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  • 641. Drinking: Alcoholism
    Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Alcohol-related job performance problems are caused not only by on-the-job drinking but also by heavy drinking outside of work (15,19). Ames and colleagues (15) found a positive relationship between the frequency of being "hungover" at work and the frequency of feeling sick at work, sleeping on the job, and having problems with job tasks or co-workers. The hangover effect was demonstrated among pilots whose performance was tested in flight simulators. Yesavage and Leirer (20) found evidence of impairment 14 hours after pilots reached blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of between 0.10 percent and 0.12 percent. Morrow and colleagues (21) found that pilots were still significantly impaired 8 hours after reaching a BAC of 0.10 percent. Drinking at work, problem drinking, and frequency of getting "drunk" in the past 30 days were positively associated with frequency of absenteeism, arriving late to work or leaving early, doing poor work, doing less work, and arguing with co-workers (19).

  • 642. Drowning Pool
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Песня "Bodies", изданная синглом, вскоре стала гимном современной американской молодежи, а продажи самого альбома перевалили за миллионную отметку. После выхода пластинки "Drowning pool" выступили на "Оззфесте", а затем отправились в длительное турне под названием "Music as a Weapon Tour" в компании с такими коллективами как " Disturbed", " Adema" и " Stereomud". На следующий год команда вновь оказалась в числе участников "Ozzfest". Во время него музыканты записали кавер " Металлики" "Creeping Death" для включения его в альбом, посвященный фестивалю, "Ozzfest 2002". Планировалось также начать сессии для второго полнометражного диска, но тут случилась трагедия. 14 августа Дэйв Вильямс был найден мертвым в автобусе, на котором группа разъезжала на гастролях.

  • 643. Drug abuse: Tendencies and ways to overcome it
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Typically, drug cartels and syndicates are highly organized. Present in the organizations are: strict and precise distribution of functions; very rigid hierarchies; internal discipline maintained by interest, authority and force; stringent conspiracy; ramified networks of groups bound by firm organizational ties; branches existing and functioning in various countries; contacts with other criminal groups (counterfeiters, smugglers, murderers etc.); the use of professional criminals; the internationalization of group members; and, the use of violence to meet the desired ends. To protect their huge profits and spheres of interest, the subjects of narco-criminals stop at nothing and employ violent means, such as the contract murders of their rivals and of law enforcement agents. The money brought by the trade in drugs is often used to finance dangerous crimes and acts of terrorism. It becomes a source, which finances subversive activities of all kinds. Profits obtained from the drug trade make it possible to finance large-scale armed operations against government forces (like in Columbia or Mexico). Profit gained from the drug trade is often compared with the profits earned by whole industries. The drug trade is regarded as the world's second largest economy. All this enables drug dealers not only to pay generously for the participation in crimes but also to set up a common financial fund, a common bank, so to speak. Narco-money is also used to exert influence on policy-making, particularly, by nominating the associates of drug dealers to key posts in the economy and politics or by bribing persons who already hold such posts and turning them into supporters of the drugs trade. These financial investments are reinforced by threats of violence against them or their close relatives (wives, children or parents). This proves convincingly that narco-crime is a well organized and well planned business incorporating the mutually inter-related criminal activities of individuals, groups, associations, syndicates and cartels with a division of mutually interrelated functions. This is the reason to regard this kind of crime as a variety of organized crime. Some researchers believe that drug profits are the economic foundation of organized crime. This can be seen in comparison of elements forming narco- and organized crimes. To get a clear understanding of the elements of the latter it is necessary to look in retrospect at the history of organized crime. While crime and drug addiction have been known to the world for at least several centuries, the existence of organized crime has been officially recognized quite recently, only in this century. Yet both national and foreign researchers date the origin of this phenomenon, in one way or another, to a much earlier period.

  • 644. Drum_and_Bass
    Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Среда Главным образом drum and bass это форма танцевальной музыки, предназначенная для прослушивания в ночных клубах. Он проявляет полный частотный диапазон и физичность, которую часто нельзя полностью оценить на домашнем оборудовании. Как и соответствует названию, элемента баса сильно выделяется, в отличие от других жанров танцевальной музыки. Поэтому требуется специальное звуковое оборудование для полного восприятия drum and bass музыки, а ночные клубы как раз обладают особенно сильными системами, выделяющими басы. Отсюда, drum and bass обычно прослушивается при помощи диджеев. Поскольку большинство треков пишутся для лёгкого сведения диджеем, их структура отражает предназначение, с интро- и аутро-частями для битмэтчинга диджеями, а не для прослушивания полностью слушателями. Диджей обычно миксует так, чтобы не потерять непрерывный бит. Также диджей может использовать типичные для хип-хопа «скрэтчи», двойные дропы (где два трека сводятся так, что делают дроп в один и тот же момент) и «ривайнды». Большинство точек сведения начинаются или заканчиваются там, где происходит «дроп». Дроп место, где происходит изменение ритма или баса, а после происходит выход брейкбита. Часто дроп используют для перехода между треками, сводя компоненты различных треков. Некоторые дропы так популярны, что диджей перемотает пластинку и проиграет дроп снова. Этой техникой не следует злоупотреблять, так как она нарушает непрерывность сета. Диджеи часто сопровождаются одним или более эм си (MC), этот элемент идёт из корней жанра, музыки хип-хоп и регги. Связь с другими жанрами электронной музыки В последнее время образовались отдельные сцены, и жанр больше разделился на отдельные под-жанры, среди которых: Драмфанк (Drumfunk) Хардстеп (Hardstep) Intelligent drum and bass (атмосферный drum and bass) Джаз степ (Jazz step или JazznBass) Джамп-ап (Jump-up) Джангл (Jungle) Ликвид фанк (Liquid funk) Тэк-степ (Techstep) Неурофанк (Neurofunk) Этот список не классифицирует drum and bass полностью, и многие продюсеры в своих продукциях затрагивают многие перечисленные стили. Drill and bass, поджанр Intelligent dance music («IDM»), популяризованный Aphex Twin'ом, включает большинство ритмов, используемых в drum and bass, и фокусируется на сложном программировании и инструментах. Сторонниками направления являются Snares, Hrvatski и многие другие.

  • 645. Duran Duran
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Позаимствовав свое название у персонажа культового фантастического фильма 60-х "Barbarella", эта английская группа достигла глобальной известности в начале 80-х благодаря ряду броских синт-поп мелодий, сильному визуальному имиджу и хорошему промоушену на MTV, где постоянно крутились клипы "Duran Duran". Классический состав команды выглядел так: вокалист Саймон Ле Бон (р. 27 октября 1958, Баши, Англия), клавишник Ник Родс (Николас Джеймс Бэйтс, р. 8 июня 1962, Бирмингем, Англия), гитарист Энди Тейлор (р. 16 февраля 1961, Уолверхэмптон, Англия), басист Джон Тейлор (Найджел Джон Тейлор, р. 20 июня 1960, Бирмингем, Англия) и ударник Роджер Тейлор (р. 26 апреля 1960, Бирмингем, Англия, не тот, который из " Queen"). Сформированный в 1978-м Родсом и Джоном Тейлором, ранний вариант группы включал Саймона Колли (бас, кларнет), Стивена Даффи (р. 30 мая 1960, Бирмингем, Англия; вокал), Энди Уикетта (вокал), Алана Кертиса (гитара), и Джеффа Томпсона. Их резиденцией стал бирмингемский ночной клуб "Rum Runner", а его владельцы Майкл и Пол Берроу стали первыми менеджерами ансамбля.

  • 646. Dyck, Sir Anthony van
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Dyck, Sir Anthony van (1599-1641). Apart from Rubens, the greatest Flemish painter of the 17th century. In 1609 he began his apprenticeship with Hendrick van Balen in his native Antwerp and he was exceptionally precocious. Although he did not become a master in the painters' guild until 1618, there is evidence that he was working independently for some years before this, even though this was forbidden by guild regulations. Probably soon after graduating he entered Rubens's workshop. Strictly speaking he should not be called Rubens's pupil, as he was an accomplished painter when he went to work for him. Nevertheless the two years he spent with Rubens were decisive and Rubens's influence upon his painting is unmistakable, although ven Dyck's style was always less energetic.

  • 647. Eagles
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    На место Лидона Азофф привел ещё одного своего подопечного - Джо Уолша. С его приходом у "Eagles" ощутился крен к хард-року. Особенно ярко это проявилось опять-таки на концертах, т.к. группа почти на год отошла от студийной работы. "Hotel California" записывался более полугода в нескольких студиях. Хитами стали практически все песни "New kid in town", "Life in the fast lane", "Victim of love", "The last resort". Но совместное творение Фрэя - Фелдера - Хенли затмевало все. Пять песен написал Хенли - и бразды лидерства перешли к нему. В течение всего года песня "Hotel California" лидировала во всех мыслимых чартах, и не было мгновения на земле, когда бы она не звучала где-нибудь в эфире. Увы, вершина - не только пик, но и начало спуска. Похоже, "Eagles" уверились, что им всё по плечу. Очередного диска пришлось ждать два года. За это время группу покинул Мейснер, вернувшись в "Poco". Вместо него пришёл Тимоти Шмидт. Идя на поводу у моды, музыканты принялись вовсю экспериментировать. Появились высокотембральные гитары, синтезаторы и саксофоны. Квинтэссенцией этого можно считать песню "Sad cafe". Но что-то главное пропало. Ну да на гребне "Hotel California" альбом был обречён на "платину", хотя и сам по себе он был неплохим. На концертах, однако, публика неистово требовала свою любимую. В итоге группа дала последнее грандиозное турне по Штатам, выпустила двойник "Eagles live", взявший традиционную "платину", и мирно разошлась. Прагматичные менеджеры официально объявили о распаде лишь в мае 1982-го

  • 648. Eakins, Thomas
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    He began teaching at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1876 and was attacked for his radical ideas, particularly his insistence on working from nude models. In 1886 he was forced to resign after allowing a mixed class to draw from a completely nude male model. Eakins's quest for realism led him to study anatomy and make full use of Muybridge's photographic researches, but the scientific bent in his work is of less importance than his honesty and depth of characterization. His portraits are often compared to Rembrandt's because of their dramatic play of sombre lighting and sense of inner truth. The most famous of his paintings is The Gross Clinic (Jefferson Medical Coll., Philadelphia, 1875), which aroused controversy because of its unsparing depiction of surgery, an experience that was repeated with The Agnew Clinic (University of Pennsylvania, 1889).

  • 649. Earth and Moon
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    The third planet from the sun is, in scientific terms, quite similar to the first two. In fact, the four planets of the inner solar system (Mercury , Venus , Earth and Mars ) all share rock and metal as their primary ingredients. Each of these so-called terrestrial planets has a solid surface, unlike the gaseous planets of the outer solar system.

  • 650. Earth, Wind and Fire
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Скооперировавшись с Ронни Ловсом (р. 3 октября 1950, Хьюстон, США; саксофон, гитара), Филипом Бэйли (р. 8 мая 1951, Денвер, США; вокал), Лэрри Данном (Лоренс Данхилл, р. 19 июня 1953, Колорадо, США; клавишные), Роландом Баттиста (гитара) и Джессикой Кливс (р. 1948; вокал), он организовывал новую команду "Earth, Wind And Fire". Мистическая атмосфера предыдущей группы сохранилась, но саунд был гораздо более сжатым. Альбомы 1973-1974 года "Head To The Sky" и "Open Our Eyes" имели большой успех в США. В 1975-м композиция "Shining Star" заняла верхнюю строчку в национальных хит-парадах и получила широкий отклик во всем мире. Сам альбом "That's The Way Of The World" также пользовался бешеным спросом. Эклектичная смесь соул и джаза была теперь соединена с непреодолимым ритмичным пульсом, в то время как сами песни стали более незабываемыми.

  • 651. Easter (Пасха)
    Информация пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

    Egg-rolling is a traditional Easter pastime which still flourishes in Britain. It takes place on Easter Sunday or Monday, and consists of rolling coloured, hard-boiled eggs down a slope until they are cracked and broken after which they are eaten by their owners. In some districts this is a competitive game. But originally egg-rolling provided an opportunity for divination. Each player marked his or her egg with an identifying sign and then watched to see how it sped down the slope. If it reached the bottom unscathed, the owner could expect good luck in the future, but if it was broken, unfortune would follow before the year was out, Eating hot cross buns at breakfast on Good Friday morning is a custom which is also flourishing in most English households. Formerly, these round, cakes marked with a cross, eaten hot, were made by housewives who rose at dawn; for the purpose, or by local bakers who worked through the night to have them ready for delivery to their customers in time for breakfast. There is an old belief that the true Good Friday bun that is, one made on the anniversary itself never goes moldy, if kept in a dry place. It was once also supposed to have curative powers, especially for ailments like dysentery, diarrhea, whooping cough, and the complaint known as "summer sickness". Within living memory, it was still quite usual in country districts for a few buns to be hung from the kitchen ceiling until, they are needed. When illness came the bun was finely grated and mixed with milk or water, to make a medicine, which the patient drank.

    1. Easter in Ukraine and Russia.
  • 652. Ecological problems and environmental protection
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

     

  • 653. Ecological problems in big cities, particular in Moscow. How can a contradiction between the technological progress and ecology be solved from my point of work?
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Some people say that we should better use bicycles, not to pollute the environment; I advise them to live in caves with out electricity and other technological conveniences, to protect the environment. But there are much more useful ideas of saving our planet and there is one thing which sums them up: - The main idea is that technology must help us to protect the environment which has already suffered from it. From that idea recycling factories were maid, different filters invented, people even started to invent alternative kinds of fuel, which are nearly harm less to the planet, and at least we think so at the moment. There are even cars maid, which are working on new fuel elements, this is how we have called these kind of fuel.

  • 654. Ecology
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    “Friends of the Earth” (FoE) is one of the British pressure groups with an international reputation. Its general aim is to conserve the planets resources and reduce pollution. FoE was established in 1971 and now it operated in 44 countries worldwide. It campaigns among other things, for recycling and renewable energy, and the destruction of wildlife and habitat. The main campaigning issues of the FoE are:

    • The protection of all animals and plants in danger of extinction.
    • An end to the destruction of wildlife and habitats.
    • A program of energy conservation measures, etc.
  • 655. Economic and sociological analysis of suicide
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Costs and benefits of love may be another social factor of suicide. In Johann Goethes "The Sorrows of Young Werther" the main character decides to die because the woman that he loves does not love him back. For him the cost of realization that his expected benefits of being together with her is very high and in addition to that the cost of seeing her happy with someone else made the character to shoot himself, for him that was the only way to stop his sorrows and the benefit of dying was much higher for him at that point. Unfortunate love of Romeo and Juliet for example led to their suicide, or in “Ethan Frome” the main character decides to slide into a tree with his beloved woman when his wife refused to let him go. For these characters the cost of living apart from each other was so high that they decided to die to be together in another life. Finally many young people kill themselves every year because of their love to some celebrity. Many attempt suicide after their object of affection died or also committed suicide. They do so because of a high expected benefit of being with him/ her in the afterlife and high cost of living without that person in their lives. E.g. watching that person on TV and realizing that he/she is gone. In the past, a person had to kill himself/herself when his/her spouse died. Examples are: wife of a well-known in the Roman history Caesar Brut swallowed pieces of burning coal when she found out about death of her husband. In India the custom “sati” - self-burning of the widow together with a body of the husband down to XIX of century was not simply sample for imitation, but also obligatory ritual

  • 656. Economic and sociological analysis of suicide )
    Реферат пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

    Costs and benefits of love may be another social factor of suicide. In Johann Goethes "The Sorrows of Young Werther" the main character decides to die because the woman that he loves does not love him back. For him the cost of realization that his expected benefits of being together with her is very high and in addition to that the cost of seeing her happy with someone else made the character to shoot himself, for him that was the only way to stop his sorrows and the benefit of dying was much higher for him at that point. Unfortunate love of Romeo and Juliet for example led to their suicide, or in “Ethan Frome” the main character decides to slide into a tree with his beloved woman when his wife refused to let him go. For these characters the cost of living apart from each other was so high that they decided to die to be together in another life. Finally many young people kill themselves every year because of their love to some celebrity. Many attempt suicide after their object of affection died or also committed suicide. They do so because of a high expected benefit of being with him/ her in the afterlife and high cost of living without that person in their lives. E.g. watching that person on TV and realizing that he/she is gone. In the past, a person had to kill himself/herself when his/her spouse died. Examples are: wife of a well-known in the Roman history Caesar Brut swallowed pieces of burning coal when she found out about death of her husband. In India the custom “sati” - self-burning of the widow together with a body of the husband down to XIX of century was not simply sample for imitation, but also obligatory ritual

  • 657. Economic crisis in Russia (Российский кризис 1998 года)
    Сочинение пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

    But the worst thing is that the economic crisis entailed the political crisis. Because, as one of the most famous writers, philosophers and politicians of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli said, "the only way to reach prosperity of the country is to have a firm, determined and intelligent leader, who will be an avatar of the majority's interests, and who will have a great estimation among the people". And the Russian president Boris Yeltsin has already lost all the consideration, and the things were getting worse and worse after the beginning of the crisis. The recent ordered murder of the famous deputy and democrat Galina Starovoytova was a signal that lawlessness in Russia has reached its apogee. She was among those few people, who performed real action. As a peacemaker she went to many "hot spots" and tried to stop the bloodshed. But she was a real obstacle for people who did not want human rights and laws to be the most precious thing. After this incident, all democratic parties have realised the necessity of joining their forces against their common enemies- communists and fascists. It may seem unbelievable, but at the end of XX-th century there is a serious threat of turning Russia into a nationalistic and fascist country, because the number of people (especially young) joining different nationalistic organisations. The opposition, which is always very active, would not hesitate a second if there would be a little chance to overtake the power.

  • 658. Economy of the Republic of Ireland
    Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Measuring Ireland's level of income per capita is a complicated issue. Ireland possesses the second highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world (US$43,600 as of 2006), behind Luxembourg, and the fifth highest Human Development Index, which is calculated partially on the basis of GDP per capita. However, many economists feel that GDP per capita is an inappropriate measure of national income for Ireland, as it neglects the fact that much income generated in Ireland belongs to multinational companies and eventually goes offshore.[23] Another measure, Gross National Income per head, takes account of this and therefore many economists feel it is a superior measure of income in the country. In 2005, the World Bank measured Ireland's GNI per head at $41,140 - the seventh highest in the world, sixth highest in Western Europe, and the third highest of any EU member state. Also, a study by The Economist found Ireland to have the best quality of life in the world.[24] This study employed GDP per capita as a measure of income rather than GNI per capita.

  • 659. Edge of Sanity
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    Запись "Nothing but death remains" проходила в знаменитой "Montezuma Studios", где творили такие известные банды как " Bathory", " Candlemass", " Therion", " Crematory" и им подобные. Однако первый диск "Edge of sanity" не произвел должного впечатления на металлическую общественность. Музыканты полностью компенсировали свою неудачу на втором альбоме "Unorthodox", выдав вполне качественный дэт. Решив, что этого пока достаточно Свано и компания на следующем диске пустились в эксперименты, заигрывая с готикой и хардкором. В следующем году в свет вышли EP "Until eternity ends" (содержавший кавер "Invisible sun" от " Police") и полнометражный альбом "Purgatory afterglow", на которых группа попыталась вернуться к агрессивности "Unorthodox".

  • 660. Edguy
    Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

    При записи третьего альбома, "Vain Glory Opera", ребятам из "Edguy" взялись помогать гитарист Тимо Толкки из " Stratovarius", выступивший в роли продюсера, а также Ханси Курш из " Blind guardian", исполнивший несколько вокальных партий. Бонке на некоторых сессиях этой пластинки подменял Франк Линденхолл. Далее последовали гастроли в компании соратников по цеху " Iron savior" и " Hammerfall". В 1999-м вышел очередной лонгплей, "Theater Of Salvation". К работе над ним музыканты хотели привлечь либо снова Толкки, либо знаменитого Кая Хансена. Однако ни тот не другой не удосужились поучаствовать в этом деле, и "Edguy" пришлось лишь довольствоваться совместными выступлениями с хансеновским " Gamma ray". А перед этим команда размялась, играя на разогреве у " Hammerfall" и " U.D.O.".