Иностранный язык. Сфера сервиса (английский язык)
Методическое пособие - Педагогика
Другие методички по предмету Педагогика
the following saying.
-Nowadays a quality of education in any institute of higher education in the USA depends on the source of its funding.
Task 4. Speaking and Discussing.
. Ask your partner about an event that has changed his/her life.
. Write a short account of one of your life experience.
. Prepare a talk on an incident (exciting experience, funny/sad story, etc.) that has occurred in your life. Say why you have chosen this particular story.
. Project Work:
In your local, national or international press find interesting stories that have happened to famous people of Russia, the UK, the USA - scientists, writers, politicians, teachers, etc. Make a list of names and happenings. Discuss the information with your group mates.
Collect information on problems facing these people in your country and in some other countries. Hold a conference on the problem. Compare the situations in these countries. Think of the way to solve the peoples problems.
UNIT 5. POLITICAL SYSTEM in the UK
"The measure of a civilized society is how we educate our young and care for our old."
Read and translate the textdemocracy in Britain has a special character which stems from the fact that the British Constitution is not to be found in a single document. This does not mean, however, that Britain does not have a formal and controlled system of government. British Democracy has evolved over time. The rules which collectively form the "British constitution" are a description of current practice.like the Act of Union between England and Scotland in 1707 and the treaty with the Irish Free State in December 1921 have helped to shape the Constitution as it is today. wordsly, statute laws have established constitutional principles which have been interpreted and developed by the courts. The main institutions of government have developed gradually since the 12th century.Britain is a monarchy, but the powers of the King or Queen are limited. The monarchy is hereditary to the sons of the Sovereign in order of seniority, or if there is no sons, to the daughters. According to law, the Queen is the head of the state, the commander-in-chief of all Armed Forces of the Crown; she opens the new session of Parliament. But in each case the Queen acts not on her own, but on the advice of the government which she cannot constitutionally ignore.British Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. Parliament consists of two Houses-the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The members of the House of Commons (called Members of Parliament or MPs for short) are chosen by the electors. There must be a general election every five years, but the Government can order a general election at any time within that period. Each session of the House of Commons lasts for about 160-175 days. Parliament has 5 intervals during its work. Members of Parliament are paid for their Parliamentary work and have to attend the sittings.party that has won the general election makes up the majority in the House of Commons and forms the Government. Since the Second World War the great majority of MPs have belonged to either the Conservative or the Labor party. The leader of the party that wins most seats at a general election is by convention invited by the Monarch to form a government. He or she becomes Prime Minister and chooses the ministers who will together form the government. Government ministers - the executive- are all members of the House of Commons or House of Lords.modern British Prime Minister has very considerable powers, greater than those of many leaders of democratic states. The party with the next largest number of members in the House, or sometimes a combination of other parties, forms the official opposition, and the Leader of the Opposition is a recognized post in the House of Commons. Important members of the House of Commons are the Speaker and so called party whips. Speaker is the chairmen of the House of Commons. He is elected at the beginning of each new Parliament. Party whips are party organizers, who receive special salaries for their duties. They arrange each day's program in Parliament and tell members when they must attend debates.
"Democracy", said Winston Churchill," is the worst form of the government except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time." Democratic states take many forms, but all have a system of representative government whereby the citizens can elect and also dismiss their political leaders. For over 150 years Britain's system of parliamentary democracy has been based on organized political parties competing to form governments.may also be recognized by their adherence to 'democratic values'. These are values which enable democracy to function properly. Obviously no human institution can ever be perfect and most democracies fail, in some respect, to meet the high standards required. Still, broadly speaking, in democratic states, the rights and liberties of the individual are safeguarded. The rule of law is respected. The courts of law are free from government interference. The media (newspapers, radio and television) are free to present uncensored news and views on political issue. Without these freedoms it is difficult for democracy to survive.and expressions- договор
to evolve - развиваться, эволюционировать
sovereign - монарх
sovereignty - верховная власть
statute law - статутное право; право, выраженное в законодательных актах- наследственный, передаваемый по наследству
representative government - представительное правительство
Task 1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents.избиратьувольнятьof the stateмогущество, власть договор, соглашение
conventionглава государства
electбольшинство
dismissпостепенно
uncensored гарантировать
safeguard не проходивший цензуру
Task 2. Translate the words into Russian and write words they are formed from.
Development, government, cornerstone, lawmakers, leadership, non-binding, three-tier system, living, representative, changeable, executive, fundamental, authorization.
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA
Read and translate the textUS ConstitutionUS Constitution was proclaimed in 1787, it is the supreme law of the country, which protects the rights of all the people living in the USA. The constitution is based on three main principles:
-the first one guarantees basic rights such as right of freedom of speech and religion, right to have a trial and right to own a property;
-the second one tells about a government by the people - people can vote for their representatives and ask for new laws and changes;
-the third one tells about the three branches of the US government and their different powers: legislative, executive, judicial.Constitution includes the Preamble, 7 articles, 26 amendments, which help to make some changes or add some new things. The first 10 amendments are called Bill of Rights which must protect specific individual rights and freedom from government interference.Constitution sets up a federal system of government by dividing powers between the national, state and local governments. Two characteristics of this three-tier system of American government are fundamental. First, citizens elect officials to serve in the national, state and local governments. The authority of each level rests with the people., each level of government raises money through taxation from the citizens living in the area it serves. Unless each level of government can raise its own fiscal resources, it cannot act independently. The idea of separating powers among the various elements of government was designed to restrict governmental power and prevent its abuse. Wherever possible, the Founding Fathers (Отцы-основатели) built a system of "checks and balances" into the Constitution so that no one part of the government could supplant the other.the national level, the federal government is further divided into three autonomous branches.Legislative BranchConstitution sets up a bi-cameral body known as the U.S. Congress to raise and to spend national revenue and to draft laws. The two chambers are the Senate and the House of Representatives. The main function of the legislative branch is to make laws about trade, taxes, citizenship. It is commonly said that Congress influences American policy by exercising the "power of the purse strings" [распоряжаться деньгами]. It can maintain army, declare war, establish US Post Office, print and borrow money.Congress cannot take away the right to a trial, give title to nobility, put a tax on export, and use tax money without authorization. It cannot make laws about marriage, driver's licenses, and police. A new Congress begins every two years with the elections of new senators and representatives. It meets in Capitol, Washington D.C. The House of Representatives has large room, the Senate has smaller one. There are 435 members in the House of Representative and 100 senators. Each state elects two members of the 100-member Senate.broad powers of the whole Congress are spelled out in Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution, which not only outlines what Congress can do, but also specifically forbids Congress from certain acts. The 10th Amendment of the Constitution further limits the domain of the nation's lawmakers by stating that all powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to