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Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов технических ссузов заочного отделения 2010

Вид материалаМетодические указания
Вариант № 2
Kinds of computer
Вариант № 3
Computer codes
Вариант № 4
Computer security
Вариант № 5
Подобный материал:
1   2   3   4   5

ВАРИАНТ № 2


I. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения:

  • Noise is known to be an important concept in communication theory.
  • A number of tests have shown transistors to be very sensitive.
  • Now any village has a reliable communication service, telephone communication playing a vital role in emergency and in health service.
  • If the equipment at a telephone exchange were inadequate and defective, service would suffer.
  • Successful efforts to create efficient telephone networks were made.
  • In many developing countries priority has been given to agriculture, health, education rather than telecommunications.
  • The article to be translated is very difficult.
  • Extending the telephone network into remote regions is essential.
  • The greater conductivity the substance has, the less is its resistance.



II. Прочтите и переведите письменно следующий текст.


KINDS OF COMPUTER

There are four main kinds of computer: supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.

Supercomputers are the largest, fastest, and most powerful computers. There are only a few hundred of them in the world. They consist of several processors, each of which can work on a different part of a task at the same time and at the rate of millions of instructions per second. They are used for extremely complicated calculations, usually for scientific or military purposes. Weather forecasting, where a mass of data has to be processed quickly, is a good example of where a super- computer can be helpful. Data on temperature, pressure, windspeed and direction, rainfall, and cloud cover is collected from a large number of sites, and the computer sorts it, compares it with data in its memory, and makes predictions.

Mainframes are large, powerful, general-purpose computers with a wide range of input, output, processing, and storage facilities. Like supercomputers they usually require special air-conditioned rooms. A typical mainframe computer will be found in a big organization such as a large company or government department. It will be run by several people and will be used to keep records of such things as staff salaries and accounts. Mainframes carry out different jobs at the same time by switching rapidly from one to another and doing a little bit of each at a time.

Minicomputers are smaller versions of mainframes. They are found in smaller organizations and can be operated by one or two people. A typical mini-system might have 50 terminals and a few printers. It will have a large amount of storage space.

Microcomputers (micros) are the smallest computer. They are cheap, but relatively slow, and have limited memory compared with other computers. A microcomputer's CPU fits on to a single small chip. They are used in small businesses, schools, and at home.

Micros can be divided into two categories: desktop and portable. Desktop micros (some-times called personal computers) are particularly useful for routine business work, such as word processing and accounting. They can work on their own or be linked together to form a network. Small, home micros usually cheaper than business micros, and are sometimes used for playing games. Portable micros are small and light enough to carry around, and can be powered by batteries.

ВАРИАНТ № 3


I. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения:

  • Telecommunications have been reducing the need to write letters.
  • Telephone service is known to be a reliable means of telecommunications.
  • We assume communication theory to deal primarily with systems transmitting information or data from one point to another.
  • The noise within a receiver comes irom several sources, the most important being the converter, the local oscillator ax the amplifier.
  • This method is no better than the one we have been using all these years
  • Radiobroadcasting would be impossible without electronics.
  • We know telephone service to remain unsatisfactory in most developing countries.
  • The new method to be discussed by our engineers was worked out only recently.
  • The more stages of radio frequency amplification the ceiver contains, the greater will be its sensitivity provided that these stages really amplify.


II. Прочтите и переведите письменно следующий теист.


COMPUTER CODES


Inside a computer, every piece of data, every instruction, and every result is in a code. This code is called binary code, and uses the binary number system (see BINARY SYSTEM). Unlike the decimal system, which has ten digits, or numerals, from 0 to 9, the binary system has only two digits, 0 and 1. In computer terminology, binary digits are called «bits». The binary system is used because the digits 0 and 1 can easily be represented by the absence or presence of a simple electric signal, in other words, the signal can be either «off» or «on». In this form the numeral 5, for example, which in binary is 101, will be on-off-on. The codes computers actually use are more complicated than this, but this is the general idea.

The data that goes into the computer-numbers, letters, sounds, shapes, signals - is passed from the input unit to the CPU as electronic bit codes. The program instructions also consist of bit codes, and they are stored in the memory unit in electrical or magnetic form. The instructions cause the CPU to perform binary arithmetic on all the data codes. It adds the 0s and 1stogether to give new binary codes that stand for the result. The operations that the CPU performs, such as calculating, are carried out in the form of a great many binary additions. Because binary arithmetic is very simple, the computer can do the additions extremely quickly. It takes only a millionth of a second or less to do each one. When a task has been completed, the code that represents the result goes to the output unit, which changes it back into a form that we can understand - numbers, words, sounds, pictures - or into control signals to a machine.


ВАРИАНТ № 4


I. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения.

  • Scientists have been studying this phenomenon for many years.
  • The better the telecommunications, the less the need to travel.
  • Having been tested, the substance was found to be a good conductor.
  • The plate voltage being increased, the plate current also increases.
  • The unit to be replaced was out of order.
  • We know telecommunications to increase the efficiency of the national economy.
  • If put into effect, the system would provide the transmission of data, facsimile and other services.
  • Tuning is performed automatically.
  • Telephone service was improved by replacing manual with automatic exchanges.



II. Прочтите и переведите письменно следующий текст.


COMPUTER SECURITY

It is important to protect computer systems against intrusion, damage and theft. Keeping copies of data and programs prevents information from being deleted or lost.

Passwords and user identification codes can limit the number of people who have access to a system. These are codes that have to be input into the computer before certain data can be seen or worked on. They are important to safeguard confidential information, such as medical records. They are also used to prevent access to a company's records by unauthorized people and therefore lessen the chance of someone altering them with the intention of causing trouble, or defrauding the company by instructing the computer to pay them large sums of money.

Hacking is unauthorized entry into somebody else's computer system. It may be done for the purpose of gaining information, but is also done for fun. In some countries it is illegal.

A virus is a program that alters data and programs in a computer so that they no longer function properly or are lost. Many of these annoying programs are produced for fun by enthusiasts who do not stop to think how much harm they are doing. A virus may be secretly attached to a useful program and then spread by other people copying the program so that they can run it on their own computers. It may remain inactive for some time until triggered off by some preset event or a particular date, such as Friday the 13th.


ВАРИАНТ № 5


I. Перепилите и переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения:

  • Should the automatic switching techniques be applied at the exchange, the telephone service would be much more reliable.
  • The average human voice is claimed to generate the power of several thousand millions of a watt.
  • He insists on the problem being solved at once.
  • We know telephone service to be profitable for the national economy.
  • The world telephone network is one of the greatest human achievements, it linking all countries in the world.
  • In order to study oscillations, it is necessary to specify the method of measuring them.
  • Major changes have been taking place in the quality of television reception in recent years.
  • Satellite systems to be established are very efficient.
  • The better the technology of telecommunications, the higher the economic and social development of the country.


II. Прочтите и переведите письменно следующий текст.


WAP Evolves with the Network

Evolving Networks and Technology

Present-day WAP services use two different bearer services: circuit-switched data (CSD) and short message service (SMS), each of which is significantly limited. Ericsson's network solution offers WAP over unstructured supplementary data (USSD), but at present there are no terminals that support this solution.

A CSD phone call can take up to 30 seconds to set up, which causes a major barrier for WAP. Even by improving the access time for WAP services over CSD this delay is still an obstacle to using WAP services - when a fast-access server is used, the total delay can be reduced to only 8 or 10 seconds; when a proprietary non-authenticating access server solution is used the delay can be reduced to 3 seconds.

By contrast, the set-up time for WAP over SMS is extremely short, but since SMS has far lower bandwidth than CSD, WAP over SMS is slow for services that transmit large amounts of information to the mobile terminal.

The deployment of general packet radio service (GPRS) will eliminate delays - the access time will be insignificant since GPRS is always online. Furthermore, GPRS offers much greater bandwidth than CSD.

Bluetooth is another technology that will enhance and work in symbiosis with WAP. Bluetooth will greatly enhance mobility by opening the way for communication with other electronic devices; for example, in shops. When used in combination with WAP, Bluetooth will enable communication between end-users, electronic devices, and applications and storage in the network or the Internet.

СЛОВАРЬ


А


ability способность

above наверху

accompany сопровождать

accomplish осуществлять

accordingly соответственно

in accordance with в соответствии с

accuracy точность

achieve достигать

achievement достижение

acoustic акустический

adding machine арифмометр

addition добавление.

additional добавочный

address адрес

adjustment регулировка

advantage преимущество

aerial антенна

affect влиять (на)

agree соглашаться

agriculture сельское хозяйство

air воздух, пространство

aircraft самолет, воздушное судно

allocate распределять

allow позволять, давать

возможность

alphabet алфавит

alternating current (AC) переменный ток

amount величина, количество

amplification усиление

amplifier усилитель

amplify усиливать

amplitude амплитуда

amplitude-modulated амплитудно-

модулированный

antenna антенна

apparatus аппаратура, устройство

application применение

apply применять, подавать

approach подход

appropriate соответствующий

area площадь

arrange располагать

arrival прибытие

assemble собирать

assembly комплект, собрание

assign присваивать

attention внимание

pay attention уделять внимание

attenuate ослаблять, затухать

attenuation затухание, ослабление

audible слышимый, различимый

automated control system система автомати-

ческого контроля automation автоматизация

auxiliary дополнительный

average средний


В


band полоса

band-pass filter( amplifieг) полосовой фильтр

(усилитель)

bar code штриховой код

beam луч, пучок

bell звонок

below снизу, внизу

benefit выигрыш, прибыль

bias смещение

blank space пустое место, пространство

bottom низ

box почтовый ящик ячейка

branoh отрасль

brightness information информация о яркости

bring back возвращать

broadcast receiver радиоприемник

broadcasting вещание


С


cable кабель

call звонок, вызов,

разговор

telephone call телефонный разговор long-distance call междугородний телефон

ный разговор

long distance call междугородний теле

фонный разговор

local call местный телефонный разговор

international call международный телефонный разговор

Calling device устройство вызова

camera tube передающая (телевизион-

ная) трубка

carbon granules угольные гранулы

careful осторожный

carrier несущая частота

carry передавать, выполнять

case случай

cause заставлять, вынуждать

centralized централизованный

chain цепь

conveyer цепной конвейер

channel канал

character 1.знак 2.характер

characteristics параметры, характеристики

circuit цепь, контур

circuitry схемы

claim утверждать

close-circuit television промышленное телевидение

code код

coding кодирование

coefficient коэффициент

coil катушка

collect собирать

collection сбор

colour цвет

colour Information информация о цвете

colour television цветное телевидение

combine объединять, соединять

communicate сообщаться, общаться

communication связь

communication capacity емкость связи

compare сравнивать

compatriot соотечественник

completion завершение

complicated сложный

component компонент, составная часть

computer компьютер, ЭВМ

concept понятие

concentrate концентрировать

condition условие

conduct проводить

conductivity проводимость

conductor проводник

confine ограничивать

connect соединять

connection соединение

consequently затем

consider считать, полагать

considerably значительно

construction конструкция

consume потреблять

container контейнер

on the contrary наоборот

contribute вносить вклад

control управление, контроль

control grid управляющая сетка

conversation переговоры, разговор

convert превращать, преобразовывать

converter конвертер

convey передавать

cooperate сотрудничать

copper медь

correspond соответствовать

correspondence корреспонденция

cosmonaut космонавт

cost стоимость

primary cost себестоимость

cover покрывать

crane кран, подъемник

create создавать

cross пересекать, преодолевать

cross-sectional area площадь поперечного

сечения

cup чашка, дно капсюля

current ток


D


dash тире

data данные

data transmission передача данных

day – time светлое время суток

deal (with) иметь дело с

a great deal большое количество

decade десятилетие

decrease снижать, уменьшать

defective неисправный

deflect отклонять

deflection отклонение

degree степень

delivery доставка

demodulate демодулировать

derive (from) происходить (от)

describe описывать

design 1.конструкция

2.конструировать, проектировать

destination пункт назначения

detector детектор

determine определять

develop разрабатывать

development 1. разработка; 2. развитие

device прибор, устройство

dial набирать номер телефона

dial switching коммутация путём

набора диском

diaphragm мембрана

differ (from) отличаться (от)

different различный

digit цифра

digital цифровой

diode диод

direct прямой, непосредственный

direct current (DC) постоянный ток

direction направление

discovery открытие

dissect разделять, расчленять

distance расстояние

distant удалённый, отдалённый

distortion искажение

distribution расклад, распределение

dot точка

downlink нисходящий уча

сток (в космической связи)

duplex method дуплексный метод

duration длительность, долгота


E


ear ухо

Earth Земля

earth station земная станция

economy экономика

efficiency эффективность

efficient эффективный

effectiveness эффективность

electricity электричество

electromagnetic электромагнитный

electron электрон

electronics электроника

elimination исключение

emergency communication аварийная связь

emit излучать, испускать

employ применять, использовать

enable давать возможность

ensure обеспечивать

equip оборудовать

equipment оборудование

error погрешность

essential необходимый

establish устанавливать

exchange 1. обменивать 2 обмен

exchange offiсe телефонная станция

exist существовать

expand расширять

expect ожидать

experiment эксперимент

explore исследовать, обследовать

extensive обширный


F


facility средство

facsimile факсимильная телеграфия,

фототелеграф

factor фактор

factory фабрика

fibre волокно

field поле

magnetic field магнитное поле

fill заполнить

fixed стационарный

flicker мигание

fluctuation колебание

fluorescent флуоресцентный

force сила

fork lift truck вильчатый автопогрузчик

frequency частота

frequency-modulated частотно-

модулированный

frequency shifter переключатель частот

full полный

fundamentals основы

further дальнейший, по

следующий

furthermore более того

gain усиление

gearing сообщение

generate генерировать

generator генератор

glass envelope стеклянная оболоч

ка, колба

grid сетка

ground заземление

ground antenna наземная антенна

ground station наземная станция

group группировать


H


handling обработка

headset телефонная трубка

health service здравоохранение

heat нагревать

height толщина; высота

high высокий

high-performance высокопроизводи-

тельный

high-speed высокоскоростной,

быстродействующий

hook рычаг

horizontal горизонтальный

on a house-to-house по индивидуаль-

ным адресам

huge громоздкий

human человеческий

humidity влажность


I


image изображение

impact попадание, касание

impression печатание

improve улучшать(ся), со-

вершенствовать(ся)

improvement усовершенствование

impulse импульс

include включать

increase повышать, увеличивать

identification опознание

independent независимый

individual индивидуальный,

отдельный

induce индуцировать

inductance индуктивность

inferior уступающий

influence влиять

initial исходный

input ввод, вход

insist настаивать

install устанавливать

instrument прибор

integrated circuit интегральная схема

integration объединение

intend предназначать

intensify интенсифицировать

intensity интенсивность

intercity междугородний

intermediate промежуточный

interplace чередовать

interruption прерывание

intervention вмешательство

introduce вводить, вносить

introduction введение

invent изобретать, разрабатывать

investigation изучение

investigate изучать, исследовать

involve включать в себя

item почтовое отправление