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12.1. Найдите в тексте перевод следующих слов и выражений:
- военные кампании;
- военно-морская наука;
- свергать кого-либо;
- войти в правление;
- во время правления Петра;
- великая Европейская держава;
- создать речной флот;
- ознакомиться с;
- сопровождать дипломатическую миссию;
- вводить реформы.
12.2. Найдите синонимы к данным словам в тексте:
- destruction;
- well-being;
- to make safe;
- to escort;
- to seize;
- to invent;
- to persuade;
- to announce;
- to change;
- a private teacher.
12.3. Найдите антонимы к данным словам в тексте:
- to release;
- to oust;
- to restore;
- to disappear;
- to destroy;
- to release;
- to desert;
- to deter.
12.4. После ознакомления с текстом, согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими утверждениями (True / False Statements):
- In early childhood Peter was taught by Famous French and English teachers.
- During Peter’s reign Russia enlarged as a great European power.
- During Peter’s reign the Russian alphabet was simplified, Arabic numerals were introduced, the first newspaper in Russian language was published.
- During his travel Peter induced about 900 artisans, craftsmen, technical advisers and other experts to emigrate from Russia.
- Under the regency of his sister Sophia, Peter shared the throne with his younger brother Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689).
- Peter was proclaimed emperor in 1721 and thus established the Russian Empire.
- In 1698 Peter returned to Moscow. He was determined to gain control of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, he began military preparations for an attack on Sweden.
- Peter the Great was an outstanding historical figure.
12.5. Прочитайте текст. Переведите слова и выражения в скобках:
Peter …1…(был весьма привлечен) by the culture of Western Europe, particularly that of Prussia, and to the …2…(кораблестроение) of England. In 1697 he led a technical and …3…(дипломатическая миссия) to the West; he …4… (отсутствовал) from Russia for 18 months. Peter attempted, by decrees and …5…(насильственные реформы), to transform the traditional society of Moscow into a Western one and to make Russia …6…(супердержава) in Europe. He decreed the reorganization of the Russian …7…(армии и военно-морского флота), government, and society along Western lines. By direct orders, he …8…(поощрял) the development of Russian …9…(промышленность и торговля), technical training, education, and the sciences. Moreover, during his reign Russia began a series of great territorial acquisitions. Peter's greatest …10…(военные кампании) were in the west, and his principal conflict, the Great Northern War (1700-1721), was with …11…(самый сильный) Baltic power of the time, Sweden. Control of the Baltic Sea was necessary for …12…(создание) of a great navy and …13…(расширение) of Russian foreign trade. Peter's forces were badly defeated by the Swedes at Narva (now in Estonia) in 1700. The Swedes, however, did not pursue …14…(русские), thus enabling Peter to reorganize his forces and attack Swedish bases in Livonia. In 1703 Peter began construction, …15…(ценой многих жизней) lives under …16…(тяжелые рабочие условия), of his new and resplendent capital city of St Petersburg on …17…(заболоченные территории) taken from Sweden; the government moved there from Moscow in 1714. The Russian army crushed the Swedes at Poltava, in 1709, and Russia gained supremacy in the Baltic. By the terms of the …18…(Договор) of Nystad (August 30, 1721), Russia acquired Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, part of Karelia, and several Baltic islands. With Russian …19…(влиянием) in northern Europe, the Byzantine conception of the tsar was exchanged for the Latin conception and …20…(титул императора); when Peter was …21…(была официально провозглашена) emperor in 1721, …22… (Московское царство)became the Russian Empire.
12.6. Совместите определение из левой колонки со словом из правой колонки:
- conviction;
| - to make safe or fast;
|
- to simplify;
| - to subvert;
|
- welfare;
| - to place in office, to induce;
|
- to reckon;
| - to consider, to rate,
|
- to overthow;
| - persuasive force;
|
- to install;
| - to bring into existence;
|
- to reign;
| - well-being;
|
- to emerge;
| - to rule;
|
- to create;
| - to come out into view;
|
- to secure.
| - to reduce to basic essentials.
|