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341. Boomtown rats
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Получив контракт от "Ensign Records" группа выпустила свой первый сингл "Lookin' After No. 1", открывший счет веренице сорокапяток, попадавших в английский Топ 15. После гастролей с Томом Петти на свет появился дебютный одноименный альбом "Boomtown rats", сразу же оказавшийся в лучшей британской двадцатке. Летом следующего года в продажу поступил второй лонгплей "Tonic for the Troops", с восторгом принятый как публикой, так и критиками. Благодаря хит-синглам "She's so modern" и "Like clockwork" пластинка продержалась в британских чартах около года. В 1979-м "Boomtown rats" гастролировали по Штатам. Как раз в то время в одной из американских одна девочка расстреляла своих одноклассников, мотивировав это тем, что она "не любит понедельники".
342. Bosch, Hieronymus
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Even a more naturalistic painting like The Path of Life contains sinister elements. Apart from the dog snarling at the poverty-stricken old man, and the animal bones and skull in the foreground, robbers attack a traveller in the background, and a gallows is visible on the skyline above the old man's head. The Path of Life is on the outer face of the wings of a triptych. The three inside panels display Bosch's tragic work of human existence, dwelling upon the triumph of sin. Man's exile from Paradise is shown on the left, the infinite variation of human vice in the centre, and its consequence--exile to Hell--on the right.
343. Bosch, Hieronymus: The Temptation of St Anthony
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The central panel of this triptych illustrates the kneeling figure of St Anthony being tormented by devils. These include a man with a thistle for a head, and a fish that is half gondola. Bizarre and singular as such images seem to us, many would have been familiar to Bosch's contemporaries because they relate to Flemish proverbs and religious terminology. What is so extraordinary is that these imaginary creatures are painted with utter conviction, as though they truly existed. He has invested each bizarre or outlandish creation with the same obvious realism as the naturalistic animal and human elements. His nightmarish images seem to possess an inexplicable surrealistic power.
344. Boston
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Взлет этой команды был неожиданно молниеносным. Полупрофессиональный коллектив под руководством Тома Шольца (р. 10 марта 1947, Толедо, США) записал несколько демок и представил их на суд записывающей компании "Epic Records". Нежданно-негаданно ленточки впечатлили "Epic records" и Шольц объединился с друзьями Франом Шиханом (р. 26 марта 1949, Бостон, США; бас), Брэдом Делпом (р. 12 июня 1951, Бостон, США; гитара, вокал), Барри Годри (р. 29 ноября 1951, Бостон, США; гитара) и Сибом Хашианом (р. 17 августа 1949, Бостон, США; ударные) для создания группы. Недолго думая, они обозвали свою команду "Бостон", и их первый одноименный релиз достиг 3 места в чартах США, которого в конечном счете было продано 16 миллионов копий только в Штатах, и не вылазил из штатовских чартов два года. Незабываемая композиция "More Than A Feeling" мгновенно оказалась международным хитом. Мелодичный хард-рок завоевал сердца слушателей и казалось, что группе обеспечено безоблачное будущее.
345. Botticelli, Sandro
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

After Masaccio, Sandro Botticelli (Alessandro di Moriano Filipepi, 1444/5-1510) comes as the next great painter of the Florentine tradition. The new, sharply contoured, slender form and rippling sinuous line that is synonymous with Botticelli was influenced by the brilliant, precise draftsmanship of the Pollaiuolo brothers, who trained not only as painters, but as goldsmiths, engravers, sculptors, and embroidery designers. However, the rather stiff, scientifically formulaic appearance of the Pollaiuolos' painting of The Martyrdom of St Sebastian, for instance, which clearly follows anatomical dictates, finds no place in the painting of Botticelli. His sophisticated understanding of perspective, anatomy, and the Humanist debate of the Medici court never overshadows the sheer poetry of his vision. Nothing is more gracious, in lyrical beauty, than Botticelli's mythological paintings Primavera and The Birth of Venus, where the pagan story is taken with reverent seriousness and Venus is the Virgin Mary in another form. But it is also significant that no-one has ever agreed on the actual subject of Primavera, and a whole shelf in a library can be taken up with different theories; but though scholars may argue, we need no theories to make Primavera dear to us. In this allegory of life, beauty, and knowledge united by love, Botticelli catches the freshness of an early spring morning, with the pale light shining through the tall, straight trees, already laden with their golden fruit: oranges, or the mythical Golden Apples of the Hesperides?
346. Boucher, François
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Boucher, the son of a designer of lace, was born in Paris. He studied with the painter Franзois Le Moyne but was most influenced by the delicate style of his contemporary Antoine Watteau. In 1723 Boucher won the Prix de Rome; he studied in Rome from 1727 to 1731. After his return to France, he created hundreds of paintings, decorative boudoir panels, tapestry designs, theater designs, and book illustrations. He became a faculty member of the Royal Academy in 1734. He designed for the Beauvais tapestry works and in 1755 became director of the Gobelins tapestries. In 1765 he was made first painter to the king, director of the Royal Academy, and designer for the Royal Porcelain Works. His success was encouraged by his patron, Marquise de Pompadour, mistress to Louis XV. He painted her portrait several times.
347. Box tops
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Покончив таким образом с формальностями, ансамбль под руководством Пенна отправился в мемфисскую студию Момана "American", где и приступил к сессиям. Перед записью сингла "The Letter" Чилтон всю ночь пропьянствовал со своей подружкой, и поэтому голос у него соответственно был охрипший. Тем не менее запись получилась довольно интересной и, к удивлению самих музыкантов, сингл оказался на верхних строчках чартов. Мало того, он проторчал там целых четыре недели и был признан "Биллбордом" синглом года. Получив такой оглушительный успех, продюсер засуетился вовсю. Последовали дальнейшие репетиции и записи, к которым он постоянно привлекал сессионщиков. В начале 1968-го состав "Box tops" несколько изменился Эванс и Смит решили продолжить обучение, а их места в ансамбле заняли Рик Аллен из "Gentrys" и Том Боггз из "Board of Directors".
348. Boy hits car
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Подав объявление "Drummer wanted" в местные газеты, они приступили к бесконечным прослушиваниям. В конце концов, парням повезло, и на их головы свалился талантливый самоучка Майкл, уже перепробовавший себя в различных бандах. Случилось это в феврале 2003 года, и вот тогда-то был начат отсчет существования "Boy hits car". Ребята писали песни и выступали с ними в местных клубах. Однако поскольку музыканты из принципа не желали платить за свои выступления (а на лос-анжелесской клубной сцене сложилась такая "традиция"), но им выделялось самое неудачное время для сетов. Несмотря на это "Boy hits car" продолжали играть и играть, и потихоньку народ стал ходить именно на них.
349. Boпpoc кaк фopмa paзвития мышлeния
Информация пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

Логика вопросов и ответов (интерогативная, этротетическая или эротематическая логика) находит в правовой практике многообразное применение: в судебном, арбитражном и административном процессах, в деятельности следственных органов и так далее. В юридической науке имеет особое значение логическая сторона умелой постановки вопросов и оценки ответов в ходе применения методов конкретно-социологических и социально-психологических исследований, в первую очередь методов анкетирования и интервью. Во всех случаях правильность вопроса и часто истинность ответа зависит от логически правильной постановки вопроса. Правильная постановка вопроса, естественно, истинности ответа не гарантирует, но ошибочная постановка вопроса затрудняет, а иногда и исключает истинные ответы. Значение, конечно, имеет формально-логическая оценка не только вопроса, но и ответа, так как за логически неточным ответом может скрываться ответ уклончивый или даже ложный.
350. Bread
Доклад пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

В том же году группа записала еще один полноформатник, "Guitar Man", после чего в коллективе начались трения. В основном разногласия были у Гейтса и Гриффина. Дэвид, являвшийся автором большинства хитов, настаивал на выпуске одних синглов, а Джеймс придерживался иной позиции. Договориться между собой они так и не смогли, и в результате команда была распущена. Музыканты занялись сольными карьерами, а "Elektra Records" издала пару сборников лучших вещей "Bread". В 1976-м состоялся реюнион группы, и на следующий год был записан "Lost Without Your Love". Заглавный трек с этого альбома стал последним хитом ансамбля, присутствовавшим в первой десятке.
351. Britain
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Britain is only a small country, but every part is different. Scotland is a land of mountains, lakes and romantic castles. The winters are cold, with plenty of snow, but the summers are often warm and sunny. Deer live in the hills, and the rivers are full of salmon. Edinburgh, Scotland's capital, is very beautiful. The heart of the city is the castle, where the kings of Scotland lived for centuries. Edinburgh has a busy cultural life. Every year, in August, the International Festival takes place. Musicians, actors and singers come from all over the world and thousands of visitors fill the city. In the evening, the opera house, the theatres and concert halls are full. In cafes and pubs, small groups sing, act and read poetry. The castle is at its best in Festival time. Every night there is a magnificent military "Tattoo". Highland soldiers wearing "kilts" play the bagpipes and march to the music. Tartans, the patterns of the kilts, have an interesting history. Since the fifteenth century, each Scottish family (or 'clan') has worn its own tartan as a kind of badge. It was a useful way of recognizing people, especially in times of war. Many tartans date only from the nineteenth century, but some of the old patterns still exist. "Dress" tartans, worn on special occasions, have light, bright colours. Hunting tartans are usually green, blue, or brown.
352. British and American Families
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The typical British family has a car, a colour TV set, a washing machine, and a cat or dog as well. They start the day at about 7 o'clock, have breakfast at 8. and are off to work by 8.30 . More and more women now go out to work as well as men. The children have lunch at school at about 12.30, and come home at 4 in the afternoon. Their parents are usually home by 6 o'clock, and the family eats together at 6.30 or 7. In the evenings, father may go to the pub for a drink, or stay at home and watch TV with the others. Children go to bed early, at about 8 o'clock, two or three hours before their parents.
353. British holidays
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The 25th of December is Christmas Day. It is one of the people's favourite holidays. People put Christmas trees in their houses and decorate them. There are beautiful Christmas decorations in the streets. On Christmas Eve everybody puts the presents under the Christmas tree. People say that at night Father Christmas puts presents into the stockings which children usually hang on their beds. The traditional Christmas meal is roast turkey and Christmas pudding.
354. British Isles
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The beginning of the Iron Age (ab. 400 BC) British Isles were invaded by Celts armed with weapons of iron. They conquered Kent and much of Southern England. They imposed their language on the natives, its Gaelic form was used in Ireland and Scotland, the Brythonic form - in England and Wales. It was the Brythonic tribe that gave its name to the whole country. The first chronicle of Britain was written by an educated merchant from Morsel. He also wrote the first description of the people, called Celts. He said they were a gentlefolk, skilled craftsman, who welcomed visitors. The most educated visitor of Britain described the British as a fierce race. His name was Julius Caesar. Present English dates back to 5th-6th centuries, when Germanic tribes of Jutes, Saxons & Angles overran all England except Cornwall & Cumberland. Some religious terms were borrowed from Latin in connection with converting England to Christianity by St. Augustin. Some parts of England were invaded by Danes & Norwegians, that's why the languages of the Anglo-Saxons & Danes formed the basis of English.
355. British painting in the 17-18th centuries (Британская живопись 17-18 вв.)
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The love of fourteenth-century painters for graceful and delicate details is seen in such famous illustrated manuscripts as the English Psalter known as Queen Mary's Psalter(about 1310). One of the pages shows Christ in the temple, conversing with the learned scribes. They have put him on a high chair, and he is seen explaining some point of doctrine with the characteristic gesture used by medieval artists when they wanted to draw a teacher. The scribes raise their hands in attitude of awe and astonishment, and so do Christ's parents, who are just coming on to the scene, looking at each other wonderingly. The method of telling the story is still rather unreal. The artist has evidently not yet heard of Giotto's discovery of the way in which to stage a scene so as to give it life. Christ is minute in comparison with the grown-ups, and there is no attempt on the part of the artist to give us any idea of the space between the fugures. Moreover we can see that all the faces are more of less drawn according to one simple formula, with the curved eyebrows, the mouth drawn downwards and the curly hair and beard. It is all the more surprising to look down the same page and to see that another scene has been added, which has nothing to do with the sacred text. It is a theme from the daily life of the time, the hunting of ducks with a hawk. Much to the delight of the man and woman on horseback, and of the boy in front of them, the hawk has just got hold of a duck, while tow others are flying away. The artist may not have looked at real boys when he painted the scene above, but he had undoubtedly looked at real hawks and ducks when he painted the scene below. Perhaps he had too much reverence for the biblical narrative to bring his observationn of actual life into it. He preferred to keep the two things apart: the clear symbolic way of telling a story with easily readable gestures and no distracting details, and on the margin of the page, the piece from real life, which reminds us once more that this is Chaucer's century. It was only in the cours of the fourteenth century that the two elements of this art, the graceful narrative and the faithful observation, were gradually fused. Perhaps this would not have happened so soon without the influence of Italian art.
356. British press
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

The tabloid press is much more popular than the quality press. In some countries, newspapers are owned by government or by political parties. This not the case in Britain Newspapers here are mostly owned by individuals or by publishing companies, and the editors of the papers are usually allowed considerate freedom of expression. This is not to say that newspapers are without political bias. Papers like The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Express and The Sun, for example, usually reflect conservative opinions in their comment and reporting, while the Daily mirror and the Guardian have a more leftwing bias.
357. British Royal Ceremonies
Информация пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

British people are proud of pageants and ceremonies of the national capital London. Many of them are world famous and attract numerous tourists from all over the world. They include daily ceremonies and annuals. Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace at 11.30 a. m., Ceremony of the Keys at 10 p. m. in the Tower, Mounting the Guard at the Horse Guards square are most popular daily ceremonies. Of those which are held annually the oldest are the most cherished are: the glorious pageantry of Trooping the Color, which marks the official birthday of the Queen (the second Saturday in June); Firing the Royal Salute to mark anniversaries of the Queens Accession on February 6 and her birthday on April 21; opening of the Courts marking the start of the Legal Year in October; and Lord Mayors Show on the second Saturday in November, when the newly elected Lord Mayor is driven in the beautiful guilded coach pulled by six white horses to take the Royal Court of Justice where he takes his oath of office and becomes second in importance in the City only to the Sovereign (Queen).
358. British school
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

A fair idea of the British artists achievements in the field of portrait painting can be gained from the canvases by George Romney Thomas Gainsborough, John Opie, Henry Rdeburn, John Hoppner and John Russell, all marked by a vividness of expression and brilliance of execution typical of the British School of portrait painting in the days when it had achieved a national tradition. Highly important is Gainsboroughs superb «Portrait of the Duchess of Beaufort» painted in a loose and most effective manner characteristic of his art in the late 1770s. For charm of expression and brilliance of execution, it ranks among the masterpieces of the Museum.The «Tron Forge» by Joseph Wright of Derby is an interesting example of a new subject in English18th century art: the theme of labour and industry, which merged in the days of the Industrial Revolution.
359. British theatres
Статья пополнение в коллекции 12.01.2009

Until recently the history of the English theatre has been build around actors rather then companies. It has been hard to find any London theatre that even had a consistent policy. There are no permanent staff in British theatres. Apply is rehearsed for a few weeks by a company of actors working together mostly for the first time and it is allowed to run as long as it draws the odious and pays it's way.
360. British traditional holidays
Информация пополнение в коллекции 09.12.2008

Easter is one of the most important holidays in Christianity. In England its a time for giving and receiving presents, mostly Easter eggs. We can say that the egg is the most popular emblem of Easter, but spring-time flowers are also used to stress the natures awakening. Nowadays there are a lot of chocolate Easter eggs, having some small gifts inside. But a real hard-boiled egg, decorated and painted in bright colours , still appears on breakfast tables on Ester Day, or its hidden in the house or garden for children to finny. In egg that is boiled really hard will last for years. Egg-rolling is a traditional Easter pastime. You roll the eggs down a clope until they are cracked and broken, after they are eaten up.

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