Статья

161. 10 правил возврата долгов (с примерами из русской практики)
Юриспруденция, право, государство
162. 10 правил маркетингового исследования
Менеджмент

Я узнал об этом год назад от одного парня, у которого докторская степень в статистике. Хотите «доказать» статистически значимую разницу, например, между теми, кто видел рекламу, и теми, кто не видел? Просто снизьте уровень доверительной вероятности до 85, 80 или даже 70 процентов. Я знаю одну фирму, проводящую исследования, которая так и делает. Они просто не упоминают об этом в основном тексте, а включают информацию в приложение (кладбище разных «мелочей»). Один клиент, перед началом работ, лично проинструктировал меня о необходимости снижения уровня доверительной вероятности, «чтобы было больше статистически значимых различий между группами». Он сказал мне: «Если мы не предоставим достаточные статистические различия, руководство может посчитать, что не получило отдачу за свои деньги».
163. 2 топика по английскому языку english
Разное

When we are ill, we call a doctor, and he examines us and diagnoses the illness. When we have a headache, a stomach ache, a sore throat, a cold, or a pain in some parts of the body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse. He examines our heart, our lungs, our stomach or the part where we have pain, and tells us what the matter is with us. The doctor prescribes medicine, and gives us a prescription, which we take to the chemist's, who makes up the medicine.
164. 2 топика по иностранному языку /english/
Разное

On the first page you will find the major home news and some items of foreign news. The second and the third pages are taken by home affairs. On the fourth and the fifth pages there are reports from various countries on world news. On the last pages you will find the articles which are sometimes called features. The term "features" covers a wide range of subjects: rework of books, criticisms on theatre, on music, art. films, television, articles on science, travel, sport events, etc. The newspaper is also lull of advertisements.
165. 2 Топика по иностранному языку english
Разное

There is one day a year when all Americans stay home with their families and eat a big dinner. This is Thanksgiving Day. The pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day in the fall of 1621. The pilgrims sailed to America on board the "Mayflower" ship for religious freedom. They were among the first European settlers in America.
There were people living in America before the pilgrims arrived. These people were the Native American Indians.
The pilgrims first winter in the New World was very difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops. Without fresh food half of the pilgrims died. The following spring the Indians taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish, plant and survive in America. The crops did well and in the fall of 1621 pilgrims had a great harvest. They were thankful and decided to celebrate with a Thanksgiving feast. They prepared a dinner of turkey, corn, beans and pumpkins. They invited their Indian friends to share this feast. The Indians brought food for the feast too (they even brought popcorn! ). Americans still celebrate Thanksgiving Day in the fall. It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. Turkey is still the main dish and pumpkin pie is the most popular dessert.
166. 20-th century music styles
Разное

In 1969 at Woodstock, near New York a great rock festival attracted nearly half a million young people. Most of them were hippies, who shocked the world with their beards, long hair, old jeans and their calls for peace and love. They came to listen to such new stars as Jimmy Hendrix and Joe Cocker. They sang about the war in Vietnam and about violence in the world. The music performed at Woodstock had a tremendous influence on the development of the culture of the youth. The young people rose in protest against the mercantile society. The ideals of the hippies are still living in many hearts. In the middle of the 1990s the Woodstock festivals were revived. But today Woodstock is no longer a great party it used to be in 1969. Young people who come to Woodstock today simply want to see the violent youth of their parents.
167. 21 st Century Terrorism
Разное

That terrorists today do not feel as driven to take credit for their acts may be related to their belief that their message, whatever it may be, is still reaching its intended audience. As the renowned terrorism expert Walter Laqueur has observed, "If terrorism is propaganda by the deed, the success of a terrorist campaign depends decisively on the amount of publicity it receives." In this respect, terrorists are still getting all the publicity they crave, but they are manipulating and exploiting it in different ways. By maintaining their anonymity, terrorists may believe they are better able to capitalize on fear and alarm. Attacks perpetrated by enigmatic, unseen and unknown assailants may thus be deliberately designed to foment greater insecurity and panic in the target audience. In this way, the terrorists ability to portray themselves as being able to strike whenever and wherever they please, while highlighting the government's inability to protect potential targets, is appreciably heightened. The terrorists appear stronger, the government weak and powerless to stop the mayhem.
168. 25 советов по улучшению концентрации и работоспособности
Психология

Многие люди предпочитают заниматься одновременно несколькими делами. Так, прижав плечом к уху телефонную трубку, разговаривают с клиентом, при этом набирая на компьютере текст делового письма и слушая советы сидящего рядом коллеги. А что происходит с мозгом? По меньшей мере, одно из дел при таком подходе невозможно качественно довести до конца, мозг не успевает воспринимать одновременно такое количество информации и обрабатывать ее. Нам удастся повысить качество своего внимания, если мы будем заниматься только одним-единственным делом. Ведь концентрация это удерживание внимания на одном объекте, а не распыление на несколько. Полноценно сконцентрироваться можно лишь тогда, когда занимаешься одним-единственным делом.
169. 3 биографии выдающихся людей на иностранном языке /english/
Разное

Their three grandchildren became scientists. Howard was a talented entomologist, William and Joan were both physicists. The latter was almost the only woman-physicist who took part in the work at the atomic project of the USA. Their second daughter Margaret is known as the mother of the outstanding English mathematician Jeffrey Tailor who is a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Their third daughter Alicia was a specialist in the field of multidimensional space. The fourth daughter Lucy was the first woman-professor who was the head of a chemistry department. But the youngest daughter Ethel Lilian is the most famous. She married the Polish scientist and revolutionist Voynich. Her wonderful book 'The Gadfly" is translated into many languages and is popular in many countries of the world.
170. 3 вида маркетологов
Менеджмент

Если исходить из теоретических понятий, то нужно обязательно разделять два таких понятия как маркетинг и функция сбыта готовой продукции. При этом очевидна их взаимосвязь, но не взаимозаменяемость. На практике же более чем часто встречаешься с пониманием маркетолога, как коммерческого агента. В частности, при прохождении производственной практики в Сбербанке, куда нас пригласили <для развития маркетинга>, мне довелось столкнуться с двумя видами номинальных маркетологов. Первые сидели и писали отчеты, задания на которые спускались сверху, второму же типу предлагалось ходить по предприятиям и убеждать их заключать договора. Другого понимания понятия маркетинг просто не существовало.
171. 3 сочинения по иностранному языку english
Разное

I was born on the 22nd of March. Birthday is a very remarkable day for me. It is spring and the weather is fine.
In the morning my parents come to my room to wake me singing "Happy Birthday, dear Andy". They give me the presents. I like to get them very much.
Most people hold their birthday party on their birthdays. Usually, we hold my birthday party on Sunday next to the 22nd of March. Once or twice we went for a picnic on that day, but usually we celebrate it at home. We invite my friends and relatives to the party. I get up early in the morning on that day. My father and I go shopping to the district marketplace and supermarkets. We buy everything we need for the party. My mother stays at home to clean the flat and bake a pie and cakes. Then we lay the table together, put on evening suits and wait for the guests. At about four o'clock my relatives and friends come to congratulate me and I am glad to see them. They bring a bunch of roses for my mother and books, sweets and records for me. I thank my friends for coming and the presents. My aunts usually buy some clothes for me as a birthday present. We have an abundant dinner on this day. Mother brings the birthday cake and I blow the candles out. We dance and sing songs, make jokes and play games. When everybody is tired, we just lie on the floor and tell stories or just listen to the music in my room. I enjoy my birthday party and my friends like this day too.
172. 3 Топика по иностранному языку english
Разное

English educational system is quite different from what we have in Russia. It is class-divided. There some state schools and some private ones.
State schools are infant, junior or secondary. British boys and girls begin to go to school at the age of 5. They draw pictures, sing songs, listen to the stories and tales. British children begin to read and write when they enter the infant schools.
Young children are divided into two groups, according to their mental abilities. Children leave infant schools when they are 7. Then they go to study at junior schools where they learn to write, read and do mathematics. Their school subjects are History, English, Geography, Arithmetics, Arts, Music, Swimming and some others. When the pupils enter the junior schools they pass abilities test. According to the results of the test and thus their intellectual potential they are divided into three groups. Boys and girls spend four years studying at junior schools. Then they pass examinations again and enter the secondary schools. There different types of secondary schools in Britain. They are: grammar schools, modern schools and comprehensive schools. English boys and girls attend secondary schools from 11 till 16. They don't go to schools on Saturdays and Sundays. In the modern schools pupils do not learn foreign languages. In grammar schools pupils receive better theoretical education. And the other school type is comprehensive schools. Almot all secondary pupils ( around 90 per cent ) go there.
There are also private schools in England. Boys and girls do not study together there. It is common that aristocracy sons go to these schools and parents pay a lot of money for their education. These schools are called public.
Independent and preparatory schools are private ones too. They prepare children for public schools and take money for the training. The teachers of the private schools can pay more attention to each of the pupils personally. It is possible to enter the best English universities after leaving public schools. After finishing grammar schools pupils have good knowledge and may continue studying in colleges and universities. English pupils wear school uniform. It is one of the oldest country's traditions. A boy's uniform includes a school cap, a tie and a blazer. A girl's uniform consists of a hat, a coat, a skirt and a blouse. The uniforms vary from school to school. Usually, they are dark.
173. 4 топика по иностранному языку /english/
Разное
174. 4 Топика по иностранному языку english
Разное

The situation in agricultural system in Russia is not simple enough now. There are no state supported collective and state farms any more as it was during the Soviet period. Now there are agricultural joint-stock companies and individual farming. Russian agriculture is undergone the process of economical changes. It is rather difficult to survive in the conditions of deep economic crisis, especially for individual farmers. But we hope that country-men will overcome all the difficulties of our times and our agriculture will make steady advances, that will naturally mean better living standards for the Russian people.
175. 5 топиков по иностранному языку /english/
Разное

Within the Kremlin walls is one of the most striking and beautiful architectural ensembles in the world: a combination of churches and palaces, which are open to the public and are among the city's most popular tourist attractions, and the highest offices of the state, which are surrounded by strict security. Around the central Cathedral Square (Sobornaya Ploshchad) are grouped three magnificent cathedrals, superb examples of Russian church architecture at its height in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These and the other churches in the Kremlin ceased functioning as places of worship after the Revolution and are now museums. The white stone Cathedral of the Assumption (Uspensky Sobor) is the oldest, built in 1475-79 in the Italianate-Byzantine style. Its pure, simple, and beautifully proportioned lines and elegant arches are crowned by five golden domes. The Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of the 14th to the 18th century are buried there. Across the square is the Cathedral of the Annunciation (Blagoveshchensky Sobor), built in 1484-89 by craftsmen from Pskov; though burned in 1547, it was rebuilt in 1562-64. Its cluster of chapels is topped by golden roofs and domes. Inside are a number of early 15th-century icons attributed to Theophanes the Greek and to Andrey Rublyov, considered by many to be the greatest of all Russian icon painters. The third cathedral, the Archangel (Arkhangelsky), was rebuilt in 1505-08; in it are buried the princes of Moscow and tsars of Russia (except Boris Godunov) up to the founding of St. Petersburg.
176. 5 шагов для эффективной работы Совета Директоров
Разное

На практике нередко возникают ситуации, при которых совет директоров не может провести свои заседания и принять решения по экономически значимым для общества вопросам, в связи с тем, что некоторые члены совета директоров не были уведомлены о месте и времени проведения заседания, либо им не была предоставлена необходимая для принятия тех или иных решений информация. Это происходит потому, что у председателя совета директоров не всегда есть время на розыск и уведомление всех членов совета директоров о времени и месте проведения заседания, ведь некоторые члены совета директоров в силу своей деятельности в иных организациях могут отсутствовать по месту своего постоянного пребывания.
177. 50 вопросов и 50 ответов из христианско-психотерапевтической практики. Зло в мире и зло в человеке
Культура и искусство
178. 6 топиков по иностранному языку /english/
Разное
179. 7 золотых правил начинающего цветовода
Биология

Изучите самые «слабые места» ваших питомцев и научитесь распознавать возможные беды на ранних стадиях. Купив растение, тщательно осмотрите его на предмет вредителей, и если таковые имеются, немедленно примите меры. Не забывайте периодически устраивать «профосмотр» и старожилам. Лучшая профилактика болезней правильный полив и климатический режим, а также почва из магазина, в которой гарантировано отсутствие возбудителей. Чтобы избежать нашествия паутинных клещей, тлей и трипсов, регулярно устраивайте питомцам душ или обильно их опрыскивайте (кроме растений с опушенной листвой). Увядшие цветки и отмершие листья сразу удаляйте: они могут загнить, и гниль быстро распространится на все растение.
180. 7 топиков по иностранному языку /english/
Разное

There are some holidays in G.B. They are Christmas day, Boxing Day, new years day, Easter, mayday, spring bank holiday and simmer bank holiday. Public holidays in G.B. are called bank holidays because the banks as wall as most of the offices and shops are closed. The most popular holiday is Xmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London the present. It is a big Xmas tree and it stands in Trufalger square. Central streets are beautifully decorated. Before Xmas groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols traditional Xmas songs. Many churches hold a carol serves on the Sunday before Xmas. The fun starts the night before, on the 24 of December. This is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stocking at the end of their beds, hoping that Santa Claus will come at night and full them with toys and sweets. Xmas is a family holiday. Relatives prepare for the big Xmas dinner of turkey and Xmas pudding and every one gives and gets presents. The 26 of December, Boxing Day are an extra holiday after Xmas. This is the time to meet friends or sit at home and watch TV. New years day is less popular in Britain then Xmas. Besides public holidays there are some special holidays in Britain. One of them takes place on the 5 of November. On that day in 1605 Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the House of Parliament and kill a King James the first. But he didnt succeeded. The Kings man found the bomb and took Guy Fawkes to the tower. Sins what day the British celebrate the 5 of November.

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