14 меѓународен славистички конгрес охрид, 10-16 септември 2008 зборник од резимеа

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Содержание Comparative studies in Poland – the state of the art for 2007, including questions for 2008 Sonja Stojmenska-Elzeser (Македонија) Miloš Zelenka (Чешка)

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Лидия Висьневска (Полска)

Компаративистика в Польше – набросок ситуации на 2007 год, с вопросами на 2008 год


Comparative studies in Poland – the state of the art for 2007, including questions for 2008 does not usurp the right to present a systematic analysis of the issue, but it is rather an encouragement for further studies and debates. In the first part titled Polish comparative studies in recent years the focus is laid on institutional premises of the function of this field outside and inside universities as well as on initiatives taken within the activity framework of conferences and publishing houses. My intention is here to indicate that comparative issues concerning Slavic literatures are rarely a close and separate point of interest. In the second part titled Comparative studies in other discussions – debates on comparative studies I attempt at showing how the “reconstruction” of certain areas (for instance, Polish studies) affects the enhancement of tasks of comparative studies and in what way “reconstruction” affects comparative studies that embrace new methodological ideas (for instance, constructivism), new areas (focusing on issues outside literature including culture and its domains) and at the same time this extension trend is accompanied by a question concerning its borders. In the third part titled Comparative studies for further discussion I am asking questions about the scope of comparative studies present on the Slavic Congress, and I do support its wide understanding. I try to show the co-existence of different research perspectives, among which even the obsolete ones currently have new expressions and I advocate for perspectives to complement. Finally, referring to the question, asked in Poland, about the existence or the end of comparative studies I would rather suggest talking about weakening or emerging of its particular incarnations. Thus, instead of asking a dramatic question about the end I would rather ask a question about the specific shape of comparative studies in 2008, i.e. a year from the moment I am writing these words.


Sonja Stojmenska-Elzeser (Македонија)

The Chalenges of Comparative Studies of Slavonic Literatures


This paper is a kind of synopsis for an educational program in the field of comparative studies of Slavonic literatures, designed for Macedonian educational system, but compatible with the other akademic soroundings. It is based on the statement that nowdays studies of Slavonic literatures ought to be comparative, interdisciplinary and wideoppened for new tendencies in cultural studies and humanities in general. First level of this program should be the representation of the tradition of Slavonic comparatism from the beginings of the disciplinary development of comparative literature in ninetheen century. It will show the contribution of the Slavonic scholars in literary comparatism (as is the work of Aleksandar N. Veselovsky, Viktor V. Zirmunsky, Mikhail M Bakhtin, Frank Volman, Dioniz Gjurisyn, Adam Mickievic, Bojan Nicev, Antun Ocvirk, Zoran Konstantinovic, Zdenko Lesic, Alexandar Flaker etc.) with special emphasis on the Macedonian comparative school with its main figure – Milan Gjurcinov. On the second level more important poetic movements in Slavonic literatures should be studied (such as the social literature or avangarde) with more attention on the contemporary literature (the history and the novel, mistification, magic realism etc.). The third level shell consists of a debate about the concrete comparisons of some works, authors and movements from diferent Slavonic literatures, but in addition with discussions about the media, theatre, music, hypertexts and other cultural phenomena where interferences could be detected. This vision is an attemt to contribute in practice for development of comparative studies of Slavonic literatures.


Miloš Zelenka (Чешка)

Czech and Slovak Comparative Literary Studies in the 20th Century


Interwar Czechoslovakia saw the formation of a generation which literary historiography labelled the "Czech School of comparative literary studies", or the "Prague School of comparative studies“ endeavouring to frame a modern concept of comparative literary studies. Although the first peak of this generational grouping, which included Jiří Polívka (1853­–1933), Jan Máchal (1855–1939), Matija Murko (1861–1952) a Václav Tille (1867–1937), was the period between 1890–1920, its members, after 1918, substentially developed a comparative approach to Slavonic literatures as an integral part of the world literature based on mutual relations between East and West.

The second generation of scholars, which matured during the 1930s (J. Horák, O. Fischer, M. Szyjkowski, etc.) synthesised through its leading personalities, René Wellek (1903-1995) and FrankWollman (1888-1969), the knowledge of the preceding school of cultural history and the structural-functionalist view of the Prague Linguistic Circle. Wollman came up with a specific model of Slavonic literatures based on eidological (morphological) principle as early as the interwar period.

The disciples of these scholars (J. Heidenreich-Dolanský, K. Krejčí, K. Horálek, J. Hrabák, etc.), who began to publish their papers in the mid-1930s, represented the third generation of Czech modern comparative scholarship, whose formation, however, came under the negative impact of the crisis of comparatives studies in the West alongside the ideologically conditioned rejection of comparative approach at home, which in the 1950s was labelled cosmopolitan, for it was loaded by the "influence theory" of A. N. Veselovsky, the father of modern historical poetics. After 1945, both the second and the third generations of Czech modern comparatists continued their activities, but parallel to them, there were other dictinctive scholars who gained recognition, namely A. Měšťan, Z. Mathauser or S. Wollman, who pursued comparative study of the genre system of Slavonic literatures.

The Czech and Slovak comparative scholarship, whose prominent representatives were direct disciples of F. Wollman and colleagues of D. Ďurišin, has followed from genetic and contactological studies to typology and to the application of philosophical impulses (phenomenology, hermeneutics, etc.), yet it has always combined comparative method with the directional and, mainly, genologic approaches. Its response to the contemporary methodological movement, namely the departure from formalist-structuralist theories towards researches into social politics and culturology notwithstanding, it has preserved philological contact with a concrete text. Comparative literary studies are recognized here as an integral branch of literary history, consummated in the relations within the supra-national context, whose core interest is historical poetics, considering both its diachronic and synchronic aspects.