Иностранные языки

301. Social democracy
Информация пополнение в коллекции 20.06.2010

In February 1938 the anti-Lang forces tasted victory, when they took possession of the offices of the Labor Daily. Behind the scenes the Political Bureau of the CPA discussed the situation and devised «a plan covering the taking over of the Labor Daily and replacement of various members of the staff». The price of victory was the repayment of a loan which Lang had earlier made to the newspaper. The Labor Council decided to make a clean break and to change the format and name of the newspaper. What emerged in late 1938 was the Daily News. To bankroll this undertaking Hughes called on a rather unusual source. For some time Hughes had been cultivated by the general manager of the Bank of New South Wales, Sir Alfred Davidson, a forward-looking banker who made a habit of selecting and promoting talented young people. Davidson had been appalled by Lang's hostility to the banks while Premier and made overtures to Lang's enemies on both the right and left. For example, Davidson paid for an organising tour by Hughes of interstate trade union centres when the anti-Lang forces were trying to influence the ALP federal executive. Davidson apparently looked on Hughes as a possible national Labor leader with whom he could garner some influence. In establishing the Daily News Hughes used his influence with Davidson to get a substantial bank loan. A version of the Hughes-Davidson relationship appeared in Lang's autobiography in which Lang said that in 1938 Davidson invited the visiting British Labour figure, Ernest Bevin, to a dinner with Hughes, Evans, Lloyd Ross and F. O'Neill, all Labor dissidents. At the time, however, Hughes' contact with Sir Alfred Davidson was by no means public. The unusual alliance between a communist and a top banker was one of the odd consequences of the CPA's underground work in the Labor Party.
302. Socrates' conception of philosophy
Сочинение пополнение в коллекции 13.06.2010
303. Some problems of accentual structure in English
Курсовой проект пополнение в коллекции 14.01.2011

There are actually as many: degrees of stress in a word as there are syllables. A.C.Gimson, for example, shows the distribution of the degrees of stress in the word examination. The opinions of phoneticians differ as to how many degrees of stress are linguistically relevant in, a word. The British linguists usually distinguish three degrees of stress in the word. The primary stress is the strongest, it is marked by number 1 in the, word examination, the secondary stress is the second strongest marked by 2. All the other degrees are termed weak stress. Unstressed syllables are supposed to have weak stress. The American scholars В.Bloch and G.Trager find
four contrastive degrees of word stress, namely: loud, reduced loud, medial and weak stresses. Other American linguists also distinguish four degrees of word stress but term them: primary stress, secondary stress, tertiary stress and weak stress. The difference between the secondary and tertiary stresses is very subtle and: seems subjective. The criteria of their difference are very vague. The second pretonic syllables of such words as libe'ration, ,recog'nition are marked by secondary stress in RP, in General American they are said to have a tertiary stress. In GA a tertiary stress also affects the suffixes -оrу, -ary, -ony of nouns and the suffixes -ate, -ize, -y of verbs, which are considered unstressed in RP e.g. 'territory, 'cere,mony, 'dictio,nary, 'demonst,rate, 'orga,nize, 'simpli,fy. British linguists do not always deny the existence of tertiary stress as a tendency to use a tertiary stress On a post-tonic syllable in RP is also traced. However, the British conception of three degrees of word stress is accepted as the teaching norm.
304. Sport and recreation in the United States
Курсовой проект пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

The United States has traditionally been a very successful player in international sports events. The Olympic Games are the highlight of international competition. The United States has had the pleasure to host Olympic winter or summer Games on seven occasions. The Centennial Games of the Olympic Movement took place in Atlanta in 1996. The Games were one of the largest in history so far, featuring almost 11.000 competitors. The U.S. Olympic Team has always performed very well and again finished first in the final medal standings in 1996 and in 2000. The next Olympic Winter Games will be hosted by Salt Lake City in 2002. Hosted by Athens the next Olympic Summer Games will take place in Greece in August 2004. Following the national trials the United States Olympic Committee nominates members of the Olympic team. The United States also participates in the Pan-American Games, the second largest sports event following the Olympic Games. They are held every four years preceding the Olympic Games. The Pan Am Games consists of all Summer Olympic sports, plus some non-Olympic sports. American athletes also compete in world championships and other international sports events. Cyclist Lance Armstrong won the prestigious Tour de France in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi have counted among the top tennis players in the world for many years. Tiger Woods dominates the international golf scene. Track athletes Michael Johnson, Maurice Greene, and Marion Jones are the fastest sprinters in the world. These and many more American sports heroes rank among the country's best-known celebrities. The modern Olympics also have female competitors from 1900 onward, though women at first participated in considerably fewer events. [14, www.usinfo.pl/aboutusa/ ...].
305. Sport in different countries of the world
Контрольная работа пополнение в коллекции 16.11.2010

Football, also called soccer, is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own Football Leagues and national teams. There are two main prizes each season. Games are played on Saturday afternoons from August to April. The football league championship is won by the team that is top of the first division. In addition to the FL games there is a competition called the Football Association Cup. The Cup Final is played at Wembley Stadium (London) in May. Some of the best-known clubs in England are Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal. But many clubs have problems with money at the moment. Some people say that the league is too big and that the players get paid too much. Others say that television is making the crowds stay at home.
306. Sport in the United Kingdom
Информация пополнение в коллекции 25.05.2010
307. Sport is an Essential Part of Life
Информация пополнение в коллекции 13.03.2006

In the Soviet Union junior sport was well-developed. There were many sport clubs, stadiums, grounds and gyms all over the country. Many competitions between schools took place in every town. In our clubs the best coaches worked. Among the sports popular in our country are football, basketball, swimming, volleyball, ice hockey, tennis, gymnastics, and figure skating. A person can choose sports and games for any seasons and for any taste. Unfortunately the situation has changed to the worse in the nineties. If an athlete wants to reach a good result he has to train abroad. Many qualified coaches left Russia, because of the material factor. The number of free sports clubs for children reduced greatly. More childrens clubs became paid ones. Many stadiums and gyms were changed into markets and shops. Some talented athletes cant regularly participate in competitions because they must go to other towns and live there at their own expenses, paying for the tickets, hotels and meals with their own money. Sports equipment and sports clothes are rather expensive, too.
308. Sport: general, in Britain
Вопросы пополнение в коллекции 28.07.2010
309. St. Petersburg State Museum of theatre and music
Дипломная работа пополнение в коллекции 07.01.2012

. Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music is located in the historical centre of the city, in the building, which belongs to one of the most splendid architectural ensembles of the city - the ensemble of Alexandrinsky Theatre. This architectural masterpiece, as well as the street, bearing nowadays the name of its creator, was built by the great Carlo Rossi.1840 in one of the buildings, surrounding the Theatre, the office of the Imperial Theatres Management settled. It was here that the fate of Russian Theatre was decided. Here the contracts with famous actors were signed. Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Alexander Ostrovsky, Anton Chekhov and other great men of Russian theatre brought here their works to be produced on the stage.1918 the Management was reorganized and it was decided to organize the first Theatre museum in St. Petersburg. The decree about the museum was confirmed by the People's Commissar of Enlightenment Anatoly Lunacharsky. But in fact, the Theatre Museum was founded in 1908 when in Saint-Petersburg "First Russian Theatre exhibition" was opened in the premises of Panaev Theatre. There for the first time different exhibits, later on made up the base of the present collection of the Museum, were presented to the public.basis of the museum archives was formed by the private collections of the celebrated Alexandrinsky Theatre actors Ivan Gorbunov, Maria Savina, Vladimir Davydov, and the people who were close to the Theatre - Anatoly Molchanov, Vladimir Protopopov, Levky Zheverzheyev, Sergey Svetlov, as well as the archives of the Imperial Theatres Management.first exhibition opened for the visitors on 16 May 1921. The year 1971 was marked by the creation of the museum's first branch - the N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov Museum (Zagorodny Prospekt, 28), where, in the apartment # 39, the last 15 years of the great composer's life had passed. In 1975 the F.I.Chaliapin Museum in the celebrated singer's former house (Ul.Graftio, 2b) opened. In 1985 the museum received the State Collection of Musical Instruments. In 1989 the museum was given one more building - the palace of Counts Sheremetev, the famous Fountain House, built in the 18 century. (Nab.Fontanki, 34). When the State Collection of Musical Instruments moved to the Palace, the branch became known as the Museum of Music in the Sheremetev Palace. In 1994 the other branch - the Actors Samoilov Family Museum opened in the house # 8 on Ul.Stremyannaya.first two years of the museum's existence were the period of intensive collecting. As early as in 1923 the following departments opened for the visitors: drama, ballet, opera, set modeling, set design, theatrical books, posters and placards. It was planned to open the departments of circus, cinema, foreign theatre and foreign actors in Russia. However, subsequently the museum's mission became to collect and display the materials, mainly connected with the history of Russian drama theatre. When the new musical branches (the Rimsky-Korsakov and Chaliapin Museums) opened and the museum received the State Collection of Musical Instruments, the history of music and musical theatre became an important direction of the museum's activities.museum and its branches offer various tours and lectures on the history of theatre, audio and video-concerts, meetings with outstanding actors, artists, musicians, small-scale productions, one-man shows, chamber concerts. As a cultural and educational centre, the museum receives more than 100 000 people annually.all the buildings of the museum there are halls where concerts and performances, meetings with famous actors and singers, musicians and artists, take place. The museum's aim is to connect the past and the present. The museum not only preserves the memory of the old art, but also is a hospitable house for the modern art and probably a cradle for the art of the future. Non-surprisingly, a considerable number of productions, subsequently famous, were first presented here, and many future celebrities made their debut here.
310. St. Uspenska Pochaevska Laura
Статья пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

On Russ St. icon of the Mother of God had brought from Constantinople Greek metropolitan Ieofit. Traveling across Volynia, metropolitan for has stopped in manor Url for rest at pious orthodox women named Anna Goyskaya. Having asked some days, metropolitan has blessed and has left to her it for shown hospitality icon st. of the Virgin. In 1597 in Annas manor there was a miracle Annas brother Philipp, has burned blind, has recovered from icon of Gods Mother.
311. ST.-PETERBURG
Информация пополнение в коллекции 06.07.2010
312. Stanley Bruce's great industrial relation blunder
Информация пополнение в коллекции 20.06.2010

Representing the elite of Vaucluse and Rose Bay, he had expected to be invited to join the Cabinet on the death of Pratten. Instead Bruce selected one of his most vocal critics H.S. Gullett. To make matters worse, he gave him the portfolio that Marks wanted most, trade and customs. It was Gullett who took over film censorship. That was Marks' particular hobby. For two years Marks had presided over a Royal Commission, which had inquired into the film industry. He had travelled abroad. In Hollywood he had been feted by the stars. He met Gloria Swanson, Clara Bow and Joan Crawford. There was even a suggestion that he might be invited to leave his footprints in concrete. On his return he spoke for hours about his thrilling experiences. He was full of plans. But Bruce put his report into a pigeon-hole. Marks was very upset about the withdrawal of the John Brown prosecution. He knew the Baron. Some of his clients had money invested in his mines. The Baron had even bought him a bottle of beer at Randwick. But still Marks thought the law should have taken its course.
313. Stereotypes influences on economic relations between the European Union countries and Russian Federa...
Информация пополнение в коллекции 21.11.2007

The uncertainty with regard to the prospects of Russian democracy seems to have been induced by the following three factors. First, by the stereotypes juxtaposing Russian and European values as incompatible. Second, by the Soviet syndrome. Third, by the mistakes made by the Russian leaders in the past decade (the use of force for resolving Russia's internal political crisis in October 1993; the warfare in Chechnya; implementation of controlled democracy) which impelled Europe to question Russia's adherence to democratic principles. The EU countries, as well as Western countries as a whole, however, were not impartial observers and they often showed neglectful and cynical attitude toward Russia's vested interests. On the one hand, they flouted the premise that Russian democracy could only succeed under the conditions of favorable external environment instilled by them; on the other, they showed distrust to the future democratic transformations in Russia giving preference to stability rather than democracy in Russian society. The absence of any long-term concept of the relations between Russia and the European Union and the strategic objectives determining their current policies is worked as the main obstacle preventing Russia and the European Union from working out the principles of effective policy with regard to one another. The last reasons are internal political development in Russia and fears of its Western partners concerning the direction in which it is moving. One of the most widely spread Western stereotypes is that there is an unfathomable, an almost genetic, gap between the Russian and EU values. It is said that Russians have an inbred tendency for authoritarianism. Large-scale study on the image of Russian business abroad, carried out by the Center of Knowledge Management (CKM) of the Mikhailov and Partners Company bears witness to the highly skeptical relationship of the West towards all that is happening in Russia. Undoubtedly, there is an objective premise for this. But at the same time, the negative perceptions of many processes and occurrences in Russian business are based upon antiquated stereotypes, the tendencies of mass media and unavoidable projections of the image of the country in the reputation of its corporate citizens. The fundamental factor currently determining the perceptions of Russian business abroad is Russia's image, which unfortunately still has a negative influence In contrast to prominent foreign transnational companies, Russian business is still not able to distance itself from its country's image because it does not have an image of its own. It is perceived in the West through the prism of many unfavorable stereotypes, some arising from the time of the “cold war” (the KGB, the enemy of Western Democracy, totalitarianism), some from the time of reform (criminals, corruption, the politicization of business, imperial ambitions), and others during the presidency of Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin. A poll taken in 2003 at the request of the Putin government highlighted the depths of the problem. Europeans were asked to name 10 things they associate with Russia. Most of the audience named communism, the KGB, snow and the mafia. A single positive association - Russian art and culture - appeared last in the list.
314. Strategic Planning
Контрольная работа пополнение в коллекции 24.02.2011
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computacenter
2. http://www.computacenter.com/who_we_are/
3. JOHNSON G., SCHOLES K., WHITTINGTON R. 2010. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th edn. Pearson Education Limited
4. IT Industry, Information Technology Industry. http://www.economywatch.com/business-and-economy/information-technology-industry.html
5. THE ECONOMIST INTELLIGANCE UNIT LIMITED.2009. Resilience amid turmoil. Benchmarking IT industry competitiveness 2009. [WWW]. http://www.eiu.com/PublicDefault.aspx.
6. GRAHAM, T. 2007. Cima Exam Practice Kit Management Accounting Business Strategy. Burlington: Elsevier.
7. Annual Report Computacenter.2009.
8. PORTER, M. 2008. On competition. Updated and expanded edition. Printed in the United States of America: A Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
9. COMPUTACENTER APPLICANTSGUIDE
10. http://www.computacenter.com/services/transform/datacentre_technology_optimisation/datacentre_current_state_assessment.asp
11. HYDER, A.S. ABRAHA, D. 2003. Strategic alliances in Eastern and Central Europe. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M % 26A
13. KHANNA, T. GULATI, R. NOHRA, N. The dynamic of Learning Alliance: Competition, Cooperation, and Relative Scope. Strategic Management Journal. 19. 1998. P. 193210
14. BETZ, F. 2001. Executive Strategy: Strategic Management and Information Technology. New York: John Wiley& Sons, Inc.
15. http://www.computacenter.com/who_we_are/quality/
16. http://www.computacenter.com/services/transform/datacentre_technology_optimisation/datacentre_current_state_assessment.asp
17. Harvard Business School Press. 2006. Essentials of strategy. Printed in the United States of America
315. Structural and semantic peculiarities of the texts of the council of Europe official documents and their translation into ukrainian
Курсовой проект пополнение в коллекции 30.04.2012

Todays fast-changing world is gradually turning into a single social and economic environment where everything that happens in one country influences the life of people in other countries. In Europe integrative processes are based around the activities of the European Union and the Council of Europe. CoE is an international organization promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation. The main official documents of CoE are conventions. Apart from them, a solid foundation for its activities has been formed by resolutions, charters, decisions, declarations, recommendations and other administrative documents.of CoE official documents belong to the official style of language. The main functions of these documents are advisory and regulatory. They are aimed at imposing obligations and giving recommendations on what measures should be taken by a member state to meet CoE standards and principles. Thats why such documents have logical, official, precise, stereotypical and imperative character. According to their dominant communicative intention, structural and semantic characteristics, texts of CoE documents can be divided into 1) texts of binding documents (conventions, statutes, treaties, agreements); 2) texts of binding documents with the titles resolution and recommendation; 3) texts of informative documents (declarations, statements, press releases). For the purposes of our study, we focused on the texts of the Council of Europe administrative documents: resolutions of the Parliamentary Assembly and recommendations of the Committee of Ministers., on the structural level texts of CoE resolutions and recommendations have an invariable form. They consist of certain structural parts: the title, the preamble, the main part and the concluding part. The preamble is characterized by a precise text organization: it is a complex sentence (with an average length of 214 words), introduced by a subject phrase followed by a number of parallel infinitive or participial constructions, each of which begins with an introductory word and forms a paragraph. It comprises the opening clauses, the central clauses and the closing sentences. The central clauses of the cm recommendation are divided into parts and paragraphs, the text of the PACE resolution consists of paragraphs. Long compound and complex sentences dominate in this part of CoE official documents. The impersonal sentences, infinitive and participial constructions are also widely used there. Apart from that, texts of CoE administrative documents are characterized by the neutralization of meaning of the Present Indefinite and the Present Perfect forms in the predicate of the preamble and the preference to use the Present Indefinite Tense and modal verbs should, would in the central clauses. All this determines the reference of these texts to the denotative future.to their nature and communicative purposes CoE official documents are to be precise and all-inclusive. Their language is impersonal. The word-stock of CoE resolutions and recommendations consist of learned and neutral words which correlate with the terminological and special vocabulary as well as with shortenings, abbreviations, non-assimilated words and word-combinations of Latin and French origin. Precision, clarity and unambiguity are the most essential features of the style of international agreements. That is why the words are used in their logical dictionary meaning, neologisms are not typical, the use of synonyms is limited. As a result a special system of clichés and set expressions is prolific in these texts.to special legal and political status of this international organization and development of integrative processes in Europe, texts of CoE documents have the following peculiarities: 1) their language is milder than the language of international agreements, with models bearing the character of statement and recommendation; 2) verbs of deontic modality shall, will and must are seldom used in their texts, they are replaced by should, would and may; 3) their language is influenced by the EuroEnglish.detailed analysis of the texts of CoE official documents makes it possible to draw the conclusion that communicative purposes of these documents as well as requirements and restrictions on their drafting are of crucial importance to the selection of language means and the ways of their usage.
316. Studies lexical material of English
Дипломная работа пополнение в коллекции 06.06.2010
So far we have been talking about lexical chunks as if they were a single al chunks undifferentiated category. But there are different types of chunks and different degrees of 'chunkiness'. Of the different types, the following are the most important for teaching purposes:
1. collocations such as widely travelled; rich and famous; make do with; set the table
2. phrasal verbs such as get up; log on; run out of; go on about
3. idioms, catchphrases and sayings such as hell for leather; get cold feet; as old as the hills; mind your own business; takes one to know one
4. sentence frames such as would you mind if... ?; the thing is ...; I'd... if I were you; what really gets me is ...
5. social formulae such as see you later; have a nice day; yours sincerely
6. discourse markers such as frankly speaking; on the other hand; I take your point; once upon a time; to cut a long story short...
317. Stylistic analysis of the part of the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier
Информация пополнение в коллекции 27.12.2007

Stylistic syntax. The style of any work as well as the style of the any author is substantially defined by the syntax. The syntactic organization of speech is one of the basic means of the literary art. There are a lot of devices of the stylistic syntax in the analyzable text fragment. Repetition the stylistic device which serves to emphasize the state of the personage or character overcome by strong emotions. The author draws our attention to something. The repetitions are quite often met in REBECCA. In the given part of the text we meet the line He wanted to show me Manderley... two times. Du Maurier accented the readers attention on that because the fact, that Maxim wanted to show the narrator his manor, is very important for the main heroine. From the childhood she was dreaming to see that wonderful house and now she could be an owner of it. And it is important that Maxim wanted to it her. His patrimonial manor is extremely significant for him. And the fact that he wanted to show Manderley her meant for the narrator that she is important for him. The line Mrs de Winter. I would be Mrs de Winter is met three times. The narrator repeated that phrase for two reasons. On the one hand, the heroine could not believe that she would be Maxims wife and so she repeated it to herself. On the other hand, with every repetition she enjoyed the understanding that it all would happen with her. And thus she tried to get used that soon she would began to play a new role she would a wife of the rich person of consequence instead of being the underpaid companion for the old lady. And besides the line Mrs de Winter. I would be Mrs de Winter is so-called repetition in the repetition because this line illustrates the repetition itself but it also contains a repeated element Mrs de Winter: Mrs de Winter. I would be Mrs de Winter. This element has the same function as well as all line, but owing to its double repetition we meet it in the text six times so the author six times accented readers attention on the dreams of the narrator about her future married life. The similar repeated element can be mentioned in the line: People, always a throng of people. But in the first example this element stronger, because it represents the nominative sentence by itself, it breaks one semantically homogeneous phrase on two parts.
318. Stylistic phonetics based on the examples of the works by P.B. Shelley
Информация пополнение в коллекции 29.11.2010
So, the poem «To the Men of England» was investigated from the point of work of the most widely used expressive means and stylistic devices, with the help of the works of different linguists and phoneticians, both Russian and foreign. After this investigation the following summaries can be made:
1. Among all the stylistic devices and expressive means, the phonetic ones are the most powerful, because they can produce any emotional effect that an author wishes, they can add solemnity or severity to an utterance or make it imperative, loom or worrying, or, on the contrary, gentle and pleasant.
2. Phonetic expressive means, such as intonation, stresses, pitch of the voice or speech tempo and tamber are mainly introduced in oratory speech or while reading aloud and they are considered to be changeable ones. Thats why in writing one can come across only phonetic stylistic devices. Phonetic expressive means are introduced in writing with the help of syntactical stylistic devices of different repetitions, rhetorical questions, parallel constructions and so on, and also with the help of graphical means of exclamation and question marks, commas, dashes and points. Thats why sometimes authors introduce their own, authors punctuation, aiming at emphasizing the thoughts or points they want the reader to pay special attention to or to think about.
3. Speaking about Shelley works, their mastery through the use of the phonetic stylistic devices can not be denied. Through his strikingly beautiful prose and poetry he conveys a message of hope and aspiration, though he has been criticized for his obscure symbolism and arrogance.
4. In the song «To the Men of England» Shelley pays special attention to rhymes, especially to full or perfect rhymes, and also to alliteration. With the help of alliteration he makes his stanzas sound imperative and also gives them a colouring of bitter irony. The rhyming scheme of the poem is couplet, which is the most melodical one. [9]
5. There are imperfect compound rhymes in the two first stanzas and in the last one. These compound or broken rhymes produce an effect of sinister warning.
6. There is no cases of direct or indirect onomatopoeia in the poem, but the choice of sounds, especially of consonants [w], [r], [s] makes the poem sound loom and sinister and on the same time quite melodically, so it is even called song.
7. Throughout the poem the archaic form of the pronoun «ye» was used. The use of this archaic form makes the atmosphere of the poem more solemn and also produces a certain melodical effect, since the sound [i] repeats quite often throughout it.
319. Subject: ways of expressing the sentence
Дипломная работа пополнение в коллекции 05.05.2011

The notion of the Subject in the grammatical theory of the English language can be presented very briefly and clearly: it is the main part of a two-member sentence which is grammatically independent of the other parts of the sentence and on which the predicate is grammatically dependent. [8, 67]reason for calling the subject and the predicate the main parts of the sentence and distinguishing them from all the other parts which are treated as secondary, is roughly this. The subject and the predicate between them constitute the backbone of the sentence: without them the sentence would not exist at all, whereas all the other parts may or may not be there, and if they are there, they serve to define or modify either the subject, or the predicate, or each other. [10, 205]linguistic experiment to prove the correctness of this work would be to take a sentence containing the subject, a predicate, and a number of secondary parts, and to show that any of the secondary parts might be removed without the sentence being destroyed, whereas if either the subject or the predicate were removed there would be no sentence left: its backbone would be broken. This experiment would probably succeed and prove the point in a vast majority of cases.question now arises: what criteria do we practically apply when we say that a word (or, sometimes, a phrase) is the subject of a sentence? [10, 206]grammatical phenomenon of the subject in English has been examined by a number of linguists, philologists and grammatical experts both of English and foreign origin in different epochs. This notion is defined in various interpretations; still the common backbone is identified in all of them. Lets retrace this common thread, kept in all the definitions of the subject.Greenbaum in The Oxford English Grammar notes that the subject of a sentence is the constituent that normally comes before the verb in a declarative sentence and changes position with the operator in an interrogative sentence. It is applicable, the verb agrees in number and person with the subject (I am ready): the subject I is first person singular and so is am [2,305]Roberts in Understanding Grammar presents the subject as the element stressed or the new element added to the discourse end in complexities that are interesting philosophically but useless grammatically. The beginners device to find the subject is first to find the verb and then ask who? or what before it. When the subject is very specific (e.g. a proper name), we may even invert the normal word order without befuddling out listeners. [6, 405]brief definitions of the subject are presented by Richard Gardiner and Timothy Cobb in Todays English Grammar from one side, and by Geoffrey Leech in An A-Z of English Grammar and Usage from the other side.Todays English Grammar the authors state that the word indicating the person or thing referred to is called the subject of the sentence. [1, 202]Leech, in his turn, notes that the subject is a grammatical term for the past of a clause or sentence which generally goes before the verb phrase (in statements). [5, 413]philologists, such as Kaushanskaya in «Грамматика английского языка», say that the subject is the principal part of a two-member sentence which is grammatically independent of the other parts of the sentence and on which the second principal part (the predicate) is grammatically dependent, i.e. in most cases it agrees with the subject in number and person. The subject can denote a living being, a lifeless thing or an idea. [13, 115]to I. P. Krylova in A Grammar of Present Day the subject is a word or a group of words which names the person, object or phenomenon the sentence informs us about. [14,85], we can identify the following common points:) the subject is normally a noun phrase or a clause with nominal function;) the subject occurs before the verb phrase in declarative clauses, and immediately after the operator in questions;) the subject has number and person concord, where applicable, with the verb phrase. [3, 158]
320. Sydney burning
Информация пополнение в коллекции 30.06.2010

The dogmas which had hobbled Ernie Judd as a leader of the Socialist Labor Party, in the days before he was swept up in the great mass campaigns for the One Big Union and the Release of the Twelve, returned in even greater strength; he ended his days as a cantankerous stump orator, preaching the truths of De Leonism to a dwindling handful of the converted. Tom Mutch late in life became interested in history and genealogy; unfortunately, his papers in the Mitchell Library contain few reminders of the days when his world was wide. Jock Garden became a leading propagandist for Jack Lang in the hectic years of the depression and the "Lang Plan"; later, he was discreditably involved (when acting as secretary to a Federal Labor Minister) in a scandal involving timber leases in New Guinea. Tom Barker worked for some time for various Soviet agencies; eventually he settled in London. After World War II he became a Labour councillor in the borough of St Pancras (and, aged 77, still was at the time of writing). He was the only Lord Mayor to refuse to wear the mayoral robes, and on one occasion scandalised the Labor Party by flying the Red Flag over the St Pancras Town Hall. On the morning of March 22, 1921, while King and Reeve were still in gaol, Jack Brookfield stepped off the Broken Hill express at Riverton, where the train had stopped for breakfast. A Russian named Tomayev ran amok on the platform and fired off forty-one shots from a revolver, scattering the crowd. Brookfield and a police constable rushed Tomayev; Brookfield got two bullets in the stomach, and died that evening in Adelaide hospital. Tomayev later said probably falsely that he had been paid Ј100 to kill Brookfield. The poet Mary Gilmore wrote:

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