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Great britain
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GREAT BRITAIN



Great Britain is situated on the British Isles, which lie to the northwest of Europe. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom has an area of 94,249 square miles. The population of the United Kingdom is 56,6 million people. The capital of the country is London. English is the official language.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. In law, the Queen of Great Britain is the head of the executive system, the head of system of justice and of the Armed forces.

In practice, the Queen acts only on the advice of her Ministers. She reins but she does not rule.

Great Britain has the oldest Parliament in the world.

The Parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The Parliament sits in the Palace of Westminster. It opens every year in autumn.

The Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Every five years British people elect the members of the House of Commons. The House of Commons consists of 630 members, who may belong to various parties.

At present there are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party. The party which obtains the majority of seats in the House of Commons forms the Government and the other parties form the Opposition. Great Britain has a non-elected, hereditary, second Chamber - the House of Lords. It has 850 members.

The main functions of Parliament are to legislate, and to control the Actions of the Government.

Every bill has three readings at first in the House of Commons.

After the third reading the bill goes before the House of Lords. In theory, the queen could refuse the royal assent to a bill passed by Parliament and so stop it becoming a law. Indeed, the royal assent is so automatic that the queen doesn’t even bother to give it in person.


II Вариант


I. Напишите следующие существительные в единственном числе:

forms, duties, sportsmen, feet.


II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните существительные в притяжательном падеже:

1. My sister’s friend prefers cola to beer.

2. Jane often uses her brother’s things.

3. Mr. and Ms. Brown’s children do not often come to see their parents.


III. Поставьте в скобках личные местоимения. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. Does (она) like to read?

2. (Мы) go to the office by tram.

3. (Они) do not usually ask a lot of questions.


IV. Поставьте в скобках притяжательные местоимения. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. Alice sometimes gives us (ее) journals to look through.

2. As a rule, they spend (свое) free time in the country.

3. Jack takes (свою) dog out three times a day.


V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения:

1. Pass me, please, some cake.

2. We do not have any problems with our study.

3. Nobody knows him.


VI. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, помните, как переводится группа существительных на русский язык:

1. Sometimes our newspaper conducts an opinion poll.

2. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals and disputes between individuals and government departments.

3. There are 50 different registration laws in the USA - one law for each state.


VII. Перепишите предложения. Укажите, какую функцию выполняет -s:

а) глагол в 3-м лице ед. ч. настоящего времени;

б) существительное во множественном числе;

в) существительное в притяжательном падеже.

Переведите предложения:

1. Paul helps his groupmates with English.

2. Betty’s father sometimes plays chess with my grandfather.

3. My friends like to have a cup of coffee with some ice-cream.


VIII. Перепишите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The cottage where my cousins live now is more beautiful and comfortable than their old house.

2. The article is as difficult as the preface to it.

3. The more you practise in English, the better you know it.


IX. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию there is /are:

1. There is a two-party system in the USA.

2. There are about 50,000 solicitors in England and Wales and they make up the largest branch of the legal profession.

3. Is there any separate training for judges in England?


X. Подчеркните глагол to be в соответствующей форме. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. England is unique as it has two different kinds of lawyers.

2. The functions of Parliament are to make laws, to provide money for the government, to debate political questions and to examine government policy.

3. The Queen and her family are a symbol of the country.


XI. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в настоящем времени, переведите предложения:

1. The Constitution limits the federal government to specific powers.

2. Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of two different court systems, their state courts and federal courts.

3. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court.


XII. Образуйте прошедшее время:

а) от стандартных глаголов

to represent; to conduct; to remove; to limit;

б) от нестандартных глаголов

to undertake; to have; to find; to keep.


XIII. Перепишите предложения, переведите их. Подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в прошедшем времени:

1. In 1776, the thirteen weak British colonies in America came together.

2. The former colonies, now “the United States of America”, first operated under the agreement called the Articles of Confederation.

3. The Constitution provided for three main branches of government which were separate and distinct from one another.


XIV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени:

1. In about 70 per cent of legislative decisions, Congressmen will vote with the specific wishes of their constituencies in spite of their own point of view.

2. Next year Parliament will pass about a hundred laws directly, i.e. it will make Acts of Parliament.

3. Soon the number of lawyers in the United States will exceed 675,000.


XV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите сказуемое, определите время глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Gary Smith celebrated his 18th birthday yesterday.

2. A lady from a travel agency helped us to choose a nice house.

3. They prefer swimming in a swimming pool all day.

4. James sat in his armchair and thought about the day.

5. The rent includes gas and electricity.

6. Perhaps, I’ll get my cheque today.

7. On Wednesday we did not discuss the article because we had too little time for it.

8. A few years ago the main industries in England were ship building and coal-mining.


XVI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните союзы и союзные слова:

1. This is the house which we bought about five years ago.

2. We all know that the Earth is a planet.

3. Peter will do well as he works hard.


XVII. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.