Г. В. Плеханова английский язык учебно-методическое пособие

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10.11. Переведите текст с русского на английский язык
11. Saint Petersburg(Санкт-Петербург)
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10.11. Переведите текст с русского на английский язык:


С давних времен театральные представления были любимы и обожаемы дворянами и простыми людьми. "Весь мир – театр, а люди в нем актеры" – эти слова великого Шекспира, вероятно, объясняют наше желание быть поклонниками театра.

Русский театр – всемирно известен, а самый известный из всех – это Большой. Здание Большого театра находится на Театральной площади в центре Москвы, недалеко от Кремля. Он является ведущим Российским оперным театром с лучшими вокалистами и хореографами.

Труппа Большого театра получает заслуженную славу как самого прекрасного. Это равным образом относится к его блестящему реалистическому стилю представления и к его репертуару.

Слава русского балета ассоциируется с рядом актеров Большого театра – великими мастерами хореографии. Имена Галины Улановой и Майи Плисецкой – будут написаны золотыми буквами в истории балетного искусства.


11. Saint Petersburg
(Санкт-Петербург)


Saint Petersburg, formerly called Leningrad, is Russia's second-largest city. Founded by Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great) in 1703, Saint Petersburg was Russia's capital from 1712 to 1918. It is situated on the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of the Neva River. The population of the city is about 5,5 mln (1991).

Built on sparsely populated marshlands, Saint Petersburg was established by Peter the Great for the specific purpose of moving the Russian capital from Moscow to a seaport with an outlet to the West. The city was further embellished by his successors, especially the empresses Elizabeth and Catherine II. The capital was moved back to Moscow in 1918. Known as Petrograd from 1914 to 1924, and thereafter as Leningrad, the city was besieged for 900 days (August 1941-January 1944) by German invaders during World War II. During the siege more than 650,000 of Leningrad's inhabitants died of starvation. In the reaction against Leninism that accompanied the abandonment of Communist ideology and the breakup of the USSR, the city's traditional name was restored in 1991.

Saint Petersburg spans more than 100 islands, connected by 635 bridges. The many canals and waterways crisscrossing the city account for one-sixth of its total area. The climate is strongly influenced by its northern location and proximity to the sea. With an average of only 62 days a year of sunny weather, Saint Petersburg is known for its dampness and fog. Flooding is common, especially in low-lying areas, because of strong sea winds from the Baltic. The northern location makes possible the "white nights" (24 hours of daylight) of June and July.

In contrast to other Russian cities, built in concentric circles around their medieval kremlins (fortresses), Saint Petersburg was carefully planned to mold with the natural landscape of the Neva. Its architecture, notable for its gilded palaces and the colorful facades of its waterfront residences, is strongly Western in appearance; many of the city's principal monuments are the work of Western European architects. Among these are the Winter Palace (the former residence of the tsars), the Cathedral of Saint Isaac, the Peter and Paul Fortress, and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan. Outside the city are the Peterhof, or Petrodvorets (the summer palace of Peter the Great), and the palaces of Catherine the Great and Alexander I at Pushkin.

Saint Petersburg is an important shipbuilding center and major port, whose role in Russia's economy has increased with the loss of the ports in the former Baltic republics of the USSR.

Widely considered to be Russia's cultural capital, Saint Petersburg is closely tied to the memory of the great Russian literary and artistic figures of the 19th century. The city has more than 20 theaters, seven concert halls, and a conservatory. It is home to the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic, as well as the Kirov Ballet and the Kirov Opera. Of its nearly 50 museums, the most famous is the Hermitage, housed in the Winter Palace. Saint Petersburg is also an important educational center, with more than 40 colleges and universities, and numerous libraries, the most notable of which is the Saltykov-Shchedrin Public Library.

Vocabulary


mouth (of a river)

устье реки

sparsely populated

малонаселенный

marshland

болотистая местность, топь

an outlet

выход

to embellish

украшать, приукрашивать

a successor

преемник, наследник

to besiege

осаждать

a siege

осада

an invader

захватчик

an inhabitant

житель

starvation

голод, голодная смерть

to accompany

сопровождать

abandonment

отказ, заброшенность

to restore

восстанавливать

to span

перекрывать, охватывать

a bridge

мост

to account for

насчитывать (ся)

location

месторасположение

proximity to

близость к

dampness

влажность

fog

туман

flooding

затопление, потоп

a circle

круг

medieval

средневековый

a fortress

крепость

to mold (Am.), mould (Br.)

формировать

architecture

архитектура

an architect

архитектор

major

главный, большой, крупный

a loss

потеря

numerous


многочисленный