Е. Е. Израилевич Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами юнвес лист москва 1998 бкк 81 англ. К12 isbn 5-88682-003-5 ббк -81 f тоо «юнвес» 1998 г. Предисловие задача
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1. Have you got a ship for the transportation of these goods? — No, we must charter one. 2. I haven't got a radio set. I want to buy one. 3. If you haven't a dictionary, you can take one from the library. 4. There isn't a glass here. Bring one, please. 5. I haven't got a pen. Give one, please. 6. Where can I get
a box of matches? — There is one on my table.
499 Упражнение к § 59 п. 4
1. Don't buy red pencils. Buy blue ones.
- This pen is very bad. Give me a good one.
- I don't like this green apple. Give me a red one. 4. I prefer cold weather to hot. 5. This is a small ship. We need a large one. 6. My brother has sent me some English and German books. 7. I lost my watch and I had to buy a new one.
ГЛАГОЛ ЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ
ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
500 Упражнения к §§ 12, 21
1. ... are you doing I am waiting .... 2. Does he speak ... he speaks .... 3. ... Someone is knocking .... 4. ... The students are writing .... 5* She writes ... . 6. Ships travel ... . 7. ... who is smoking ... . 8. ... it is not raining. 9. Do you hear ...; ... I am listening ... I do not hear ... . 10. My brother smokes ... . 11. ... The telephone is ringing. 12. ... He is having ... he always has ... .
500 1. Where is W.? — He is playing tennis.
2. Does he play tennis well? — No, he plays
500
tennis badly. 3. I don't know the man who is speaking to the director. 4. I often speak to my friend about our trip to the Caucasus. 5. A. sings very well. 6. Listen, Comrade Ivanov is singing in the next room. 7. He doesn't see that I am looking at him as he is reading something with great interest. 8. Ring him up at once. I think that he isn't sleeping yet*. 9. Look at the man who is sitting at the window. He is our teacher.
Упражнения к §§ 12, 21, 37, 52
1. Helen learns ... (or: is learning ...); She has been learning ... . 2. ... They are discussing They have been discussing ... . 3. ... He is working Has he been working ...; he has been working ... . 4. My brother is He has been ... . 5. Comrade Ivanov teaches ...; ... He has been teaching ... . 6. I know ...; ... have you known ... I have known ... .
500 1. Who(m) are you waiting for? — I am
* Вместо Present Continuous от глагола to sleep очень часто употребляется прилагательное asleep с глаголом-связкой to be в настоящем времени: I think that he isn't yet asleep.
waiting for Comrade A. — Have you been waiting long for him? — Yes, I have (already) been waiting about half an hour for him. 2. What are you translating? — I am translating an economic article. — How long have you been translating it? — I've (already) been translating it for an hour. 3. I translate five or six articles a week. 4. Where is my magazine? — It is lying on your writing-table.
5. Your book has (already) been lying here for a few days. Take it. 6. We know each other very well. 7. We have known each other since I came to Moscow. 8. Comrade A. is (th~j director of our factory. He has been (the) director of our factory since 1990. 9. My brother lives in Kiev. — Since when (or: How long) has he been living there? — He has been living there since 1945.
501 Упражнения к §§ 14, 34—36
1. Have you read ... I have only just begun in 2. Has Petrov D. left ... . 3. ... did the delegation arrive ...; It arrived .... 4. I did not see ... . 5. I have not seen ... I have heard ... . 6. ... he has just gone out. 7. I have had ... he left ... . 8. We discussed ... . 9. ... I have not discessed ... .
501 1. Why have you put on your coat? It к
quite warm to-day. 2. Has your brother come back to Moscow? 3. When did your brother come back to Moscow? 4. Have you finished your work? — Yes, I finished it yesterday.
- I have brought you some interesting books.
- Where have you put my dictionary? I can't find it. 7. He put the documents on the table and left the room. 8. I have never read this book. 9. I never bathed after sunset when I stayed in Sochi. 10. Comrade D. has come. He is waiting for you downstairs. 11. I have not seen him since the summer. 12. I have already told you about it twice. Don't you remember? 13. I don't know what the time is now as my watch has stopped. 14. At last the taxi stopped at the front door of a big house. 15. You have written this exercise very badly. Write it once more. 16. He wrote his exercise veiy badly and the teacher told him to write it once more. 501
Упражнения к §§ 14, 24, 40, 57 1. He did not see ... he was reading ... I came ... . 2. ... he visited ... he had played .... 3. The telegram arrived ... you left (or: had left) .... 4. It was raining ... I left ... . 5. ... in was travelling ... . 6. ... I called ... his sister told ... he had left ... . 7. I shouted ... he was running ... did not hear. 8. Large crowds were waiting ...; ... the Soviet delegation arrived. 9. ... I heard ... I hurried ... . 10. We were walking ...; ... it began to rain. 11. He was sitting ..; ... the storm broke out. 12. He thanked ... I had done ... . 13. ... I woke up ... the sun was shining ... . 14. He entered he worked... 15. leaved..., I have arrived. 16. ... I went ... I found ... I had left ... . 17. We had been walking ... we saw ... .
1. I was living in Leningrad when the war broke out. 2. His telegram arrived when I was leaving home. 3. Last year I often went to the theatre. 4. Yesterday I bought a watch as I had lost my old one. 5. He had finished his work by six o'clock. 6. When I came the typist was typing the letters which I had given her the day before. 7. When my son was ill, the doctor visited him every day. 8. The typist had not typed all the letters when I came.
9. I read veiy much last summer. 10. It was already quite dark when we came home. 11. She cut her finger while she was cutting the bread. 12. I spent my holiday (or: my leave) in a little village on the Volga. A friend of mine had advised me to go there. 13. In the summer I called on them every evening. 14. It was still raining when we came out of home. 15. I was having dinner when he rang me up. 16. The other day I made the acquaintance of an old sailor. He. had been to many countries in the East and the West. He told me about many towns which he had visited during his numerous voyages. 17. I was returning home rather late. It was already getting dark and it was raining. I was walking quickly as I had not taken my umbrella and was afraid of getting wet. Cars were passing me. Suddenly one of them stopped near me and somebody called me. I recognized the voice of my friend, Doctor A. He asked me to get into the car and five minutes later I was at home. 18. I read (or: was reading) the whole evening yesterday. 19. I came home, had supper, and began to read the newspaper. Suddenly I remembered that I had promised my friend to return him his English textbook. He had given it to me for two days and (had) asked me to return it in time. I stood up, took the text-book and went to my friend's. 20. My sister was still sleeping when I got up because she had returned home rather late. 21. I was waiting for him about half an hour when he came at least. 22. They had been studing English for two years when they started to learn Chinese.
Упражнения к §§ 16, 27, 47
1. I shall* be waiting ... . 2. ... they will have completed... . 3. ... I shall* be having...
- ... you will be sailing... . 5. ... it will have stopped raining... . 6. ... the next mail will bring... . 7. She will return... . 8. I shall* not be working...; I shall* have finished... . 9. ... will you be... . 10. ... will you be doing...; I shall* be working... .
502 1. I think that he'll take part in this work.
2. Don't be late. I'll be waiting for you in the library at nine o'clock. 3. I am sure that they'll have fulfilled their production plan by the 15th of December. 4. He'll work (or: He'll be working) the whole day to-morrow.
- Don't come at two o'clock to-morrow. He'll be busy. He'll be having an English lesson at that time. 6. Come at six o'clock. The director will have signed all the documents by that time. 7. What will you do (or: What will you be doing) from six till eight to-morrow? — I'll write (or: I'll be writing) an article for the wall newspaper.
502 Упражнение к §§ 12 (п. 3),
21 (п. 3), 38
* Напоминаем, что в этом случае наряду с shall можно употребить и will без изменения смысла предложения.
1. I'll still be working when you come back. 2. I'll speak to him about it when I meet him. 3. I'll go home after I have finished (or: after I finish) my work. 4. If I am free to-morrow night, I'll go to the club with you. 5. She'll have dinner after she liars unpacked (or: after she unpacks) her things. 6. If he is still working when you come back, advise him to go to bed. 7. If he doesn't come to-morrow, send him a telegram. 8. I'll wire as soon as I come to Odessa. 9. I'll let you know as soon as I get a letter from him. 10. We'll go when it stops raining. 11. Sit here, please, until the director comes back.
- Don't get off the tram until it stops.
- I'll call on you before I leave Moscow,
- Let's go to the club when the lecture is over. 15. I'll go home only after the ship has disappeared (or: after the ship disappears).
502 Обзорные упражнения у §§ 9—63
A. 1. The ship was going...; ... the storm broke out. 2. ... you will have graduated... . 3. He has become... . 4. They were driving...; ... the accident happened. 5. ... the weather has been... . 6. ... I got...; I learned...; ... he is playing... . 8. ... he prepared (or: he was preparing)... . 9. That man has been teaching... . 10. Water changes...; ... the temperature drops... . 11. We saw...; ... we have not seen... . 12. It has raining...; ... we came... . 13. ... we reached...; ... we found...; ... a party of strangers had occupied...; ... we had chosen... . 14. ... you have just said. 15. I only succeeded...; ... I had worked (or: I had been working)... . 16. ... we had been... . 17. My brother remained...; ... he had recovered...; he had received.... 18.1 have heard (or: heard)...; ... you have given up (or: you had given
503
up)... . 19. I have not heard... . 20. He has been... . 21. ... you return. 22. I have known...; ... we were... . 23. ... the bank is open. 24. ... he had reached... . 25. ... he will have become... . 26. He shrugged...; shook...; ... said... . 27. Comrade D. went...; ...has been working... . 28. ... they will probably be having supper* (or: they will probably have had supper**). 29. he had never been... .
Б. THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW
A dog, who was running away with a large piece of meat which he had stolen, came to a stream over which there was a little bridge. As he was crossing the bridge he looked down and saw another dog with another large piece of meat in his mouth. Not knowing that what he saw was only the reflection of himself in the clear water, he greedily dropped his own meat and made a snatch at the other. But, instead of getting anything, he only lost the meat he had stolen.
B. THE ASS WITH A SACK OF SALT (A fable)
* Они будут, вероятно, ужинать. ** Они, вероятно, уже поужинают.
An ass, who was carrying a large sack of salt which his master had placed on his back, came to a stream over which there was a bridge. As he was crossing the bridge he slipped and fell into the stream. The salt melted in the water and the ass was glad that his sack had become so light. The next day the ass was crossing the bridge with another bag of salt. He remembered what had hap pened the day before, fell into the stream on puipose and stayed there until the salt melted (or: had melted). After he had done the same thing a third time, his master decided to cure the lazy animal of his tricks. He filled the bag with sponges and tied it on the ass's back. When the ass came to the stream, be plunged into the water at once, expecting that the bag would become still lighter. He was, however, greatly disappointed when a few minutes later he found that the bag was ten times heavier than it had been before.
Г. WHANG THE MILLER (After GOLDSMITH)
Whang the miller was very avaricious. Nobody loved money more than he, and he respected only those who were rich. When people talked of a rich man, Whang always said, «I know him very well; he and I have been friends since childhood*, but when people mentioned a poor man, he always said that he did not know him and had never heard his name before, as he was not fond of many acquaintances. One day as he was thinking how to increase his wealth, he learned that one of his neighbours, Hunks by name, had found a large pot of gold underground after he had dreamed of it three nights running. The greedy miller greatly envied his neighbour's luck and complained every day to his customers that he was unlucky, saying, «I've been working from morning till night for so many years, but I've never found any gold. I wish I could dream like my neighbour!» At last he dreamed one night that under a certain part of the wall of the mill there was a huge pot of gold.
He dreamed of the same pot of money the two succeding nights and was therefore sure that he would find the treasure in the place where he had seen it in his dreams. So he got up early the third morning, went to the mill alone with a spade in his hand, and began to dig under the comer of the wall. He had been digging for three hours when at last his spade struck a broad, fiat stone, so large that he could not remove it. He decided that he would go home, (would) tell his wife everything and (would) ask her to help him. So he ran home and told his wife of his dream and of the treasure that was waiting for them under the stone. They both ran back to the place where Whang had been digging and found that their mill, which Whang had undermined by digging, had fallen and was lying in ruins.
Д. THE DEATH OF A HERO (Adapted from K. SIMONOV'S novel «DAYSAND NIGHTS»)
Captain Saburov had been sleeping about an hour when the telephone operator awoke him. It was still quite dark and he did not
know what time it was. Jumping down from his bed he ran to the telephone.
«Captain Saburov speaking*.
«This is General Protsenko. Go out, listen, wake up your men, and tell them to listen too».
When Saburov ran out of the dug-out, it was snowing. For a minute or two he did not hear anything, then his ears caught the sound of a distant roar of guns. The guns were about 25 miles from where he was, but the ground was trembling as if an earthquake was shaking it.
Saburov turned to a solder who was standing nearly.
«Сап you hear anything?*
«Of course, I can, Comrade Captain. Our guns are firing*.
«Have they been firing long?»
«Fve been listening to them for about an hour», said the soldier.
An hour later everybody knew that the Soviet troops had by-passed Stalingrad to the north and south and (had) encircled the Germans.
Everybody wanted to do something to help the Soviet troops in their great offensive. Captain Saburov asked the divisional commander to allow him to make a night attack on a building which the Germans had occupied just in front of his lines.
The Germans thought that they had completely cut off the area occupied by Saburov and did not expect an attack.
The night attack began at a quarter past one. The Russians captured the building and then prepared to defend it against German counter-attacks. Saburov and his friend, Lieutenant Maslennikov, were lying side by side in the window of a cellar just on a level with the ground. They saw some German soldiers enter the cellar through a hole they had found in the wall. As the Germans were passing, Saburov opened fire with his tommy-gun. After he had used up all the ammunition, he threw his tommy-gun at a German who was passing with such force that he fell forward on his face. At that moment another German soldier lifted a gun over Saburov. Maslennikov jumped at the German and both of them fell to the ground and rolled over and over. Saburov had just got up on his feet when he heard some revolver shots and saw that the German had risen over Maslennikov's body. He seized the tommy-gun which was lying on the ground and hit the German several times on the head with all his strength. Just then some Soviet soldiers rushed into the cellar and told him that the Germans were retreating. Saburov dropped down beside Maslennikov and saw that his friend was dead. He sent for the sappers and ordered them to dig a grave for Maslennikov.
As soon as it was light and he could see the face of his friend who had died to save him, he bent over Maslennikov and took his documents and medals.
A salute of three volleys was fired over the grave of the hero.
Sounds of gun-fire were coming from the west where Soviet troops were closing the ring around 300,000 Germans.
505 1. At this time to-morrow we shall be
approaching Kiev. 2. He went to Sukhumi in 1935 and has been living there since. 3. He had (already) been working at this factory for five years when the war began (or: broke out). 4. We came home when the sun was still shining. 5. Everybody will (already) have gone to bed by the time we return. 6. Close the window. It is raining and it has become very cold. The weather has changed greatly since yesterday. 7. When I came in, he put the book on the table and stopd up to greet me. 8. He will not make any progress until he works harder. 9. It was cold, as the sun had not yet risen. 10. I shall write to you after I have spoken (or: I speak) to him. 11. I have known him for a long time and I can say that he is a very honest man. 12. The meeting has begun. 13. If he comes after I have left (or: I leave) give him the letter that is lying on the table. 14. The sea has (already) been rough for a few days and there has been no ship for Batumi since Monday. We shall leave Odessa as soon as there is a ship. 15. I had been walking about an hour when at last I saw a little house near the river. I understood at once that it was the house about which Comrade A. had told me. I went up to the house and knocked. A woman was sitting at the window and reading. Hearing the knock she stood up and went to the door. 16. Today I went to the Ministry to see Comrade A. on business. We had arranged to meet at four o'clock in the afternoon. When I came to the Ministry, the secretary told me that Comrade A. had not returned yet from the conference
and asked me to wait a little. I sat down on a chair and began to read a newspaper which I had bought on the way to the Ministry While 1 was reading the newspaper, Comrade A. came. He said that he was late, as the conference had ended later that he had expected. 17. Last night I was waiting for a (or: the*) bus in Gorki Street. I noticed that a (or: the) man who was standing near me was looking at me attentively. I recognized my friend A., with whom I had gone to school. I had not seen him since 1985 and was very glad that I had met him.
СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
505 Упражнение к §§ 65—67
* Если имеется в виду автобус, на котором всегда ездит данное лицо
1. Wonderful discoveries are being made by Soviet scientists. 2. The opera «Ivan Susanin» was composed by Glinka. 3. Large quantities of coal will be produced by this mine this year. 4. The village is connected with the town by a railway line. 5. By whom was this article written? [or: Who(m) was this article written by?]. 6. This theatre was designed by a famous architect. 7. The yearly plan had been fulfilled by this plant by the 15th November. 8. The text was read aloud by the student. 9. The student's composition will be corrected by the teacher. 10. The steamer is being unloaded by the workers. 11. The letter has just been signed by the director. 12. This question must be discussed by the committee immediately. 13. The cases are being counted by the customs officer.
- The invoice must be checked by the accountant. 15. When he entered the room the contract was being checked by the legal adviser. 16. The machine can be delivered by the manufacturers at the end of the month. 17. The cargo will be insured by the buyers with «Gosstrakh». 18. The buyers must be informed by the agent about the arrival of the steamer. 19. As a letter of credit had not been opened by the buyers, the goods could not be shipped by us.
Упражнение к §§ 69
Ведется вообще. Ведется в настоящее время.
1. ... A student is being examined... . 2. The event had been reported... . 3. ...he was taken... . 4. The letter was being typed (or had been typed)... . 5. ...his work will have been completed... . 6. Some new magazines have just been brought. 7. The exercises are usually corrected... 8. ...it has not been returned... . 9. Many new houses have been built... . 10. ...the ship will be chartered... 11. ...as the goods will be delivered. 12. The goods have not been examined...; ...will they be examined? 13. ...which is being discussed... . 14. This bridge was built... .
- The contract will be typed (or: will have been typed)... . 16. Important scientific work is carried on* (or: is being carried on**)...
17. All the students had been examined (or: will have been examined)... .18. The documents have not been signed...; They are being checked... . 19. She was frightened... .
Упражнение к §§ 71
1. My watch is made of steel. Мои часы сделаны из стали. 2. Knives are generally made of steel. Ножи обычно делаются из стали. 3. These books are sold everywhere. Эти книги продаются везде. 4. These books are sold out. Эти книги распроданы. 5. As my watsh was broken, I had to buy a new one. Так как мои часы были сломаны, мне пришлось купить новые. 6. The bread was cut with a sharp knife. Хлеб нарезали (был нарезан) острым ножом. 7. When I came home, I saw that my son's finger was cut to the bone. Когда я пришел домой, я увидел, что палец моего сына порезан до кости.
9. The roof of my house is painted green.
Крыша моего дома выкрашена в зеленый
цвет. 10. When I arrived at the port, all the
cases were packed. Когда я приехал в порт,
все ящики были упакованы. 11. The cases
were packed by skilled workers. Ящики были
упакованы умелыми рабочими. 12. The
letter is written in ink. Письмо написано
чернилами. 13. The library is usually closed
at 6 o'clock. Библиотека обычно закрыва-
ется в 6 часов. 14. The library is closed, as
to-day is Sunday. Библиотека закрыта, так
как сегодня воскресенье.
8. The roof of my house is painted every year.
Крыша моего дома красится каждый год.
1. Is this letter signed? (or: Has this letter been signed?) 2. This letter has just been signed by the director. 3. The steamer is chartered (or: has been chartered). 4. The agreement is already concluded (or: The agreement has already been concluded).
- This agreement has just been concluded.
- The goods are not yet delivered (or: The goods have not yet been delivered). 7. The goods have been delivered by aeroplane to-day. 8. This question is not settled yet (or: This question has not been settled yet). 9. Are the goods loaded? (or: Have the goods been loaded?). 10. His problem has been solved by Soviet scientists. 11. This building is fully restored (or: has been fully restored). 12. The cases are counted (or: have been counted). They can be taken to the warehouse. 13. This building had just been built when we came to Kiev. 14. When we received their telegram, the ship was chartered (or: had been chartered), but the goods had not yet been delivered at the port. 15. When we came to Kiev there were a lot of houses there which had been destroyed by the German fascists. 16. When the director came everything was ready: the documents were checked (or: had been checked) and the letters were typed (or: had been typed). 17. The house had been repaired, the fence had been painted and many new fruit trees had been planted in the garden by the time he came back. 18. When you rang up, the work had just been finished. 19. You will not have to wait. The documents
- will have been checked and the letters will have been typed when you come. 20. 1 am sure that the goods will already have been delivered to the port when we receive their telegram.
Упражнение к §§ 15—16
1. Верховный Совет избирается на срок в четыре года. 2. В этом журнале часто печатаются научные статьи. 3. Он был избран (или: Его избрали) в Верховный Совет. 4. Журнал «Советский Союз» иллюстрируется замечательными фотографиями. 5. Новый фильм демонстрируется во всех больших кинотеатрах Москвы. 6. Эта книга рекомендована нам нашим преподавателем. 7. Контракт печатается (сейчас) [или: Контракт печатают (сейчас)]. 8. Вас спросили (или: Вас спрашивали) об этом? 9. Контракт напечатан. Вы можете его прочесть. 10. Статья написана по-английски. 11. Письмо еще не отправлено. 12. В этой деревне только что построена новая школа. Она построена из кирпича. 13. Каждый год в Москве строится большое количество новых домов.
- Когда будут доставлены нам машины?
- Этот мост был спроектирован известным инженером. 16. Пароход будет разгружен завтра (или: Пароход разгрузят завтра). 17. Пока товары подготовлялись к отгрузке, мы искали подходящий пароход. 18. В этом районе строится новая железнодорожная линия. 19. Его тепло поблагодарили за помощь. 20. Судовладельцы телеграфировали фрахтователям, что судно ремонтируется в Генуе. 21. Контракт проверен юрисконсультом?
507 Упражнение к §§ 77
1. The first part of this book is being printed in Leningrad, and the second part will be printed in Moscow. 2. When was this station built? 3. A new theatre is being built in our town. 4. Our factory is equipped with up-to-date machinery. 5. He will soon be sent to Leningrad. 6. He was asked where he worked. 7# I think that this factory will be built in May. 8. He will leave Moscow when the contract will be signed. 9. When he came the contract has already been signed.
10. Where will the new library be built?
11. What is produced at this factory?
12. These books are sold in all the Moscow
bookshops. 13. He can read this article if it
will be translated in Russian. 14. This factory
has just been re-equipt. 15. A new bridge is
being built near the station. 16. The library
was closed, as it was already eight
o'clock. 17. The letter can't be sent off to-
day, as it has not yet been signed by the
director. 18. Moscow State University was
founded in 1755. 19. The youngest university
in our country is in a town. It was open in
autumn of 1951. 20. Books and magazines
are printed in 119 languages. 21. After the
cases had been unpacked (or: were un-
packed), we found that some parts of the
machine had been broken during transporta-
tion. 22. We will not send a telegram to them
untill the goods have been shipped. 23. What goods were being loaded when you came to the airport? 24. The goods have been shipped. Send a telegram to the buyers.
Упражнения к §§ 78—80
1. Ему показали дорогу на вокзал. 2. Ей сообщили (эту) новость, когда она вернулась домой. 3. Им предложили товар по низкой цене. 4. Покупателям предоставили шестимесячный кредит. 5. Им дали подробные инструкции и велели выполнить их немедленно. 6. Детей обучают в школе иностранным языкам, (или: Детям преподают в школе иностранные языки). 7. Им платят два раза в месяц. 8. Ему предложили интересную работу. 9. Ему обещали немедленную помощь.
1. I haven't been told anything about it yet. 2. I was told yesterday that he had been asked to work at our Institute. 3. They were told about it last night. 4. I was offered a ticket for a (or: the) concert but I refused. 5. I was given this catalogue at a (or: the) factory. 6. Students of medical institutes are taught Latin. 7. They were shown the laboratories and the library of the University. 8. If I am offered this work, I shall, of course, agree. 9. The other day I was told a very interesting story. 10. We were told that he had gone to the factory and that he was not expected earlier than eight o'clok. 11. Yesterday I was shown some very good pictures of Sochi.
Op. 508