon developed his own. He presented to Congress a 21-point program, proposing the expansion of Social Security, a full-employment program, a permanent Fair Employment Practices Act, and public housing and slum clearance. The program, Truman wrote, "symbolizes for me my assumption of the office of President in my own right." It became known as the Fair Deal.
350. Haushaltsberatungen
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Das Schwergewicht der AusschuЯarbeit liegt beim HaushaltsausschuЯ, der den Etat in alien Einzelheiten unter den Gesichtspunkten von Sparsamkeit und politischer ZweckmдЯigkeit prьft. Durch Zustimmung, Kьrzen oder Streichen von Positionen kann der HaushaltsausschuЯ die Politik der Regierung beeinflussen. Bei alien Дnderungen am Haushaltsentwurf muЯ der AusschuЯ darauf achten, daЯ der Etat den rechtlichen Verpflichtungen entspricht, Einnahmen und Ausgaben ausgeglichen sind - wie es das Grundgesetz vorschreibt.
351. Health
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When we are ill, we call a doctor, and he examines us and diagnoses the illness. When we have a headache, a stomach ache, a sore throat, a cold, or a pain in some parts of the body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse. He examines our heart, our lungs, our stomach or the part where we have pain, and tells us what the matter is with us. The doctor prescribes medicine, and gives us a prescription, which we take to the chemist's, who makes up the medicine.
352. Heavy Metals
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Average daily lead intake for adults in the UK is estimated at 1.6µg from air, 20µg from drinking water and 28µg from food. Although most people receive the bulk of their lead intake from food, in specific populations other sources may be more important, such as water in areas with lead piping and plumbosolvent water, air near point of source emissions, soil, dust, paint flakes in old houses or contaminated land. Lead in the air contributes to lead levels in food through deposition of dust and rain containing the metal, on crops and the soil. For the majority of people in the UK, however, dietary lead exposure is well below the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation and the World Health Organisation.
353. Heian Art
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The Ho-o-do (Phoenix Hall, completed 1053) of the Byodoin, a temple in Uji to the southeast of Kyoto, is the exemplar of Fujiwara Amida halls. It consists of a main rectangular structure flanked by two L-shaped wing corridors and a tail corridor, set at the edge of a large artificial pond. Inside, a single golden image of Amida (circa 1053) is installed on a high platform. The Amida sculpture was executed by Jocho, who used a new canon of proportions and a new technique (yosegi), in which multiple pieces of wood are carved out like shells and joined from the inside. Applied to the walls of the hall are small relief carvings of celestials, the host believed to have accompanied Amida when he descended from the Western Paradise to gather the souls of believers at the moment of death and transport them in lotus blossoms to Paradise. Raigo (Descent of the Amida Buddha) paintings on the wooden doors of the Ho-o-do are an early example of Yamato-e, Japanese-style painting, because they contain representations of the scenery around Kyoto.
354. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Most Popular Poet of the Nineteenth Century
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In 1834, Longfellow was appointed a professorship at Harvard. From 1836 to 1854, Longfellow served as Smith Professor of Modern Languages. He returned to Europe for a year to study German, and his first wife, Mary Storer Potter, accompanied him. Between appointments and meetings (he had letters of introduction to influential people), Longfellow walked the countries of Denmark, England, Germany, Holland, Sweden and Switzerland. Drawing upon his love of music, he played his silver flute to make people feel at ease with him. He enjoyed meeting people no matter what they did for a living or their place in society. In 1835, tragedy occurred when his wife, Mary, died in Rotterdam. Later, Longfellow returned to Cambridge where he boarded at Craigie House (once headquarters to George Washington). In 1839, Longfellow published his first book of poems, Voices of the Night. He felt that teaching interfered with his writing and resigned from Harvard in 1854. In June of that year he started writing The Song of Hiawatha.
355. Hepatitis A Prevention
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Who is at risk for hepatitis A?
- Persons who share a household or have sex contact with someone who has the hepatitis A
- Travelers to countries where hepatitis A is common and where clean water and proper sewage disposal are not available
- Men who have sex with men
- Persons who use street drugs
- Children and employees in child care centers (especially centers that have children in diapers) where a child or employee has hepatitis A
- Residents and staff of institutions for developmentally disabled persons when a resident or employee has hepatitis A
- Workers who handle HAV-infected animals or work with HAV in a research laboratory setting. (This does not include laboratories doing routine testing.)
- Persons with clotting factor disorders who receive clotting factor concentrates
356. Herodotos
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As such, his Histories give us a fair insight into how the Ancient Egyptians worked their own history. Thus he confirms the Ancient Egyptian tradition which names Menes as their first king. He also states that this Menes was the founder of the city of Memphis, which is probably a reflection of the chauvinism of the Memphite priests who were his main source of information.
357. High education in Great Britain
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After three or four years the students will take their finals. Those who pass examinations successfully are given the Bachelors degree: Bachelor of Arts for History or Bachelor of Science. The first postgraduate degree is Master of Arts, Master of Science. Doctor of Philosophy is the highest degree. It is given for some original research work which is an important contribution to knowledge. Open Days are a chance for applicants to see the university, meet students and ask questions. All this will help you decide whether you have made the right choice.
358. Higher Education in the USA
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Множество университетов и колледжей, как бесплатных, так и частных, получили репутацию за предложение особенно спорных курсов, и за обеспечение их студентов более высоким качеством образования. Вообще подавляющее большинство их расценивается весьма удовлетворительно. Некоторые другие учреждения, наоборот, обеспечивают только достаточное образование, их студенты посещают занятия, сдают экзамены и оканчивают как просто компетентные специалисты, но не как выдающиеся ученые и профессионалы. Факторами, определяющими является ли учреждение одним из лучших, или одним из менее престижных, являются: качество обучения факультетов, качество оборудования для исследований, уровень финансирования библиотек, специальных программ, и т.д., а также компетентность и число претендентов на прием, то есть насколько данное учреждение свободно в выборе студентов. Все эти факторы дополняют друг друга. Вообще в Соединенных Штатах признано, что есть более и менее предпочтительные учреждения для обучения и получения высшего образования. Более предпочтительные учреждения обычно, но не всегда, являются более дорогостоящими, и окончание одного из них может принести значительные преимущества, поскольку каждый человек ищет возможность занятости и социальную подвижность в пределах общества. Конкурс на поступление в такой колледж побуждает миллионы старшеклассников сдавать SAT каждый год. Но недавно акцент на вступительных экзаменах широко критиковался в Соединенных Штатах, потому что экзамены позволяют определить компетентность в математике и английском языке. В защиту использования экзаменов как критериев при поступлении, руководители многих университетов говорят, что использование SAT позволяет справедливо решить, кого принять, когда имеется 10 или 12 претендентов на одно место.
359. Hight medical course
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The third through fifth years are called the Senior Course. During the third year students study pathology, pharmacology general surgery and surgical anatomy. In the latter, students learn to perform three basic operations - appendectomy, tracheotomy, and correction for ectcopic pregnancy - on cadavers .In the 4 year long course of propedentical of eliciting them diagnosis, and theoretical aspects of pathology. The course also includes subjects such as physician's ethics and deontology. The latter is concerned with how and when to communicate critical information to patients. Clinical practice is begun during the Senior Course Croups of 10 or fewer students accompany a professor examining patients. Students gather anamnesis, perform physical examination, observe instrumental diagnostic procedures and treatment, and analyze laboratory data under their professors supervision. Students are evaluated by their ability to write a case history, to logically construct a diagnosis and by oral examination.
360. Hillary Rodham Clinton
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As the nation's First Lady, Hillary continued to balance public service with private life. Her active role began in 1993 when the President asked her to chair the Task Force on National Health Care Reform. She continued to be a leading advocate for expanding health insurance coverage, ensuring children are properly immunized, and raising public awareness of health issues. She wrote a weekly newspaper column entitled "Talking It Over," which focused on her experiences as First Lady and her observations of women, children, and families she has met around the world. Her 1996 book It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us was a best seller, and she received a Grammy Award for her recording of it.

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