Иностранный язык. Сфера сервиса (английский язык)
Методическое пособие - Педагогика
Другие методички по предмету Педагогика
the Second World War and later in the 1960s, which saw considerable expansion in new universities. These are purpose-built institutions located in the countryside but close to towns. Examples are East Anglia, Sussex and Warwick. From their beginning they attracted students from all over the country, and provided accommodation for most of their students in site (hence their name, campus universities). They tend to emphasize relatively new academic disciplines such as social science and make greater use than other universities of teaching in small groups, often known as seminars.this group there are also universities often called never civil universities. These were originally technical colleges set up by local authorities in the first half of this century. Their upgrading to university status took place in two waves. The first wave occurred in the mid-1960s, when ten of them were promoted in this way. Another thirty became polytechnics, in the early 1970s, which meant that along with their former courses they were allowed to teach degree courses (the degrees being awarded by a national body). In the early 1990s most of the polytechnics became universities. So there are now 80 universities and a further 19 colleges and institutions of higher education in the UK.to British universitieseducation in England and Wales is highly selective. Entrance to British universities is via a strict selection process is based on an interview. Applications for first degree courses are usually made through the Universities and Colleges Admission Service (UCAS), in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. After the interview a potential student is offered a place on the basis of GCE A-level exam results. If the student does not get the grades specified in the offer, a place can not be taken up. Some universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge, have an entrance exam before the interview stage. This kind of selection procedure means that not everyone in Britain with A-level qualifications will be offered the chance of a university education. Critics argue that this creates an elitist system with the academic minority in society whilst supporters of the system argue that this enables Britain to get high-quality graduates who have specialized skills.university system in BritainBritish University year is divided into three terms, roughly eight to ten weeks each. The terms are crowded with activity and the vacations between the terms - a month at Christmas, a month at Easter, and three or four months in summer - are mainly periods of intellectual digestion and private study.courses are also full-time which really means full-time: the students are not supposed to take a lob during term time. Unless their parents are rich, they receive a state grant of money, which covers most of their expenses including the cost of accommodation. Grants and loans are intended to create opportunities for equality in education. A grants system was set up to support students through university. Grants are paid by the LEA on the basis of parental income. In the late 80s (the Conservative) government decided to stop to increase these grants, which were previously linked to inflation. Instead, students were able to borrow money in the form of a low-interest loan, which then had to be paid back after their course had finished. Critics argue that students from less affluent families had to think twice before entering the course, and that this worsened the trend which saw a 33% drop in working-class student numbers in the 1980s.studying for the first degree are called undergraduates. At the end of the third year of study undergraduates sit for their examinations and take the bachelors degree. Those engaged in the study of arts such subjects as history, languages, economics or law take Bachelor of Arts (BA). Students studying pure or applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology or agriculture get Bachelor of Science (BSc). When they have been awarded the degree, they are known as graduates. Most people get honors degrees, awarded in different classes. These are: Class I (known as a first), Class II, I (or an upper second), Class II, II (or a lower second), Class III (a third). A student who is below one of these gets a pass degree (i.e. not an honors degree).who obtain their Bachelor degree can apply to take a further degree course, usually involving a mixture of exam courses and research. There are two different types of post-graduate courses - the Masters Degree (MA or MSc), which takes one or two years, and the higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which takes two or three years. Funding for post-graduate courses is very limited, and even students with first class degrees may be unable to get a grant. Consequently many post-graduates have heavy bank loans or are working to pay their way to a higher degree.university system also provides a national network of extra-mural or Continuing Education Departments which offer academic courses for adults who wish to study - often for the sheer pleasure of study - after they have left schools of higher education.of other British higher institutionsdevelopment in education in which Britain can claim to lead the world is the Open University. It was founded in 1969 in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire and is so called because it is open to all - this university does not require any formal academic qualifications to study for a degree, and many people who do not have an opportunity to be ordinary students enroll. The university is non-residential and courses are mainly taught by special written course books and by programs on state radio and television. There are, however, short summer courses of about a week that the students have to attend and special part-time study centers where they can meet their tutors when they have problems.are also a variety of other British higher institutions, which offer higher education. Some, like the Royal College of Arts, the Cornfield Institute of Technology and various Business Schools, have university status, while others, such as agricultural, drama and arts colleges like the Royal Academy of Dramatics Arts (RADA) and the Royal college of Music provide comparable courses. All these institutions usually have a strong vocational aspect in their programs, which fills a specialized role in higher education.and expressionsforce - движущая сила assume - предполагать, допускать
enrolment - регистрация
to merge - сливаться, соединяться
oversea - зарубежный
virtually - фактически
semi-independent - полунезависимый
network - сеть, сообщество
chapel - часовня
to cater - угождать
to resemble - походить, иметь сходство
to admit - допускать, признавать
to comprise - включать, содержать
pattern - система, образец civil - гражданский
to cater - поставлять
to claim - претендовать, требовать emphasize - осoбое значение
upgrade - подъём
elitist - отборнейший
to enroll - регистрировать, записывать
via - через
sheer - абсолютный extra-mural - заочный
honors degrees - почетные ступени
noticeable - заметный
to enable - давать возможность или право to modify - видоизменять
workforce - рабочая сила digestion - усвоение
grant - стипендия loan - ссуда
to fund - вкладывать, делать запас
affluent - приток
to worsen - ухудшаться
Task 5. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
higher education способностиexamучебный годучебные пособия
abilities творческая деятельность
academic yearнаука
creative activities приобретать знания по….
to acquire knowledge inнавыки, умения
study aidsвступительный экзамен
scienceвысшее образование
to assessоценивать, расценивать
Task 6. Give the English equivalents.
Ученый, предсказание, наблюдение, безработица, промышленный, модный, ценный, повторение, центральный, забывчивый, коллективный, соглашение, невозможный, исторический.
Task 7. Translate underlined words and phrases into English.
. The aim of the government is увеличить the number of students who поступают в высшие учебные заведения.
. The British University year делится into three terms, приблизительно eight to ten weeks each.
. Существует two different types of post-graduate courses - the Masters Degree (MA or MSc), which занимает one or two years, and the higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which занимает two or three years.
. There are short летние курсы of about a week that the students have to посещать and special part-time study centers where they can meet their tutors when возникают у них проблемы.
Task 8. Practiсe the following dialogues.
. At an International Conference.Clark, a British scientist, is talking to Oleg Smirnov, his Russian counterpart, at an international conference during a break.: Your recent experiments have been a great success, Mr Smirnov Congratulations! Smirnov: Thank you v