Учебно-методический комплекс английский язык высшее профессиональное образование специальности
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^ The first Laws: ancient Greece and Rome
Heritage,
To develop a concept of law,
To separate from,
Religious beliefs,
To attribute to,
To draw up a code of laws,
To apply measures,
A lawgiver,
To devise a code,
Trial by jury,
To retain,
To enslave,
A debtor,
To prohibit,
To be eligible to,
To appeal,
To contribute to,
To arise from,
To have a profound effect on.
A statesman,
Wealthy,
To introduce a law code,
Humane,
On the evidence of,
Main features,
Reliable,
Descent,
Means,
To dominate,
To own,
To monopolize,
To split into,
Rival,
Evil,
To culminate,
Subsequent,
Tyranny,
Dictatorship,
A satisfactory solution,
Moderation,
To be in force,
Severe,
Hence,
To permit,
Criminal offense,
To revise, a statute,
Homicide.
^ The foundation of British Law: the Magna Carta.
The foundation of British law: Habeas corpus act.
All-powerful,
To sign,
Threat,
Civil war,
To issue a charter,
Promise,
To grant,
To exact,
Tension,
Nobility,
To increase,
Solemn,
Unrest,
Liberties, liberty,
To agree upon,
To draft,
To seal,
To establish,
A monarch,
Unjust punishment,
Loss of life,
To stipulate,
To keep in prison,
A fair trial,
To levy a tax,
Consent,
To intend,
Although,
To regard,
A cornerstone.
To guarantee,
To hold in prison,
To quiet down,
To arrest,
Local,
Justice of the peace,
To commit to trial,
To bring to trial,
To cause,
Treatment,
To force,
Barbaric,
Outcry,
To acquit,
A warrant,
To reprimand severely,
To suspend,
To declare,
A writ.
^ The foundation of British law: the Petition of rights and the Bill of Rights.
Custody,
Resistance,
To raise taxes,
To restrict,
Financial control,
To influence.
Constitution,
A struggle,
Foundation,
To rest on,
Settlement,
Conditional,
Will,
Freedom,
To be proud,
Purpose,
Unequivocally,
To declare illegal,
To proscribe,
Royal prerogative,
To dispense with,
Maintenance,
A standing army,
In peacetime,
Authorization,
A clause,
To seek,
To eliminate,
Interference,
Elections,
Freedom of speech,
A course of justice,
To deal with,
Proximate succession to the throne,
An heir,
To abuse.
^ The European Law in the 19th century: Napoleon’s Code.
Civil laws,
To owe,
Commission,
To refine,
Diverse,
To enact,
Triumphant,
Attempt,
To treat as equals,
To regard,
A privilege,
To make sense of,
To hand down,
To adopt,
Intact,
To dominate,
To spread,
To take root.
^ The study of crime
Nature of crime,
Extent of crime,
Cause of crime,
Apprehending,
Convicting of offenders,
Correctional institutions,
Rehabilitation of convicts,
Prison,
Prevention of crime,
Objective,
To determine,
To pursue an objective,
To draw on findings,
Related fields,
To originate,
Retribution,
Deterrence,
To mitigate legal penalties,
To humanize,
To attempt,
To emphasize,
Rehabilitative measures,
Collection and interpretation of statistics,
Case study,
Practical application,
Penal institutions,
To look into the problem of crime,
To be regarded as,
Scientific study of criminals,
Forensic medicine,
A mental asylum,
To set out,
Criminal type,
Criminal instinct,
To be recognized,
Widely influential,
Emphasis on hereditary causes of crime,
To reform penal system,
To encourage more humane and constructive treatment of convicts,
More productive members of society.
^ The causes of crime
A perverse person,
To deliberately commit crimes,
At the instigation of the devil,
Evil spirits,
To be discarded,
Uninformed people,
The rational for harsh punishments,
On scientific, rather than theological grounds,
To establish relationships,
Skull structure,
Criminal proclivities,
A sophisticated theory,
Certain recognizable heredity physical traits,
Comparative study,
Jailed criminals
Law-abiding persons,
Criminal types,
Innate dispositions of crime,
Inclination toward criminal activity,
To be initiated by,
To relate criminal behavior to natural or physical environment,
Crimes against person,
Homicide,
Crimes against property,
Theft,
To attribute crime to the influence of poverty,
Unable to provide adequately for themselves,
Normal legal channels,
A burglary,
Prostitution,
Widespread unemployment,
To place the blame for..on..
Overcrowding lack of privacy,
Poor sanitation,
Feelings of derivation,
Conductive to,
A means of escape,
To relate the incidence of crime to,
Economic crises,
General sense of insecurity,
Restless,
Fearful of the future,
Crime rate,
To tend,
Convict population,
Emotionally unstable,
Mentally deficient,
Prone to criminality,
To throw further light on,
To lead to,
Multiple factors,
Converging.
Punishment
Deprivation,
A formal process of accusation and proof,
Imposition of a sentence,
Perceived wrongdoers,
Guilt producing,
Incapacitation,
Penal historians,
Lenient sentences,
Capital punishment,
Corporial punishment,
Popular and professional sentiment,
Basic modes of punishment,
Incarceration,
Community supervision,
Fine,
Restitution,
Atrocious murders,
To purposefully inflict pain.
^ Treatment of criminals
Correctional approach,
In the wake of,
A jurist,
To fit,
Inflexible penalties,
To outweigh,
To exceed,
Wanton cruelty,
Fixed punishment,
Particular circumstances,
Intellectual level,
Emotional state,
Motives,
To incite to crime,
Past record,
To be shaped by,
Forces beyond control,
To be held fully responsible for,
Individual treatment,
Parole board,
On parole,
Probation,
To adjust to,
Juvenile crime,
Adult crime,
To stem from,
Breakdown of traditional social norms,
Physical mobility.
^ Capital punishment
Infliction of the death penalty,
Long time imprisonment,
Life imprisonment,
To prescribe,
To range from ..to..
Interrogation,
Torture,
Treason,
Larceny,
Rape,
Arson,
To be sentenced to death,
Commuted by royal pardon,
To gather momentum,
Flogging,
An assassin,
A traitor,
Homicide,
To discredit,
A divine warrant,
A counterpart,
Class bias.
Capital punishment: for and against
Thug,
Social misfit,
Cosh,
Crowbar,
To batter,
Meager lifesavings,
Hospital treatment,
Suspension of punishment,
Hero-figure,
To glorify,
To pursue,
Crime-reporting,
Trashy cops,
Resistance,
Hardened criminal,
To cosset,
VIP treatment,
To pull the trigger,
To ponder,
Arsenic,
To pursue one’s duty,
Automatic weapon,
Brutal sex-maniacs,
Good conduct,
Under dog.