Разное

801. Fragonard, Jean-Honoré
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

He travelled and drew landscapes with Hubert Robert and responded with especial sensitivity to the gardens of the Villa d'Este at Tivoli, memories of which occur in paintings throughout his career. In 1765 he became a member of the Academy with his historical picture in the Grand Manner Coroesus Sacrificing himself to Save Callirhoe (Louvre, Paris). He soon abandoned this style, however, for the erotic canvases by which he is chiefly known (The Swing, Wallace Collection, London, c. 1766). After his marriage in 1769 he also painted children and family scenes. He stopped exhibiting at the Salon in 1767 and almost all his work was done for private patrons. Among them was Mme du Barry, Louis XV's most beautiful mistress, for whom he painted the works that are often regarded as his masterpieces -- the four canvases representing The Progress of Love (Frick Collection, New York, 1771-73). These, however, were returned by Mme du Barry and it seems that taste was already turning against Fragonard's lighthearted style. He tried unsuccessfully to adapt himself to the new Neoclassical vogue, but in spite of the admiration and support of David he was ruined by the Revolution and died in poverty.
802. Francis Bacon
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The seventeenth century was the time of the development of various branches of science. The new mood had been established by Francis Bacon. Bacon was a lawyer who entered Parliament early and became James I's Lord Chancellor. Bacon had a wide range of scholarly interests. He had the reputation of being the most learned man of his time. Francis Bacon's goal was synthesis He wanted to organize 'all knowledge' in a united whole. He defined the scientific method in a form that is still relevant and stimulates the growth of science. Every scientific idea, he argued, must be tested by experiment. With idea and experiment following one the other, the whole natural world would be understood. In the rest of the century British scientists put these ideas into practice.
803. Frank O'Connor (Irish writer)
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

In the Frank O'Connor's book "The Idealist" the heroes are presented through actions and conversations. I think that each character must have a special quality that makes you remember him for a long time. The main hero - Delany - was truthful, frank, decisive. Gorman, his classmate was mean, dishonest and unpleasant. By the way of contrast the author managed to underline the romantic nature of Delany, who created his own world of things, people and ideas.
804. Free
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

С помощью Корнера группа получила контракт с "Island records" и отправилась на первые американские гастроли разогревать "Blind faith". В 1968 году вышла дебютная пластинка, "Tons of Sobs". И хотя альбом не попал в чарты, он смог привлечь внимание публики. Следующий диск "Free" также был проигнорирован хит-парадами, хотя и содержал неплохие вещи типа "The Hunter" и "Lying in the Sunshine". Настоящий успех пришел к коллективу лишь с появлением третьего альбома, "Fire and Water". Диск содержал хитовую вещь "All Right Now", бомбардировавшую хит-парады по обе стороны Атлантики (№2 в Англии и №4 в США). Эта композиция на протяжении многих лет попадала в британские чарты, а в 90-х годах она была использована для рекламы жвачки "Wrigley". В 1970 году "Free" выступили в качестве хедлайнеров на фестивале "Isle of Wight", где были встречены с восторгом.
805. Freedom Call
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Отзывы оказались очень позитивными, и Крис с Дэном бросились доукомплектовывать состав группы. Для пополнения рядов "Freedom call" они выбрали басиста Илкера Эрсина и гитариста Сашу Герстнера. К лету 1998-го у музыкантов было готово пять новых песен, а по осени они взялись заключать контракты. В январе следующего года "Freedom call" отправились на сессии дебютного альбома, и через два с половиной месяца работа была завершена. А в мае состоялись первые концерты группы, когда во Франции команда разогревала "Angra" и "Edguy". Французы настолько восхитились появлением новых металлистов, что по опросам журнала "Hard rock" присудили "Freedom call" второе место в разряде дебютантов.
806. Friedrich Durrenmatt (Фридрих Дюренматт)
Информация пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

"Weihnacht", "Die Wurst", "Der Sohn" und "Komödie"
807. Friedrich, Caspar David
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Some of Friedrich's best-known paintings are expressions of a religious mysticism. In 1808 he exhibited one of his most controversial paintings, The Cross in the Mountains (Gemaldegalerie, Dresden), in which--for the first time in Christian art--an altarpiece was conceived in terms of a pure landscape. The cross, worked obliquely from behind, is an insignificant element in the composition. More important are the dominant rays of the evening sun, which the artist said depicted the setting of the old, pre-Christian world. The mountain symbolizes an immovable faith, while the fir trees are an allegory of hope. Friedrich painted several other important compositions in which crosses dominate a landscape.
808. From the land called Beringia
Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Treaty of Cession 15 Stat. 539 Treaty concerning the Cession of the Russian Possessions in North America by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias to the United States of America; Concluded March 30, 1867; Ratified by the United States May 28, 1867; Exchanged June 20, 1867; Proclaimed by the United States June 20, 1867. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A PROCLAMATION Whereas, a treaty between the United States of America and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias was concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at the city of Washington, on the thirtieth day of March, last, which treaty, being in the English and French languages, is, word for word, as follows: The United States of America and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, being desirous of strengthening, if possible, the good understanding which exists between them, have, for that purpose, appointed as their Plenipotentiaries: the President of the United States, William H. Seward, Secretary of State; and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the Privy Councillor Edward de Stoeckl his Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States. And the said Plenipotentiaries, having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due form, have agreed upon and signed the following articles: ARTICLE I His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias agrees to cede to the United States, by this convention, immediately upon the exchange of the ratifications thereof, all the territory and dominion now possessed by his said Majesty on the continent of America and in the adjacent islands, the same being contained within the geographical limits herein set forth, to wit: The eastern limit is the line of demarcation between the Russian and the British possessions in North America, as established by the convention between Russia and Great Britain, of February 28 - 16, 1825, and described in Articles III and IV of said convention, in the following terms: III. "Commencing from the southernmost point of the island called Prince of Wales Island, which point lies in the parallel of 54 degrees 40 minutes north latitude, and between the 131st and the 133d degree of west longitude (meridian of Greenwich,) the said line shall ascend to the north along the channel called Portland channel, as far as the point of the continent where it strikes the 56th degree of north latitude; from this last-mentioned point, the line of demarcation shall follow the summit of the mountains situated parallel to the coast as far as the point of intersection of the 141st degree of west longitude (of the same meridian;) and finally, from the said point of intersection, the said meridian line of the 141st degree, in its prolongation as far as the Frozen ocean. IV. "With reference to the line of demarcation laid down in the preceding article, it is understood - "1st. That the island called Prince of Wales Island shall belong wholly to Russia," (now, by this cession, to the United States.) "2nd. That whenever the summit of the mountains which extend in a direction parallel to the coast from the 56th degree of north latitude to the point of intersection of the 141st degree of west longitude shall prove to be at the distance of more than ten marine leagues from the ocean, the limit between the British possessions and the line of coast which is to belong to Russia as above mentioned (that is to say, the limit to the possessions ceded by this convention) shall be formed by a line parallel to the winding of the coast, and which shall never exceed the distance of ten marine leagues therefrom." The western limit within which the territories and dominion conveyed, are contained, passes through a point in Behring's straits on the parallel of sixty-five degrees thirty minutes north latitude, at its intersection by the meridian which passes midway between the islands of Krusenstern, or Inaglook, and the island of Ratmanoff, or Noonarbook, and proceeds due north, without limitation, into the same Frozen ocean. The same western limit, beginning at the same initial point, proceeds thence in a course nearly southwest through Behring's straits and Behring's sea, so as to pass midway between the northwest point of the island of St. Lawrence and the southeast point of Cape Choukotski, to the meridian of one hundred and seventy-two west longitude; thence, from the intersection of that meridian, in a southwesterly direction, so as to pass midway between the island of Attou and the Copper island of the Kormandorski couplet or group in the North Pacific ocean, to the meridian of one hundred and ninety-three degrees west longitude, so as to include in the territory conveyed the whole of the Aleutian islands east of that meridian. ARTICLE II In the cession of territory and dominion made by the preceding article are included the right of property in all public lots and squares, vacant lands, and all public buildings, fortifications, barracks, and other edifices which are not private individual property. It is, however, understood and agreed, that the churches which have been built in the ceded territory by the Russian government, shall remain the property of such members of the Greek Oriental Church resident in the territory, as may choose to worship therein. Any government archives, papers and documents relative to the territory and dominion aforesaid, which may be now existing there, will be left in the possession of the agent of the United States; but an authenticated copy of such of them as may be required, will be, at all times, given by the United States to the Russian government, or to such Russian officers or subjects as they may apply for. ARTICLE III The inhabitants of the ceded territory, according to their choice, reserving their natural allegiance, may return to Russia within three years; but if they should prefer to remain in the ceded territory, they, with the exception of uncivilized native tribes, shall be admitted to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, and immunities of citizens of the United States, and shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion. The uncivilized tribes will be subject to such laws and regulations as the United States may, from time to time, adopt in regard to aboriginal tribes of that country. ARTICLE IV His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias shall appoint, with convenient despatch, an agent or agents for the purpose of formally delivering to a similar agent or agents appointed on behalf of the United States, the territory, dominion, property, dependencies and appurtenances which are ceded as above, and for doing any other act which may be necessary in regard thereto. But the cession, with the right of immediate possession, is nevertheless to be deemed complete and absolute on the exchange of ratifications, without waiting for such formal delivery. ARTICLE V Immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this convention, any fortifications or military posts which may be in the ceded territory shall be delivered to the agent of the United States, and any Russian troops which may be in the territory shall be withdrawn as soon as may be reasonably and conveniently practicable. ARTICLE VI In consideration of the cession aforesaid, the United States agree to pay at the treasury in Washington, within ten months after the exchange of the ratifications of this convention, to the diplomatic representative or other agent of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, duly authorized to receive the same, seven million two hundred thousand dollars in gold. The cession of territory and dominion herein made is hereby declared to be free and unencumbered by any reservations, privileges, franchises, grants, or possessions, by any associated companies, whether corporate or incorporate, Russian or any other, or by any parties, except merely private individual property holders; and the cession hereby made, conveys all the rights, franchises, and privileges now belonging to Russia in the said territory or dominion, and appurtenances thereto. ARTICLE VII When this convention shall have been duly ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, on the one part, and on the other by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within three months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this convention, and thereto affixed the seals of their arms. Done at Washington, the thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven. [SEAL] WILLIAM H. SEWARD [SEAL] EDOUARD DE STOECKL And whereas the said Treaty has been duly ratified on both parts, and the respective ratifications of the same were exchanged at Washington on this twentieth day of June, by William H. Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, and the Privy Counsellor Edward de Stoeckl, the Envoy Extraordinary of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, on the part of their respective governments, Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Treaty to be made public, to the end that the same and every clause and article thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this twentieth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States the ninety-first. [SEAL] ANDREW JOHNSON By the President:
809. Frumpy
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Для улучшения саунда в команду пригласили гитариста Райнера Бауманна. "Frumpy 2", состоявший из четырех продолжительных композиций, стал лучшим альбомом в дискографии группы. На нем очень органично переплелось звучание органа и гитар. По опросам читателей журнала "Musik express" "Frumpy" были признаны лучшей немецкой рок-группой года, а газета "FAZ" назвала Ингу Румпф "самым большим национальным талантом". Однако не все складывалось удачно. В сентябре 1971 года группа решила проверить свои способности на британской публике и отправилась на Туманный Альбион разогревать "Mott the hoople". Но то ли музыка у команд сильно разнилась, то ли еще что, и "Frumpy" не удалось завоевать сердца англичан.
810. Fruupp
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Команда со странным названием "Fruupp" просуществовала недолго, и хотя не смогла добиться такой известности как коллеги по цеху типа "Yes" и "Genesis", но все же внесла заметный вклад в становление арт-рока. Музыку ее можно сравнить с настоящим вином, которое со временем лишь становится приятнее. Группа была образована в начале 1971 года уроженцем Северной Ирландии Винсом Маккаскером. До этого Винс играл во многих ирландских бандах, самой известной из которых была "Blues by five", исполнявшая различные каверы, услаждая посетителей дансингов. В свой проект Маккаскер пригласил Стефена Хьюстона из Ольстерского молодежного оркестра, поэта-песенника Питера Фаррелли и Мартина Фоя (экс-"Fosset's circus band"). Первый концерт "Fruupp" состоялся в июне 1971-го в Белфасте, где они играли на разогреве у Рори Галлахера.
811. Fudge Tunnel
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Команда из Ноттингема "Fudge tunnel" появилась на свет в 1988 году благодаря Алексу Ньюпорту (гитара, вокал), Дэвиду Райли (бас) и Адриану Паркину (ударные). Ее сухой юмор и неоднозначный музыкальный подход были в диковинку для британской сцены. Первым релизом группы стал едкий макси-сингл "Sex mammoth", изданный лейблом "Pigboy records" в 1990 году. Релиз получил хорошие отклики как в инди-, так и в метал-изданиях, и оставалось непонятно лишь одно к какой категории отнести музыку данного коллектива. Тем временем турне в компании с "Godflesh" и выход второго макси-сингла "Sweet sound of excess" привели "Fudge tunnel" под знамена "Earache", начавшего подписывать команды типа "Pitchshifter".
812. Fugazi
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

По мере того как музыканты взрослели гастроли "Fugazi", а также их записи становились более спорадическими. "Red medicine", появившийся в 1995-м, отразил желание группы хоть как-то расширить рамки жанра и ее тягу к экспериментам со звуком. На этом альбоме музыкантам удалось смешать хардкор с психоделикой. Эти идеи получили развитие на следующем релизе. "End hits" вышел только через три года, поскольку Маккэй все это время был загружен своими делами на лейбле. Вслед за появлением альбома "Fugazi" возобновили гастрольную деятельность, а в 1999-м порадовали фанов изданием видео "Instrument" (саундтрек к нему вышел также на CD"). Работа содержала концертный материал, интервью, записи с сессий и репетиций.
813. Full Devil Jacket
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Стиль, в котором работали музыканты, можно было охарактеризовать как ню-металл, но парни старательно обходили всякие рэповые прибамбасы. После первых демозаписей "дьявольские жакеты" обзавелись собственным менеджментом и неплохо выступили на фестивале "Livestock" в Тампа. Там их заметил представитель "Island/Def Jam" Том Зутаут, предложивший подписать контракт. В 1999 году "Full devil jacket" приняли участие в знаменитом вудстокском фестивале в разряде "Emerging Artists", впервые получив шанс выступить перед большой аудиторией. Надо сказать, что у парней из Джексона это хорошо получилось, и ряды их фанов значительно пополнились.
814. Fuseli, Henry
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

He was the son of a portrait painter, Johann Caspar Fьssli (1707-82), but he originally trained as a priest; he took holy orders in 1761, but never practised. In 1765 he came to London at the suggestion of the British Ambassador in Berlin, who had been impressed by his drawings. Reynolds encouraged him to tape up painting, and he spent the years 1770-78 in Italy, engrossed in the study of Michelangelo, whose elevated style he sought to emulate for the rest of his life. On his return he exhibited highly imaginative works such as The Nightmare (Detroit Institute of Arts, 1781), the picture that secured his reputation when it was shown at the Royal Academy in 1782 (there is another version in the Goethe-museum, Frankfurt). An unforgettable image of a woman in the throes of a violently erotic dream, this painting shows how far ahead of his time Fuseli was in exploring the murky areas of the psyche where sex and fear meet. His fascination with the horrifying and fastastic also comes out in many of his literary subjects, which formed a major part of his output; he painted several works for Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, and in 1799 he followed this example by opening a Milton Gallery in Pall Mall with an exhibition of forty-seven of his own paintings.
815. Futurism
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Futurism was first announced on Feb. 20, 1909, when the Paris newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian poet and editor Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (q.v.). The name Futurism, coined by Marinetti, reflected his emphasis on discarding what he conceived to be the static and irrelevant art of the past and celebrating change, originality, and innovation in culture and society. Marinetti's manifesto glorified the new technology of the automobile and the beauty of its speed, power, and movement. He exalted violence and conflict and called for the sweeping repudiation of traditional cultural, social, and political values and the destruction of such cultural institutions as museums and libraries. The manifesto's rhetoric was passionately bombastic; its tone was aggressive and inflammatory and was purposely intended to inspire public anger and amazement, to arouse controversy, and to attract widespread attention.
816. G.B.H.
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Однако Прис был связан контрактом с группой "Bomb Disneyland", и для записи "Church Of The Truly Warped" пришлось довольствоваться услугами Джозефа Монтеро, подвизавшегося одно время в "Agnostic front". Монтеро также успел поучаствовать в американских и японских гастролях "G.B.H.". Однако вскоре пришло известие о распаде "Диснейлэнда", и Джозефа выставили за дверь, посадив наконец-то за ударную установку вожделенного Приса. Тем не менее студийная деятельность коллектива пошла на убыль. В 1996-м вышел "Punk Junkies", после чего в сессиях наступил значительный перерыв. Тем временем члены "G.B.H." развлекались на стороне. Так, Блитс и Ломас принимали участие в проектах "Sensa Yuma" и "The wernt", а Абрахалл и Прис были замечены в "Peter & the test tube babies".
817. Gainsborough, Thomas
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Gainsborough sometimes said that while portraiture was his profession landscape painting was his pleasure, and he continued to paint landscapes long after he had left a country neighborhood. He produced many landscape drawings, some in pencil, some in charcoal and chalk, and he occasionally made drawings which he varnished. He also, in later years, painted fancy pictures of pastoral subjects (Peasant Girl Gathering Sticks, Manchester City Art Gallery, 1782). Gainsborough's style had diverse sources. His early works show the influence of French engraving and of Dutch landscape painting; at Bath his change of portrait style owed much to a close study of van Dyck (his admiration is most clear in The Blue Boy, Huntingdon Art Gallery, San Marino, 1770); and in his later landscapes (The Watering Place, National Gallery, London, 1777) he is sometimes influenced by Rubens. But he was an independent and original genius, able to assimilate to his own ends what he learnt from others, and he relied always mainly on his own resources. With the exception of his nephew Gainsborough Dupont, he had no assistants and unlike most of his contemporaries he never employed a drapery painter.
818. Galileo Galilei
Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

In 1591 Vincenzo Galilei, Galileo's father, died and since Galileo was the eldest son he had to provide financial support for the rest of the family and in particular have the necessary financial means to provide dowries for his two younger sisters. Being professor of mathematics at Pisa was not well paid, so Galileo looked for a more lucrative post. With strong recommendations from Guidobaldo del Monte, Galileo was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Padua (the university of the Republic of Venice) in 1592 at a salary of three times what he had received at Pisa. On 7 December 1592 he gave his inaugural lecture and began a period of eighteen years at the university, years which he later described as the happiest of his life. At Padua his duties were mainly to teach Euclid's geometry and standard (geocentric) astronomy to medical students, who would need to know some astronomy in order to make use of astrology in their medical practice. However, Galileo argued against Aristotle's work of astronomy and natural philosophy in three public lectures he gave in connection with the appearance of a New Star (now known as ' Kepler's supernova') in 1604. The belief at this time was that of Aristotle, namely that all changes in the heavens had to occur in the lunar region close to the Earth, the realm of the fixed stars being permanent. Galileo used parallax arguments to prove that the New Star could not be close to the Earth. In a personal letter written to Kepler in 1598, Galileo had stated that he was a Copernican (believer in the theories of Copernicus). However, no public sign of this belief was to appear until many years later.
819. Gamma Ray
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

В 1989 году, уставший от постоянных гастролей и разборок с Майклом Вейкатом, Кай Хансен решил уйти из "Helloween", чтобы организовать новый проект, "Gamma ray". Скооперировавшись с бывшим вокалистом "Tyran pace" Ральфом Шиперсом, он также привлек к участию в команде басиста Уве Вессела и барабанщика Маттиаса Бурчардта. Последний, правда, недолго продержался в коллективе и был заменен Ули Кушем (экс-"Holy moses"). В такой конфигурации был записан дебютный лонгплей "Heading For Tomorrow". В Европе было продано 180000 экземпляров этой пластинки, но самый большой успех она имела в Японии, где заняла в чартах вторую строчку. Второй альбом, "Sigh No More", хотя и был более мрачным, повторил успех своего предшественника (150000 экземпляров). Тем не менее Вессел и Куш в середине 1992 решили покинуть группу. Куш в конце концов оказался в составе "Helloween".
820. Gang Green
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

С Паппом был записан альбом с хитрым названием "I81B4U", что можно было прочитать как "I ate one before you" (несомненно, чувствуется влияние "Van Halen", выпустивших "OU812" ("oh, you ate one too")). Кульминацией творчества коллектива стала пластинка "Older…Budweiser" (еще одно хитрое название, читается как "older, but wiser"). Турне в ее поддержку прошло очень успешно, а концерт, состоявшийся в небезызвестном лондонском "Marquee" был впоследствии выпущен в виде альбома "Can't live without it". Однако вскоре начались нелады с лейблом, и контракт был утерян, а спустя еще немного времени Дохерти объявил о роспуске "Gang green".

Blog

Разное