Г. В. Плеханова английский язык учебно-методическое пособие

Вид материалаУчебно-методическое пособие

Содержание


2.20. Ответьте на вопросы. Напишите сочинение, используя слова и выражения приведенные ниже
3. Global problems (глобальные проблемы)
Topical Vocabulary
Natural Disasters(природные катастрофы)
Man – Made Problems(проблемы, созданные человеком)
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2.20. Ответьте на вопросы. Напишите сочинение, используя слова и выражения приведенные ниже:

  • How have science and technology changed our lives? Think about discoveries, inventions, new products, and their effects (good and bad). How will science and technology affect our lives in the future?

Scientific and technological breakthroughs have brought great benefits. You only have to look around your own home to see ......…….

Many illnesses can now be treated or cured, for example, ............

Other examples of changes are ......................................................
  • Have our lives always been improved, however? Have we become too passive? Are we too dependent on technology? How dangerous could it be?

Take, for example, television / computer games / the Internet ......

New products have also made a major difference to our working lives.

Nowadays, ......................................................................................

In the future there may be even more major breakthroughs in the fields of medicine / leisure / work…………………….

We may no longer have to..............................................................

We will be able to .........................................................................


3. Global problems
(глобальные проблемы)


About two hundred years ago man lived in harmony with nature. But in the 20th century with the rapid growth of science and technology human achievements in conquering nature became so great that man’s economic activities began to produce an increasingly negative effect on the biosphere and endanger all living matter: plants, animals, people.

As a result of man’s destructive activities natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed, some species of flora and fauna have disappeared, city and industry waters, chemicals and pesticides are endangering rivers and ponds. A major problem in the world today is the destruction of the natural environment.

What is environment? The environment is everything around us: the ait. The water and the land where people, animals and plants live. One of the most negative aspects of man’s influence on the environment is pollution.

People are more worried about the environment as a result of the harmful effects of human activity. Some of these activities cause pollution and some are destroying the environment. Here are some of the problems: the ozone layer (damaging it so badly that soon parts will not exist; recent research shows that there is now a hole in parts of the ozone layer); global warming; acid rain (this is caused by smoke from factories).

Because of these problems, there are many groups of people whose aim is conservation. They are often referred to as greens, e.g. 'Greenpeace' and 'Friends of the Earth'.


Common causes of damage are:
  • smoke from factories;
  • car exhaust fumes;
  • dumping industrial waste in seas and rivers;
  • aerosol cans (usually called sprays). Some of these contain CFCs (a chemical) which can damage the ozone layer;
  • cutting down tropical rainforests (e.g. The Amazon). This increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.


How can we help?
  • Don't throw away bottles, newspapers, etc. Take them to a bottle bank or newspaper bank, and then they can be recycled.
  • Plant more trees.
  • Don't waste resources, e.g. water, gas. Try to save them.

Topical Vocabulary


nature


natural


naturally


environment

the environment

environment – friendly

environmental

surroundings

ecology

ecological

eco-friendly

the 'greens'

1) природа; 2) натура, характер;

3) природа, род

1) природный; 2) врожденный;

3) естественный


1) непринужденно;

2) конечно, естественно

окружение, среда

окружающая среда

приподобезвредный, природосберегающий

окружающий, относящийся к экологии

1) местность, окрестности;

2) среда, окружение

экология

экологический

экологически-безвредный

"зеленые" (партия защитников окружающей среды)

Natural Disasters
(природные катастрофы)


snowstorm

hurricane

forest fire

draught

volcanoe

earthquake

flood

to flood

снегопад, снежная буря

ураган

лесной пожар

засуха

вулкан

землятрясение

потоп

затопить

Man – Made Problems
(проблемы, созданные человеком)


to destroy

destruction

to conquer

to damage

damage

to affect

to endanger

threat

to threaten

to ban

crowded

the poor

epidemics

the hungry

famine

the homeless

overpopulation

the unemployed

pollution

to pollute

public transport

traffic jam

rush hour

strike

to go on strike

alternative sources

nuclear waste

industrial waste

to waste

wastepaper

litter

research

to research

pesticides

dramatic increase

to exhaust fumes in the air

ozone layer

global warming

greenhouse effect

acid rain

tropical rainforest

bottle bank

recycle

natural or human resources

to be exhausted

разрушать

разрушение

покорять

наносить вред; вредить

вред, разрушение

плохо влиять

угрожать

угроза

угрожать

запрещать

много людей

бедные

эпидемии

голодные, голодающие

голод

бездомные

перенаселение

безработные

загрязнение

загрязнять

общественный транспорт

пробка (дорожная)

час пик

забастовка

бастовать

альтернативные источники

ядерные отходы

промышленные отходы

тратить впустую, напрасно

макулатура

мусор

исследование

исследовать

пестициды

значительное увеличение

выбрасывать продукты горения в воздух

озоновый слой

всемирное потепление

парниковый эффект

кислотный дождь

тропический лес

место для сбора пустых бутылок

перерабатывать (отходы)


природные и человеческие ресурсы

быть исчерпанным, истощенным