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ms across the entrance should be weak. Whether approaching from the N or S, the approach should be made as slowly as possible until about 100 m off the entrance when speed should be increased and the appropriate wheel applied to maintain the centerline of the en trance.
Entry is feasible during E gales just after LW as the offshore sandbanks make an excellent breakwater. Entry is not advisable for large or low powered vessels during SE gales.11. Passage (e) describes recommendations how to enter the harbour
- What are these recommendations? Copy them out.
- What is a recommended time to enter the harbour?
(e)Directions. From a position SE of the harbour entrance the route is NW to the entrance crossing the bar, composed of sand and shingle, which varies with the season and the effect of wind and sea. The entrance is formed by two piers and is 46 m wide decreasing to 35 m within the pierheads. Lights (metal column, 3 m in height) are exhibited from each pierhead. Within the entrance the route follows the channel formed initially by the piers and then by the River Blyth. A recommended time to enter the harbour is 2 to 3 hours after the recommencement of the in-going stream.
UNIT 13. BERTHING AND LEAVING BERTH. TOWING
and readingthese words orally, and then read part one of the text
Fenders - кранцы fa" Heaving line - бросательный конец fa" Appropriate - соответствующий, надлежащий fa" Headway - передний ход, инерция переднего хода fa" Sternway - задний ход, инерция заднего хода fa' Steerage-way ~ ход, достаточный для управления рулём fa" To back - дать задний ход fa" Hawser - перлинь, (стальной) трос fa" Embankment - 1.дамба, насыпь 2. набережная fa" Bollard - причальная тумба fa" Warping drum - сновальный барабан fa" Head-rope /headline - носовой швартов fa" Bow spring /backspringforward- носовой шпринг fa" breast line - прижимной швартов fa" Stern rope / sternline - кормовой швартов fa" Stern spring/ backspring aft - кормовой шпринг fa" To secure - крепить, закреплять" To heave (heaved, hove) тянуть, выбирать, подтягивать fa" Taut - тугой, натянутый (о канате) fa" Slack - слабый, имеющий слабину (о канате) fa" To veer in - выбирать (конец веревки) fa" To veer out - травить, вытравливать fa" Quay- набережная, стенка fa" To moor - швартоваться" To make fast alongside - швартоваться лагом" To make fast stern to - швартоваться кормой
fa- To get moored"^
fa" To get berthedI ошвартоваться
fa- To get tied up" To work the ship into her berth -*" To bring the ship alongside the quay -поставить судно к причалу" To make the starboard (port) landing - ошвартоваться правым (левым) бортом" To get alongside starboard (port) side to - швартоваться правым (левым бортом" To run out a line it is advisable - подать (вытравить) конец рекомендуется
^ То swing the bow to starboard (port) ~ развернуть носом вправо (влево), уваливать
Р^ То sheer the stern from the quay, to double up fore and aft - отвести (отбить) корму от причала, завести дугошни с носа и кормы
Exercise l.Read the text and be ready to answer the questionsmake fast to a wharf either alongside or stern to. When approaching a berth, ships must proceed at slow speed. On deck, heaving lines and mooring ropes, as well as fenders, should be ready for use. The anchors must be ready to let go. At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped and the ship's headway is used to bring her alongside the wharf. This headway should be just enough to keep the ship moving ahead without losing steerage-way. If a ship has too much headway it should be stopped by backing the ship with the engine or by letting the anchor go. When the vessel approaches her designated berth at minimum steerage-way, the approach to the quay is made at the smallest possible angle. With a heaving line the hawser is pulled from the vessel onto the embankment by line-handlers. The spring is fastened to a bollard^ and while the engine is on half astern, the warping drum picks up the slack (that is: pulls the line tight).To prevent the line from being fouled, the hawser or spring is led through a fairlead. The ship is then manoeuvred along the embankment and fastened to bollards.ship is made fast to the quayside by mooring lines. They consist of a headline, a breast line and a back spring forward, a stern line, a breast line and a back spring aft. Any of these lines may be doubled. Each line has a large eye spliced in the end. The eye is placed over a bollard on the quayside. If there is another line already on the bollard, the eye of the second line should be taken up through the eye of the first line before placing it over the bollard. This makes it possible for either line to be let go first.the ship is secured in her berth, rat-guards should be placed on all the lines. For permanent moorings wire ropes are preferred to ordinary fibre ropesthe mooring lines should be constantly watched, as the change of weather or rise and fall of tide can make the lines too taut or too slack and this will necessitate veering them in or out from time to time. Nowadays there are automatic winches used for this purpose. In stormy weather the ships secured in their berths usually have to double up fore and aft.berthing operations seamen must work with great caution. Carelessness may cause serious injuries.2. Answer the following questions
- What are the necessary preparations before berthing the ship?
- What power is used to bring the vessel to her berthing place? What can be the engines used for?
- What is the usual procedure for mooring the ship? What lines are used for it?
- What is the way of placing the mooring rope over a bollard?
- What necessary arrangements must be done after the ship is made fast?
Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks, using the given words
veer outfairleadmooring ropesembankment fasten
make faststeerage wayrat guards
- Your ship mayto a wharf № 4.
- A heaving line and a hawser are pulled from the vessel onto the
by line handlers.
- The springs areto bollards.
- A ship is made fast to the quayside by the.
- If the lines are too taut or too slack you mustthem.
- To prevent the line from being fouled it must be led through the.
- After the ship is in its berth, you must placeon all the lines.
- The vessel must approach to her berth at minimum.
Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes
- All the mooring ropes should be constantly watched as the change of weather or rise and fall of tide can make the anchor chain too taut or too slack and this will necessitate fastening it to the bollard.
- At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped and the ship's steerageway is used to bring her alongside the tug.
- When the ship is in her berth there must be lookouts watching all the lines.
- If a ship has too much headway it should be stopped with the help of two tugboats towing her in the opposite direction, or by pulling the heaving line to the embankment.
- In stormy weather helicopters secured in their berths usually have to double up anchor chain.
- A single buoy mooring is a stone-built structure at which vessels can lie alongside, usually with public access, usually approached through a lock, maintaining the water at constant level
- A wharf means a single column of wood, steel or concrete to take ships' lines.
Exercise 5. Read the passage and learn the definitionsberth may be at:
. A single buoy mooring (SBM) - a single buoy carrying pipe-lines for tankers. It is usually situated at the distance of 20 miles from shore and more.
- Dolphins - single columns of wood, steel or concrete to take ships' lines. Can be used together with
- A T-jetty or Pier
- A Dock - an enclosed area of water, usually approached through a lock, maintaining the water at constant level
- A Quay - a stone-built structure at which vessels can lie alongside, usually with public access. It may be in a dock or it can be a river berth.
- A Wharf- a stone or words structure at which vessels can lie alongside, Usually in enclosed dock, with warehouse facilities.
Exercise 6. Translate the extracts from the pilot book
- The wharves and piers on the Philadelphia side of the Delaware River are numbered consecutively. From the foot of Market Street, about a quarter of a mile below the suspension bridge, northward of Fort Richmond. The wharves at Port Richmond are numbered independently. Those on the western side of the river including Petty Island, and the eastern side opposite Philadelphia, have depths up to 38 feet, those in the Schuylkill River, up to 30 feet. There are several municipal piers which are equipped with modern appliances for working cargo; these and a large proportion of the oth