Сочинение

521. Modern dialectical materialism
Иностранные языки

This phenomenon is not confined to Iran, India and Algeria. In the United States we saw the "Waco massacre," and after that, in Switzerland, the collective suicide of another group of religious fanatics. In other Western countries, we see the uncontrolled spread of religious sects, superstition, astrology and all kinds of irrational tendencies. In France, there are about 36,000 Catholic priests, and over 40,000 professional astrologers who declared their earnings to the taxman. Until recently, Japan appeared to be an exception to the rule. William Rees-Mogg, former editor of the London Times, and arch-Conservative, in his recent book The Great Reckoning, How the World Will Change in the Depression of the 1990s states that: "The revival of religion is something that is happening throughout the world in varying degrees. Japan may be an exception, perhaps because social order has as yet shown no signs of breaking down there…" (3) Rees-Mogg spoke too soon. A couple of years after these lines were written, the horrific gas attack on the Tokyo underground drew the worlds attention to the existence of sizable groups of religious fanatics even in Japan, where the economic crisis has put an end to the long period of full employment and social stability. All these phenomena bear a striking resemblance to what occurred in the period of the decline of the Roman Empire. Let no one object that such things are confined to the fringes of society. Ronald and Nancy Reagan regularly consulted astrologers about all their actions, big and small. Here are a couple of extracts from Donald Regans book, For the Record:
522. Modern Tourism Narrows the Mind
Разное

It's needless to say that tourism tops the list of pastimes during ones vacations. Why? The answer seems to be unexpectedly easy its all because of the strong desire to entertain oneself. Modern tourism includes not only travelling through magnificent scenery or the worlds most treasured sites and going sightseeing. Decent travel agencies have understood that providing such tours only is nail-biting because modern clients cant be hooked on that “drag”. Moreover, modern tourism tends to disregard these “old-fashioned” tours. Modern tourists demand more and attentive stuff is ready to offer more.
523. Moi
Разное

Dans une annee il y a 4 saisons:le printemps,l'ete,l'automne et l'hiver. Chaque saison dure 3 mois. Chaque saison a son charm. Au prentemps la nature s'eveille. Les arbres se couvrent de feuilles vert. Il faut beau, le ciel est bleu. Tout commence a fleurir. On dit que le printemps est la plus belle saison de l'annee. Apres le printemps vient l'ete. L'ete est aussi une belle saison. En ete il faut chad, sortout au mois de juin et juillet. En ete les jours sont plus longs et les nuits plus courtes. On peut aller dans lo foret, se baigner, se bronzer dans le soleil sur la plage. On peut aller de la mer. Apres l'ete il y a l'automne. Le 1 septembre c'est la rentree. En automne les fruits murissent, les feuilles jaunissent et tombent. Il pleut.Il fait du vent. Apres l'automne vient l'hiver. En l'hiver il fait friod, il ne pleut pas, il neige, il gele. Les jours deviennent tres courts, il fait nuit tot. Mais tout les monde aiment beacop l'hiver et les sport d'hiver : faire du ski, fair du petinage artistique, jouer au hockey. Les enfent aiment fair un bonhomme de neige.
524. Monopolistic competition and economic efficiency (Монополистическая конкуренция и экономическая)
Разное
Product differentiation makes this model different from pure competition model. Economic rivalry takes the form of non-price competition:
1. Product differentiation may be physical (qualitative).
2. Services and conditions accompanying the sale of the product are important aspects of product differentiation.
3. Location is another type of differentiation.
4. Brand names, advertising and packaging lead to perceived differences.
5. Product differentiation allows producers to have some control over the prices of their products.
6. Sellers do not behave strategically. As there is a large (like in perfect competition) number of small firms, we assume, that each of them does not have a noticeable effect on the price decision of other producers, while changing the price for its output. Thus, firms do not take into consideration the expectation of a reaction of their competitors to their price and output decision. Buyers & sellers are independently acting.
7. All participants have perfect information.
8. No entry barriers on the market. Neither technological nor legal barriers to entry exist. This feature is similar to the perfect competition market.
525. My Appearance
Разное

I have a round face, straight nose, big brown eyes and small lips. My hair is short because last week I was in the hairdressing saloon where Ive got a new hair-do. Generally I like it. My nature color of hair is light brown. But a few days ago I dyed my hair and now it is dark-brown with a cherry shade. My grandfather does not like either my hair-do or the color of my hair but I dont care. My hair is straight and thick, but when I was a little girl I had curly hair. I like to be different and occasionally to change something in my appearance.
526. My Biography
Разное

Now I'm 15 years old. (This) In a Year I am Finishing school N88.
527. My day and its schedule
Иностранные языки

It is a rule for me to wake up at 6:30. It is difficult to get up so early, that is why I like to begin my day cheerfully. The alarm clock rings and I get up. Turning on the rhythmical music, though I am lazy, I do my morning exercises at the open window. At 6:45, I go to the bathroom where I take a contrast shower, then I wash my face and clean my teeth. By then I do not want to sleep any more, and I feel myself quite hungry to have breakfast. Usually my breakfast consists of porridge, a cup of coffee or tea and several sandwiches. Sometimes I eat muesli. During the breakfast, I like to watch TV-news, or to read the newspaper. I have 25 minutes for this all.
528. My dreams about future
Разное

To become a journalist is very attractive for me .If I were a journalist, I would work in famous newspapers, magazines or maybe, even on television .I think journalism is one of the most exciting profession, and I suppose ,it `s very interesting to communicate with different people from all parts of the world ,and to know new information .Journalism also gives opportunity to denounce your thoughts to others .To my mind, journalist must be honest and sincere in attitude to people around .But I must work hard if I want to be a journalist ,because it `s not easy as may seem at first .I believe ,if I were a journalist I would choose the most interesting and exciting topics for my articles ,I would write about rock ,pop and classical music ,about show-business and new young talantes . In fact , I wanted and still want to be a singer .It was my wish since my childhood .When I was a kid, I often imagined myself on the stage singing and dancing .My parents understood that it `s not only a hobby, but also my dream and allowed me to study at musical school .Now ,I study at musical school on vocal department, and who knows ,maybe someday I `ll become famous singer .I can `t live without music, with the help of music I express my emotions and get rid of my troubles .If I were a singer I would change peoples mind , would make them more kind with the help of my songs. I dream to become a journalist and get acquainted with musical producers or people from the world of show business, who can help me to become a star.
529. My Duties about the house
Разное

the house are to clean the rooms, to wash the dishes
530. My Favorite Book Characters in Native and Foreign Literature
Иностранные языки

As every creative person, who enjoys reading, I adore some extraordinary book characters, but that doesnt mean my personality becomes influenced too much by them, as the times of childish fanaticism had gone away. Ill start with Terry Pratchett's "Discworld". Its a comedic fantasy book series set on a flat world balanced on the backs of four elephants which, in turn, stand on the back of a giant turtle. The books frequently parody, or at least take inspiration from, J. R. R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard, H. P. Lovecraft and William Shakespeare, as well as mythology, folklore and fairy tales, often using them for satirical parallels with current cultural, political and scientific issues. The main characters can be changed, but one person is immortally constant. His name is Death, he is a black-robed skeleton carrying a scythe. He does not appear to be Death in the universal sense; his jurisdiction appears to be only the Discworld itself. Death is not invisible. Most people's brains refuse to acknowledge him for who he is, unless he insists. Under normal circumstances, only witches, wizards, children and cats can see him, or allow themselves to see him. Due to his eternal nature, Death can ignore such things as walls or magic spells; he exists through all time, and therefore things lasting merely centuries are not as real as he is. Death is efficient but not cruel, and sees his job as a necessary public service. His task is not to kill, but to collect. He harvests the old, worn-out souls of the dead. Death is intrigued by humans and their cultures, and attempts to imitate their lives by adopting a daughter and building a house. But without the emotions and biological needs that motivate humans, he is unable truly to understand why humans do the things that they do and his imitative actions often have fundamental flaws. Death is fascinated by humanity. His interest is coupled with bafflement: it's a favorite point of Pratchett's that the habits and beliefs that are grown into instead of being rationally acquired are an essential part of being human. This fascination with humanity extends to the point of sympathy towards them, and he often sides with humans against greater threats.
531. My favorite writer
Разное

I'm fond of reading. Usually I borrow books from the library, but I have a lot of them at home, too. I like to read books about the history of our country, about famous people and the life of my contemporaries abroad. Literature means much in my life. It helps to form the character and the world outlook, to understand life better. My favoririte English writer is Daniel Defo : he was the founder of the realistic novel. He was also a brilliant journa-list and in many ways the father of modern English periodicals. He founded and paved the way for many magazines ( "The Revue", "The Spectator"). DD was born in London, his father a butcher, was wealthy enough to give his sone a good education. D was to become a prist, but it was his cheariched desire to become wealthy. His wished was never fullfield. D was banckrote several times. He was always in deep debt. The inly branch of business in which he proved succesful was journalism and literature. When D was about 23 he started writting pamphlets on question of the hour. He started writting pamphlets prassing King William 3, who was supported by the whig party. D wrote a setire in woth. No matter in whose defends his brilliant pamphlets were written they are irony was so subtle, that the enemy didn't understand it at first. But as soon as his enemy realised the real character of the pamphlets D was sentensed to 7 years inprisonment. It was a cruel punishment, and when the came for him to be set free people carried him on their shoulders.. This was the climax of his political career and the end of it. In 1719, he tried his hand at another kind of literature - fiction, and wrote the novel he is now best known: "Robison Crusoe". After the book was published, D became famous and rich and was able to pay his creditors in full. Other novels which D were also very much talked about during his lifetime, but we do not hear much about them now. For example "Captain Singleton"(1720), "Moll Flanders"(1722). My famous book is Robinson Crusoe : It was about Scotish sailor, who lived quite alone 4 years and 4 month on a desert island. Defoe's hero, however spend 26 years on a desert island. The novel was a prase tohuman labour and the triumph the men over the nature. Labour and fortitude help Robinson to endure hardships. They save him from dispair. The very process of hardwork gives his satisfaction. R's most characteristic tract is his optimism. His guiding prencipal in life was: "never said die" and "in trouble to be troubles is to have your trouble double." In his book Defo deseccribes adventures of people take risks. His books tought us to be clever and brave. There are many famous people in our republik. First of all I'd like to mention the name of our outstanding national writers Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas. They created a new Belarusian Literature and a Belarusian literatury language. Both are considered to be the classics of Belorusian literature. These names are followed by a number of other well-known writers and poets, such as K.Krapiva, Brovka, Tank, Byikov, Korotkevich, Gilevich, Adamovich known both in our country and abroad. Their names are sure to become history whatever it may be.
532. My favourite TV programme
Литература
533. My Ideas On Living In A Foreign Country
Разное

Thousands of people emigrate annually. For many, living and working abroad for extended periods of time becomes the adventure of a lifetime. Many set off to unknown lands to fill a gap of time in their lives, improve their fluency in a foreign language, meet new and interesting people, and build self-reliance. The reasons for emigration are quite different: political or religious persecution, poverty, awful living conditions, climate and many more. But the fact is that people take the plunge in search of better life. Decent conditions and the opportunity to spend more time together as a family attract them in spite of the threat of being frustrated very soon. However, Im sure that living in a foreign country can be rather interesting, and yet has its disadvantages also.
534. My modern image of the United States
Разное

AS FOR ME, I ASSOCIATE THE USA WITH SKYSCRAPERS, LARGE CITIES AND AMERICAN DREAMS. AND AMERICAN DREAM I ASSOCIATE WITH HOOLLYWOOD.I`M SURE THAT IT`S THE MOST FAMOUS PLACE IN THE WORLD.I GUESS THIS PLACE PEOPLE FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATE WITH FAME, MONEY, WITH SCANDALS AND STARS. HOLLYWOOD WHAT WOULD WE DO WITHOUT THIS PLACE? I SUPPOSE WE SIMPLY COULDNT IMAGINE OUR LIFE WITHOUT HOLLYWOOD, WHICH GAVE US SUCH TALANTIVE PERSONS AS: MARYLIN MONRO, CHER, JENIFER LOPEZ, JENIFER LOVE HUIT, MADONNA, NICOLE KIDMAN AND OTHERS.IF U WANT MY OPINION I`M SURE THAT EVERYBODY WANT TO BE A PART OF HOLLYWOOD LIFE. HOLLYWOOD GIVES US AN OPPORTUNITY TO DREAM OF THE THINGS THAT WE COULD FIND IMPOSSIBLE AT A FIRST GLANCE, SO THAT `S WHY IT`S CALLED THE EXAMPLE OF AMERICAN DREAMS. THAT`S THE WORD THAT APPEAL FIRST IN MY MIND WHEN I HEAR ABOUT THE USA.
535. My School
Разное

The teachers' room is on the second floor. There are tables and chairs for teachers, a TV set and a telephone there. It is a comfortable and cosy room and the teachers like to spend their free time in it. I like my school. I go there and get knowledge. Pupils have school uniforms in En-gland. It is an old tradition in the country. A boy's uniform consists of a special suit, a school cap, a tie and a blazer. A girl's uniform consists of a hat a coat, a skirt and a blouse. As usual their uniform is dark.
536. New York City Short Essay
Разное
537. Paleontology
Иностранные языки

While paleontology is largely seen as an interesting academic exercise by much of the public, as well as a source of fascinating facts for dinosaur-loving children, it may also offer lessons about humanitys current relationship to its environment. The current period in paleontological history, known as the Quaternary, which began roughly 1.8 million years ago, has been marked by the rise to dominance of a species from the hominid family of the primate order of mammals, known as homo sapiens. With its great intelligence this species has come to control and change its environment to an unprecedented degree and, in paleontological terms, in a very short period of time. Like the cataclysmic events of the past, human-wrought change to the environment may be occurring too fast for other species to adapt. Scholars of the environment estimate that species extinctions in the past century have occurred at a rate anywhere between 100 to 1,000 times above the average, or “background,” rate of extinction--a result of hunting, pollution, habitat loss and, most recently, climate change. Thus, some paleontologists hypothesize that the planet may be undergoing a new extinction event, known as Holocene extinction event, after the current epoch, which began about 10,000 years ago, produced not by asteroids or great geological forces but by the very species that had unraveled the story of Earths long history.
538. Pavel Tretiakov
Разное

La Galerie Trériakov de Moscou, le plus grand musée dart russe est connue dans le monde entier. Cest le collectionneur Pavel Trétiakov (1832-1898) qui a fait en quarante ans la base de cette Collection .Des son plus jeune age , Trétiakov aimait beaucoup lart. A Pétersbourg, il passait des heures á regarder les oeuvres de lart Mondial qui se trouvent á LErmitage. Plus tard , pendant ses Voyages á létranger, il a visité les musées dAllemagne, de France et dautres pays. Trés tot, il a commencé á collectionner des gravures et des lithographies, des paysages. Revenu en Russie, il a décidé de collectionner les tableaux de lécole Russe.
539. Peterhof
Разное

The construction of the Upper Chamber (grand palace) began in 1714. The idea of the project came from Peter. The first architect was Johann Brounstein. After him many architect rebuilding the monument.
540. Post-structuralism in France
Иностранные языки

Barthes was a prominent post-structuralist who believed that there are two orders of signification: iconic and connotative. According to him, the idea of second-order signification is a myth. In myth there are two semiological systems, one of which is staggered in relation to the other: a linguistic system, the language, which Barthes calls language-object, because it is the language which myth gets hold of in order to build its own system; and myth itself, which Barthes calls metalanguage, because it is a second language in which one speaks about the first. When he reflects on a metalanguage, the semiologist no longer needs to ask himself questions about the composition of the language-object, he no longer has to take into account the details of the linguistic schema; he will only need to know its total term, or global sign, and only as this term lends itself to myth. This is why the semiologist is entitled to treat in the same way writing and pictures: what he retains from them is the fact that they are both signs and they constitute a language-object. He believes that a sign has a signifier and a signified which are related to each other through an unending chain of signifiers because there is not one signifier for a signified but many.1968 Barthes wrote what is largely considered to be his best-known work, the essay The Death of the Author. Barthes saw the notion of the author, or authorial authority, in the criticism of literary text as the forced projection of an ultimate meaning of the text. By imagining an ultimate intended meaning of a piece of literature one could infer an ultimate explanation for it. But Barthes points out that the great proliferation of meaning in language and the unknowable state of the authors mind makes any such ultimate realization impossible [11].his essay, Barthes criticizes the method of reading and criticism that relies on aspects of the author's identity - his or her political works, historical context, religion, ethnicity, psychology, or other biographical or personal attributes - to distill meaning from the author's work. In this type of criticism, the experiences and biases of the author serve as a definitive explanation of the text. Readers must thus separate a literary work from its creator in order to liberate the text from interpretive tyranny. Each piece of writing contains multiple layers and meanings. In a well-known quotation, Barthes draws an analogy between text and textiles, declaring that a text is a tissue (or fabric) of quotations, drawn from innumerable centers of culture, rather than from one, individual experience. The essential meaning of a work depends on the impressions of the reader, rather than the passions or tastes of the writer; a text's unity lies not in its origins, or its creator, but in its destination, or its audience [2]., in his essay, The Death of The Author, states: …writing is the destruction of every voice, of every point of origin. Writing is that neutral, composite, oblique space where our subject slips away, the negative where all identity is lost, starting with the very identity of the body of writing [8, p.120].all the post-structuralists and the Deconstructionists, Barthes gives importance to the context of which the text is a product. At the end of his essay, The Death of The Author, he says: …it is necessary to overthrow the myth: the birth of reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author [8, p.123].Author is always in the past of the text; whereas the Writer is simultaneous with it. Writing always occurs now, in the act of reading it, enunciating it, unpacking its structure. There is no single theological meaning but a multidimensional space in which a variety of writings blend and clash. Assigning the text an author is equal to imposing a limit on this mesh. In the multiplicity of writing - everything is to be disentangled rather than deciphered. The structure is to be followed at every point, rather than reduced to a single angle. The unity of a text is in its destination - the reader; though the reader too is inscribed, not personal. Hence, the birth of reader begins with the death of the author [2].and scriptor are terms Barthes uses to describe different ways of thinking about the creators of texts. The author is our traditional concept of the lone genius creating a work of literature or other piece of writing by the powers of their original imagination. For Barthes, such a figure is no longer viable. The insights offered by an array of modern thought, including the insights of Surrealism, have rendered the term obsolete. In place of the author, the modern world presents us with a figure Barthes calls the scriptor, whose only power is to combine pre-existing texts in new ways. Barthes believes that all writing draws on previous texts, norms, and conventions, and that these are the things to which we must turn to understand a text. As a way of asserting the relative unimportance of the writer's biography compared to these textual and generic conventions, Barthes says that the scriptor has no past, but is born with the text. He also argues that, in the absence of the idea of an author-God to control the meaning of a work, interpretive horizons are opened up considerably for the active reader, because according to Barthes the death of the author is the birth of the reader [11].

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