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1141. Mars Planet
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Photographs sent back by the Mariner 4 space probe show the surface of Mars to be pitted with a number of large craters, much like the surface of our moon. In 1971 the Mariner 9 space probe discovered a huge canyon, Valles Marineris. Completely dwarfing the Grand Canyon in Arizona, this canyon stretches for 2,500 mi (4,000 km) and at some places is 125 mi (200 km) across and 2 mi (3 km) deep. Mars also has numerous enormous volcanoesincluding Olympus Mons (c.370 mi/600 km in diameter and 16 mi/26 km tall), the largest in the solar systemand lava plains. In 1976 the Viking spacecraft landed on Mars and studied sites at Chryse and Utopia. They recorded a desert environment with a reddish surface and a reddish atmosphere. These experiments analyzed soil samples for evidence of microorganisms or other forms of life; none was found. In 1997, Mars Pathfinder landed on Mars and sent a small rover, Sojourner, to take soil samples and pictures. Among the data returned were more than 16,000 images from the lander and 550 images from the rover, as well as more than 15 chemical analyses of rocks and extensive data on winds and other weather factors. Mars Global Surveyor, which also reached Mars in 1997, has returned images produced by its systematic mapping of the surface. The European Space Agency's Mars Express space probe went into orbit around Mars in late 2003 and sent the Beagle 2 lander to the surface, but contact was not established with the lander. The American rovers Spirit and Opportunity landed successfully in early 2004.
1142. Martin Luther King Jr.
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

One of the most visible advocates of nonviolence and direct action as methods of social change, Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta on 15 January 1929. As the grandson of the Rev. A.D. Williams, pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church and a founder of Atlanta's NAACP chapter, and the son of Martin Luther King, Sr., who succeeded Williams as Ebenezer's pastor, King's roots were in the African-American Baptist church. After attending Morehouse College in Atlanta, King went on to study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and Boston University, where he deepened his understanding of theological scholarship and explored Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent strategy for social change. King married Coretta Scott in 1953, and the following year he accepted the pastorate at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. King received his Ph.D. in systematic theology in 1955.
1143. Mary Stuart. Her life and struggle for crown
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The one great trouble of this reign was Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. She was the daughter of the Queen Regent of Scotland, Mary of Guise. She had been married, when a mere child to Dauphin, the son and heir of the King of France. The Pope, who pretended that no one could rightfully wear the crown of England without his gracious permission, was strongly opposed to Elizabeth, as the Roman Church had never recognized the marriage of Henry the Eights and Ann Boleyn, Elizabeths the First mother. And as Mary Queen of Scots would have inherited the English crown in right of her birth, supposing the English Parliament not to have altered the succession, the Pope and most of his followers maintained that Mary was the rightful Queen of England, and Elizabeth the wrongful Queen. After her marriage to Dauphin Mary became closely connected with France, and France was jealous of England, so there was far greater than it would have been without her alliance with the great power. And after death of her husbands father Dauphin became Francis the Second, King of France, and the matter grew very serious. The young royal couple wanted to be English King and Queen, and the Pope was disposed to help them.
1144. Maslenitsa
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

There are many holidays and traditions in Russia. One of them is Maslenitsa. This holiday lasts for a week. Russian people celebrate it at the end of February or at the beginning of March. They say "goodbye" to winter on this holiday. During "Maslenitsa week" we always cook pancakes.
1145. Mass media
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

- Radio first became a possibility when the English physicist Michael Faraday demonstrated that an electrical current could produce a magnetic field. In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell, a professor of experimental physics at Cambridge, proved mathematically that these electrical disturbances could be detected at considerable distances. Maxwell predicted that this electromagnetic energy could move outward in waves travelling at the speed of light. In 1888 Heinrich Hertz demonstrated that Maxwell's prediction was true for transmissions over short distances. In 1901 an Italian physicist named Guglielrno Marconi received wireless telegraphic messages sent from Cornwall to Newfoundland. It was hailed as a triumph, but few discerned its full meaning: the birth of a communications revolution. Rather, it was another welcome convenience. Radio underwent rapid improvement in the period before World War II.
1146. Mass Media in England
Информация пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

The BBC provides two complementary national terrestrial television networks: BBC 1 and BBC 2, which transmit 24 hours a day. It also provides a range of digital channels, including BBC News 24 and BBC Choice. BBC Network Radio serves an audience of 29 each week, transmitting 24 hours a day on its five national networks. BBC has 39 local radio stations serving England and the Channel Islands, and regional and community radio services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. BBC World Service broadcasts by radio in English and 42 other languages world wide. It has a global weekly audience of at least 140 million listeners. BBC Worldwide Television is responsible for the BBCs commercial television activity. It is one of Europes largest exporters of television programmes. It also runs an advertiser funded, 24 hour international news and information channel; and an entertainment and drama channel broadcast to subscribers in continental Europe and Africa.
1147. Mass Media, TV, TV Past and Future
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The youngest kind of mass media is global computer net called Internet. I think that Internet is kind of mass media of the future. People can find on word wild web whole information about all things from sport to travel, from music to shopping. Internet is the most advanced and fast-growing kind of digital media. It gives people the freedom of speech and self-expression unavailable before, at the same time allowing many new and unforeseen combinations of different media types. Internet is also the foundation of new technologies that will impact the society in numerous ways, such as e-commerce and virtual multi-user communities.
1148. Mathematical Formulas for Calculation of Newtonian Constant of Gravitation G
Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Failures in creation of (G, h, c)-theories and a big number of other fundamental physical constants, among which it is difficult to prefer one of them, bring forward s task of search of ontological base of physical constants. Contemporary physics accumulated already about 300 fundamental constants [6]. 300 constants and all are fundamental! Why such a big number of constants are considered to be fundamental? If we refer them to truly fundamental constants, it exists too much of them. If we accept a fact, that a single material essence makes a world base and all of physical phenomena should have a single nature, then amount of constants must be lesser. Here we remember Ockham-s rule, according to which we should not multiply a number of essences without necessity, and also Fresnel opinion, that L the nature is disposed to operate by great things with the help of the little¦ [5, 8]. Therefore, if priority and independence of constants are criterions of true fundamentality, then just a little amount of constants should be considered to be truly fundamental. That is why, a deep contradiction exists in fact, that hundreds of constants have fundamental status. Our task is to find among them "truly fundamental constants" and reveal a number of them. Many facts indicate, that it is sufficient to have three dimensional constants as truly fundamental. However only three basic units - metre, kilogramme and second v are enough to receive all units, having mechanical nature. But unsuccessful attempts in creation of (G, h, c)-theories show, that three constants are not enough. It means, that we should search the unknown number JF, which comply with a number of still unknown truly fundamental constant, should be searched somewhere between 3 and 300:
1149. Mathematics as a science
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Arithmetic, algebra, the study of functions, the calculus, differential equations, and various other subjects which follow the calculus in logical order are all developments of the real number system.
1150. Matisse, Henri (biographie en fransais)
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Matisse situe le debut de cette regle fixe dans le choix du sujet avec la creation de la toile intitulee La Joie de vivre (1905). Une ample arabesque formee par les lignes et les couleurs atteste de l'interкt naissant de l'artiste pour l'art oriental. Mais l'њuvre accuse aussi de nettes influences de la culture figurative fransaise d'Ingres а Manet, Cezanne, Gauguin. L'emploi des couleurs pures, sans recours aux degrades, aux valeurs, et un dessin lineaire excluant ombres et modele est utilise pour traiter un sujet sans precedent: celui d'une composition inventee, mythologique, une scene pastorale doublee d'une bacchanale comme en peignirent Bellini, le Titien, Poussin et Ingres. Seules activites: les plaisirs de l'amour, de la danse, de la cueillette et une sorte de degre zero du travail.
1151. Matisse, Henri (Emile-Benoоt)
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Matisse's Fauvist years were superseded by an experimental period, as he abandoned three-dimensional effects in favor of dramatically simplified areas of pure color, flat shape, and strong pattern. The intellectual splendor of this dazzlingly beautiful art appealed to the Russian mentality, and many great Matisses are now in Russia. One is The Conversation (1909; 177 x 217 cm (5 ft 9 3/4 in x 7 ft 1 1/2 in)) in which husband and wife converse. But the conversation is voiceless. They are implacably opposed: the man-- a self portrait-- is dominating and upright, while the woman leans back sulkily in her chair. She is imprisoned in it, shut in on all sides. The chair's arms hem her in, and yet the chair itself is almost indistinguishable from the background: she is stuck in the prison of her whole context. The open window offers escape; she is held back by an iron railing. He towers above, as dynamic as she is passive, every line of his striped pyjamas undeviatingly upright, a wholly directed man. His neck thickens to keep his outline straight and firm, an arrow of concentrated energy. The picture cannot contain him and his head continues beyond it and into the outside world. He is greater that it all, and the sole "word" of this inimical conversation is written in the scroll of the rail: Non. Does he say no to his intensity of life? They deny each other forever.
1152. Matroid maps
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

This paper continues the works [1,2] and uses, with some modification, their terminology and notation. Throughout the paper W is a Coxeter group (possibly infinite) and P a finite standard parabolic subgroup of W. We identify the Coxeter group W with its Coxeter complex and refer to elements of W as chambers, to cosets with respect to a parabolic subgroup as residues, etc. We shall use the calligraphic letter as a notation for the Coxeter complex of W and the symbol for the set of left cosets of the parabolic subgroup P. We shall use the Bruhat ordering on in its geometric interpretation, as defined in [2, Theorem 5.7]. The w-Bruhat ordering on is denoted by the same symbol as the w-Bruhat ordering on . Notation , <w, >w has obvious meaning.
1153. Maximum-profit equilibrium: monopoly
Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Why is this so? Suppose, at price $7, you can sell 4 units; at price $6, 5 units. Revenues associated with these two prices are respectively $28 and $30. Marginal Revenue from selling the fifth unit is accordingly $(2/5/6/7/28/30). It is the difference in revenue obtained as a result of selling the one extra unit. Why only $2when the price at which that fifth unit sold was 86? Because to sell that fifth unit, price had to be reduced. And that lowered price applies to all 5 units. The first 4, which formerly sold at $7, now bring only $6. On this account, revenue takes a beating of $4. You must subtract tins $4 from the $6 which the fifth unit brings in. This leaves a net gain in revenue of $2Marginal Revenue.
1154. May Day
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The 1st of May is a spring holiday in our country. Usually it is warm during this day. The weather is fine. The trees are green. You can see some flowers in the parks and gardens. I don't go to school and my parents don't go to work on the 1st of May.
1155. Meals and cooking
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

When we cook, we boil, roast, fry or stew our food. We boil eggs, meat, chicken, fish, milk, water and vegetables. We fry eggs, fish and vegetables. We stew fish, meat, vegetables or fruit. We roast meat or chicken. We put salt, sugar, pepper, vinegar and mustard into our food to make it salted, sweet, sour or simply tasty. Our food may taste good or bad or it may be tasteless.
1156. Meanness Laws' Effect on Jerome's Characters
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Because of that, the lives of Jerome's heroes we can hardly call boring. George and Harris always got into the scrapes. During their traveling they came across many everyday situations, but because of their incompetence they could do nothing properly. Arrangement for the journey was almost the brightest example of Murphy's laws effect. "It seemed a longer job than I had thought it was going to be; but I got the bag finished at last, and I sat on it and strapped it." Murphy's Law reads as follows: It always takes longer than you think. But the process of arrangement wasn't finished. Harris noticed that Jay hadn't put the boots in and moreover it was still a question whether the toothbrush was packed. In this case Murphy can comforts with the statement: If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong. So our hero had nothing to do, but to turn every thing out in search. "I rummaged the things up into much the same state that they must have been before the world was created, and when chaos reigned." Murphy's response: Chaos always wins, because it's better organized, or Any time you put an item in a "safe place", it will never be seen again.
1157. Means of communication
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

People who live in big cities use various means of communication to get from one place to another. Londoners use the underground railway. They call it “the tube”. Lon-don's underground is the oldest in the world. It was opened in 1863. There was one route at that time, four miles long. Now London's underground has 277 stations and it is 244 miles long. Londoners use buses. The first bus route was opened in London in 1904 Today there are hundreds of routes there. The interesting thing is that some of the routes are the same as many years ago.
1158. Mein letzter Kinobesuch
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Das Wochenende ist gekommen. Nun wollen wir den Alltag vergessen und etwas Schnes erleben. Ich rufe meinen Freund Andrey an, um ihn an unsere Verabredung zu erinnern. Wir hatten einen Kinobesuch vor. Wir wollen uns heute “Titanik” ansehen. Diesen weltberhmten Spielfilm hat weder Andrey noch ich gesehen. Die Karten haben wir noch nicht besorgt, weil wir Prfungszeit hatten. Hoffentlich bekommen wir welche an der Kasse, denn die Auffhrung ist ja schon nicht neu.
1159. Meine Ferien
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Um keine Zeit zu verlieren, will ich sofort nach den Prfungen meine Siebensachen packen und zu meinem Verwandten aufs Land fahren. Das Dorf, in dem mein Grovater wohnt, liegt in einer malerischen Gegend an einem nicht groen, aber recht schnen Flu. Dort werde ich Gelegenheit haben, viel zu baden und Ruderboot zu fahren. Das Rudern ist doch ein herrlicher Sport es krftigt die Muskeln und sthlt den ganzen Krper. Auerdem atmet man immer reine, frische Luft. Wenn das Wetter warm und sonnig ist, will ich auch in der Sonne liegen, um einigermaen braun zu werden. Zur Abwechslung kann ich mir die Zeit mit dem Radfahren vertreiben, in den Wald oder in die umliegenden Drfer spazierengehen. Manchmal werde ich meinem Verwandten im Obst- und Gemsegarten helfen mssen.
1160. Melville’s “The March into Virginia” and “The College Colonel”: The Broken Youth.
Сочинение пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

It can be the same regiment that is described in “ The March into Virginia”, but the people have changed. There is neither boyish gaiety nor enthusiasm in their files anymore. They are “half-tattered, and battered, and worn/ like castaway sailors […]” (7-8). Nothing romantic is left in their appearance. The comparison between soldiers and castaway sailors is interesting. This is how Melville describes sailors from a sunken ship trying to reach a coast: “ Their mates dragged back and seen no more-/again and again breast the surge,/ and at last crawl, spent to shore” (10- 12). The war has become a storming sea for a soldier. It has lost any political meaning; now, the war is just a dark power trying to take his life. A defeat or victory are nothing but worthless words for him. A soldier is not interested in wars outcome; he is interested only in its end. He does not fight for a country or a noble idea; he fights only for his own life and the lives of men from his unit. He does not care about the rest of the world because it does not exist for him. The rest of the world has become that storming sea that is trying to kill him. Like a castaway sailor, a soldier sees his comrades “dragged back” to disappear forever. Like a castaway sailor, he “at last [crawls], spent […]” to safety (12). Like a castaway sailor, a soldier found himself in a strange place. The civilized world has become a foreign and hostile land for a veteran where he must struggle to find his place. Suddenly, some of the soldiers realize that the war, that they hated so much, has become a part of their lives, and they cannot normally exist without it.

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