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361. Hiroshige, Ando
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Ando Hiroshige was born in Edo (now Tokyo) and at first, like his father, was a fire warden. The prints of Hokusai are said to have first kindled in him the desire to become an artist, and he entered the studio of Utagawa Toyohiro, a renowned painter, as an apprentice. In 1812 Hiroshige took his teacher's name (a sign of graduation), signing his work Utagawa Hiroshige. His career falls roughly into three periods. From 1811 to about 1830 he created prints of traditional subjects such as young women and actors. During the next 15 years he won fame as a landscape artist, reaching a peak of success and achievement in 1833 when his masterpiece, the print series Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido (scenes on the highway connecting Edo and Kyoto), was published. He maintained this high level of craftmanship in other travel series, including Celebrated Places in Japan and Sixty-nine Stations on the Kiso Highway. The work he did during the third period, the last years of his life, is sometimes of lesser quality, as he appears to have hurriedly met the demands of popularity. He died of cholera on October 12, 1858, in Edo.
362. Historical Background of the Middle English Period
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One might have expected that the triumph of English would lead to weakening of the French influence upon English. In reality, however, the impact of French became more apparent. As seen from the surviving written texts, French loan-words multiplied at the very time when English became a medium of general communication. The large-scale influx of French loads can be attributed to several causes. It is probably that many French words had been in current use for quite a long time before they were first recorded. As it was aforementioned records in Early M.E. were scare and came mostly from the Northern and Western regions, which were least affected by French influence. Later M.N. texts were produced in London and in the neighboring areas, with a mixed and largely bilingual population. In numerous translation from French which became necessary when the French language was going out of use-many loan-words were employed for the sake of greater precision, for want of a suitable native equivalent or due to the translators inefficiency. It is also important that in the course of the 14th c. the local dialects were brought into closer contact; they intermixed and influenced one another: therefore the infiltration of French borrowings into all the local and social varieties of English progressed more rapidly.
363. History of Andorra
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Tradition holds that Charles the Great (Charlemagne) granted a charter to Andorran people in return for fighting against the Moors. Overlordship of the territory passed to the local count of Urgell and eventually to the bishop of the diocese of Urgell. The Bishop then handed over the territory to the Lord of Caboet. The Caboet family married into the family of the French Count of Foix and through this marriage, the Count inherited all of the Spanish lord's land, including Andorra. In the eleventh century a dispute arose between the bishop and his northern neighbour over Andorra.
364. History of Belarus
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Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences.[23] This policy involved sending Russians from various parts of the Soviet Union and placing them in key positions in the Byelorussian SSR government. The official use of the Belarusian language and other cultural aspects were limited by Moscow. After Stalin died in 1953, successor Nikita Khrushchev continued this program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism".[23] When Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began pushing through his reform plan, the Belarusian people delivered a petition to him in December 1986 explaining the loss of their culture. Earlier that year, Byelorussian SSR was exposed to nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant in neighboring Ukrainian SSR.[25] In June 1988 at the rural site of Kurapaty near Minsk, archaeologist Zianon Pazniak, the leader of Christian Conservative Party of the BPF, discovered mass graves which contained about 250,000 bodies of victims executed in 1937-1941.[25] Some nationalists contend that this discovery is proof that the Soviet government was trying to erase the Belarusian people, causing Belarusian nationalists to seek independence.[26]
365. History of democracy of the USA
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Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-loved and most respected of America's presidents, said that the US had a government “of the people, by the people and for the people”. He called the United Slates "a nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." No one has formulated a better way of describing the principles of the American political system, as Americans understand it. The Constitution, laws and traditions of the United States give the people the right to determine who will be the leader of their nation, who will make the laws and what the laws will be. The people have the power to change the system. The Constitution guarantees individual freedom to all.
366. History of San Marino
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During the early phase of the Italian unification process of the 19th century, San Marino served as a haven of refuge for numerous persons who were persecuted because of their support for the unification. In memory of this support, Giuseppe Garibaldi accepted the wish of San Marino not to be incorporated into the new Italian state. Napoleon III refused to take the country. He commented, "Why? It's a model republic!"
367. Hobbies
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Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste - you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Hobbies are divided into four large classes : doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to traveling and from chess to volleyball. Gardening is one of the oldest mans hobbies. It is well-know fact that the English are very found of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses. Both grown-ups and children are found of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular. Making thing includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts and others. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments.
368. Hobby (Travelling)
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People on our planet cant live without travel now. Tourism has become a highly developed business. There are express trains, cars and jet-air liners all of that provide you with comfort and security. What choose to make? Its up to you to decide. There is a great varieties of choose available for you. If you travel for pleasure you would like by all means to enjoy picturesque places you are passing through, you would like seeing the places of interest, enjoying to sight seeing of the cities, towns and countries. You will have a good opportunity to enjoy wonderful monuments of cultural and historical places to learn a lot about the history of your country, about the world around us, to visit different countries, to meet people of different nationalities, to learn a lot about their traditions, costumes, culture. In other words you will broaden your mind. Nowadays people travel not only for pleasure but also on business to home and international business is developing. You have to go to other countries to take part in different negotiators, to sigh contacts, to participate in different exhibitions, in order to exhibit the goods of your firm or company. Travelling on business helps you to get more information about achievements of other companies, which will make your own business more successful. There are a lot of means of travelling by sea, by plane, by car, on foot: tastes differ. That is why it is up to you to decide which means of travelling you would prefer. No wonder one of the latest means of travelling is travelling by plane. It combines comfort and speed and you will reach the place of destination very quickly. Before bordering the plane you must register at the airport. You are required to have your baggage weighed. Each passenger is allowed 20 kilograms of baggage free of charge. But if your baggage is heavier you must pay an extra charge. Before the plane takes off the stewardess gives you all the information about the flight the speed and altitude. She asks you to fasten the felts and not to smoke. She will take care of you during the flight and will help you to get comfortable, in your seat. Inside the cabins the air is always fresh and warm. During the flight you can take a nap or a chat, you can, you can read and relax. In some plains you can watch video or listen to the music. When the plane is landing or taking off you have an opportunity to enjoy the wonderful scenery, the magnificent works or pictures and landscapes. While travelling by plane you fly past varies, villages, cities and towns at the sight of which realize how majestic and tremendous is our planet. You enjoy the nature in the riches its splendor. No doubt travelling by air is the most convenient, comfortable and the quietest means of travelling. But there are some disadvantages. If you are airsick the flight may seam a real farther to you. Unfortunately sometimes the flights are delayed because of our unfavorable weather conditions, and one inconvenient more it is the jet-lag, a different between the time you are accustomed to attend the new time.
369. Holbein, Hans the Younger
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Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543). Born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Hans received his first lessons in art from his father. In 1515 the younger Holbein went to Basel, Switzerland, with his brother, Ambrosius. Among the many scholars living in Basel at that time was the famous Dutch humanist Erasmus, who befriended the young artist and asked him to illustrate his satire, Encomium Moriae (The Praise of Folly). Holbein also illustrated other books, including Martin Luther's German translation of the Bible. In addition he painted pictures and portraits and, like his father, designed stained-glass windows. He also created designs for a series of 41 woodcuts called The Dance of Death.
370. Holiday in Russia
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The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, the Soviet Army and its allies completely defeated the German fascists and the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War ended. This year we celebrated the 54th anniversary(ãîäîâùèíà) of this great event. A magnificent memorial on Poklonnaya Gora has been built to commemorate the Victory. Many veterans took part in the military parade and laid wreaths on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All stood in silence for a minute. Radio and television broadcast popular war songs all day long. A lot of guests from different countries of the world came to Moscow to participate in the celebrations.
371. HOLIDAY New Year
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Most of all I like New Year holidays. Because New Year is a holiday for everyone. People all over the world welcome the New Year at one moment, thats why I think its the most uniting holiday in the world, because in this moment every person can say that he loves everyone. It is truly international holiday. All around the world people celebrate Christmas Holidays, but in Russia we have very few people who truly believe in G-d after 70 years of communism. My last New Year holidays were very nice. Id spent it with my girlfriend and our friends in a country-house in Roshino. We played snowballs all the day long and in the evening everybody began to do his part of preparation work for the celebration. We made a lot of salads, especially “Olivie salad”, my favorite, fry chicken legs with potato. And even it was in a country, at the evening every boy was in a suit and every girl in a beautiful dress. Behind the house was a New Year tree glittering in colored lights and decorations. Some of my friends were waiting for Father Frost to come and give them a present, but I think that they just had drunk too much champagne. Many people consider a New Year to be a family holiday. But most of the young prefer to spend the New Year there own parties. As for me next time I prefer to meet the New Year with my family, because I meet these New Years last times with my friends. I must spend as much time as possible with my family because maybe, in some years, Ill have to leave them to begin my own life and those holidays may be the last.
372. Holidays
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I think I can describe myself as a home-sitting person - Id usually prefer staying at home near the TV set in an armchair than going on a cruise, or hiking, or whatever. But, after I tried jet-ski and windsurfing this summer I have changed my point of work at the holidays. To enjoy the speed of jetski is much more exciting rather than to take a sunbath!
373. Holidays and traditions in english-speaking countries
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One of the most important functions of the Citys eighty-four Livery Companies is the election of London's Lord Mayor at the Guildhall at 12 noon on Michaelmas Day (September 29th). The public are admitted to the ceremony. It provides one of the many impressive and colourful spectacles for which London is famed. The reigning Lord Мауоr and Sheriffs, carrying posies, walk in procession to the Guildhall and take their places on the dais, which is strewn with sweet-smelling herbs. The Recorder announces that the representatives of the Livery Companies have been called together to select two Aldermen for the office of Lord Мауоr of London. From the selected two, the Court of Aldermen will choose one. The Мауоr, Aldermen and other senior officials then withdraw, and the Livery select their two nominations. Usually the choice is unanimous, and the Liverymen all hold up their hands and shout “All!”. The Sergeant-at-Arms takes the mace from the table and, accompanied by the Sheriffs, takes the two names to the Court of Aldermen, who then proceed to select the Mayor Elect. The bells of the City ring out as the Мауоr and the Mayor Elect leave the Guildhall the state coach for the Mansion House.
374. Holidays in Great Britain
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The most popular holiday is Xmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London the present. It is a big Xmas tree and it stands in Trufalger square. Central streets are beautifully decorated. Before Xmas groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols traditional Xmas songs. Many churches hold a carol serves on the Sunday before Xmas.
375. Holidays in Russia, Britain and the USA
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- Feasts and festivals vary greatly in type. Some of them are religious in character; others have flourished in modern civilisations. Secular modern festivals are often mixed with previous religious festivals. Christmas is the most important religious holiday for Christians. They attend special church services to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. On this day most banks and offices are closed and the workers including government employees have the day off. May Day is a springtime fertility festival that can be traced back to the Great Mother festival of Greco-Roman times. It has become a festival of the labouring class of the world. At the same time May Day commemorates the suppression of the workers in Chicago on May 1, 1886, who were struggling for an eight-hour working day. In 1889 American Labour Unions decided to hold such demonstrations everywhere. This social festival is observed in different countries. St. Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14. It is not an official holiday, but people in many countries celebrate it in a very special manner. They send greeting cards to the people they love. Such cards are called "Valentines". This day is named after a Christian martyr, whose feast day is observed on that day. It is held that Valentine before his execution sent a message of friendship to his prison warden's blind daughter. Nowadays New Year is celebrated at midnight on 31st in many countries. Although certain countries calculate time by other calendars, most countries number their years according to the Gregorian calendar introduced in the 16-th century by Pope Gregory XIII. Although certain countries follow their national calendar, they always remember January 1. New Year's Day is a cultural festival. Bells ring out around the world to welcome New Year.
376. Holidays, Travel and Tourism
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My travel experience would begin in New York, known as one of the world's most modern cities because of its high buildings and its dynamic spirit. From New York I would cross the Atlantic Ocean to England. In London I would explore the British Museum and visit the shops and pubs along King's Road in Chelsea. My next stop would be Amsterdam, an attractive city because of its steep narrow houses and canals lined with trees. Flying on to Copenhagen I would eat Danish open-faced sandwiches and be entertained at night clubs in Tivoli Gardens. Having seen enough cities by this time I would head South to the Italian Riviera. Portofino, a handsome fishing village resembling an opera setting, is one of the most charming vacations sports in Europe. Of course, a serious traveler could not leave Italy without visiting Florence, Venice, Naples and Rome, for all these cities are living museums. Continuing South, I would trace the beginning of Western civilization. I would make stops in Athens and Cario. Certainly a chance to see the pyramids should not be missed. Next, I would fly east to visit the shimmering island of Ceylon. Here, the traveler finds many precious gems for sale, but the brightest jewel of all is Ceylon itself. Leaving this island I would travel to Bangkok, an Oriental city of many charms. Then, like mane other travelers, I would be drawn to Hong Kong, the shopper's paradise.
377. Home Recording или этапы большого пути
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Всеобщая капитализация отношений неизбежно затронула и музыкальную сферу. То, для чего раньше требовался талант, трудолюбие, оригинальность и немного везения, остальное делал никем не управляемый и ничем не регламентируемый подпольный "магиздат", сейчас имеет конкретные расценки в твердой валюте. Музыка стала элементом шоу-бизнеса, монопольное положение в котором занимает ряд столичных продюсерских центров, которые и зарабатывают на нем баснословные деньги. В результате мы можем наблюдать безрадостную картину. На радио и телевидении мелькают одни и те же персонажи, продюсируемые упомянутыми центрами, для которых пишут песни одни и те же шоу-ремесленники композиторы и поэты-песенники. В качестве молодых дарований выступают невесть откуда взявшиеся мальчики и девочки с кошачьими кличками вместо имен, которые ничего не умеют, кроме выпендрежа и открывания рта под фанеру, записанную теми же ремесленниками. Где и по каким критериям отбирают этих кандидатов в звезды российского шоу-бизнеса упомянутые продюсеры, известно только Богу, да им самим. Прилавки магазинов завалены аудиопродукцией тех же поп-идолов, выпущенных теми же шоу-бизнесменами. Русский рок, являвшийся духовным стержнем поколений семидесятых-восьмидесятых годов в 90-х вообще перестал существовать, как явление и ушел в еще большее подполье, чем при социализме. Между тем, наша рок-музыка, при общей музыкальной вторичности, выгодно отличалась от западных образцов тем, что была более смысловой, социальной, заставляла думать и сопереживать. Наши новоявленные шоу-бизнесмены сделали то, чего так и не смогли добиться коммунистические идеологи отечественная популярная музыка перестала быть авторской, самобытной, народной по своему происхождению и стала глупенько-беспроблемной, чисто развлекательной, не лишенной, правда, профессионального лоска этаким фирменным средством для промывания мозгов. Попсой проще говоря. Герои рок-н-ролла 80-х тихо отошли в тень и почивают на лаврах. Кто-то эмигрировал, кто-то занялся международным туризмом или кулинарией, кто-то перешел в иное измерение, объявив себя "виртуальной группой", и лишь некоторые продолжают играть старый добрый рок, одиноко возвышаясь среди моря буйно цветущей попсы, напоминая памятники самим себе. Устояли против этого натиска безликости одни лишь барды. Действительно - авторскую песню на поток не поставишь.
378. Hopper, Edward
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Edward Hopper has something of the lonely gravity peculiar to Thomas Eakins, a courageous fidelity to life as he feels it to be. He also shares Winslow Homer's power to recall the feel of things. For Hopper, this feel is insistently low-key and ruminative. He shows the modern world unflinchingly; even its gaieties are gently mournful, echoing the disillusionment that swept across the country after the start of the Great Depression in 1929. Cape Cod Evening (1939; 77 x 102 cm (30 1/4 x 40 in)) should be idyllic, and in a way it is. The couple enjoy the evening sunshine outside their home, yet they are a couple only technically and the enjoyment is wholly passive as both are isolated and introspective in their reveries. Their house is closed to intimacy, the door firmly shut and the windows covered. The dog is the only alert creature, but even it turns away from the house. The thick, sinister trees tap on the window panes, but there will be no answer.
379. How did I spend last summer?
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But the last summer wasnt for me only sugar and honey. I have passed through the graduating exams in school and entering exams in the university and technical university. So the bigger part of my summer vocations I spent at the books. Of course, it was not interesting, but Im glad that I did it because now Im a student of the best university in Primorye and the whole Far-East.
380. HOW DNA TESTING WORKS (Анализ ДНК как проверяющие работы)
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Неадекватное совещание: Вне некомпетентных адвокатов, кто населяют, любая назначенная судом система, Конгресс и администрация Клинтона поместила национальных 3,600 сожителей(сожительниц) камеры смертников в агонию, ловят(поймают) -22. Согласно Американскому Проекту Представления Смертной казни Ассоциации юристов, в государстве(состоянии) подобно Калифорнии, приблизительно третья часть(треть) сожителей(сожительниц) камеры смертников должен ждать в течение лет, которые будут назначены адвокаты, чтобы обратиться с их государственными прямыми обращениями. И на уровне постосуждений(постубеждения) в некоторых наборах, сожители(сожительницы) не имеют доступ адвокатам вообще. Ловящийся(пойманный) isdiatdie 1996 И -терроризм и Эффективный Deatii Акт Штрафа имеют устав ограничений, требующих diat файл сожителей(сожительниц), федеральный habeas corpus ходатайства (просьбы о федеральном обзоре суда) в пределах одного года после умирают конец их прямого государственного обращения(привлекательности). Другими словами, потому что они не имеют никакого адвоката после того, как их прямые обращения, сожители(сожительницы) часто беспомощно наблюдают, умирают, часы заканчиваются на их шансе для федерального обзора. Это сокращает на фривольных обращениях - но также и на, которые могли показать несправедливость брутто.

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