Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов технических ссузов заочного отделения 2010

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Контрольное задание № 3
Образец выполнения контрольного задания № 3
Вариант № 1
Вариант № 2
Вариант № 3
Вариант № 4
Вариант № 5
Контрольное задание № 4
Вариант № 1
How a computer works

Подобный материал:

1 2 3 4 5

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 3, необходимо повторить грамматический материал, указанный для контрольных заданий № I-2, обратив особое внимание на спряжение глаголов в Active Voice и Passive Voice, и усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Конструкции с неличными формами глагола, в том числе:

субъектный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция "подлежащее с инфинитивом"); объектный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция "дополнение с инфинитивом"); независимый (абсолютный) причастный оборот; герундиальный оборот.

2.Значение слов it, one, that и их перевод.

Образец выполнения контрольного задания № 3

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое
сказуемое. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

Electronics really began when the valve was invented.

Электроника по-настоящему началась тогда, когда была изобретена электронная лампа.

Past Indefinite, Active Voice

Past Indefinite, Passive Voice

II. Перепишите предложения. Назовите подчеркнутую конструкцию с неличной формой глагола и переведите предложение.

The result of a computation is said to involve error if the геsuit slightly differs from the solution.

Говорят, что результат вычисления содержит ошибку, если он не много отличается от правильного решения.

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот

ВАРИАНТ № 1

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое cказуемое (время, группа и залог глагола). Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

Over the last decade significant improvements have been made in the quality of reception.
The productivity of labour has been rising steadily since the new methods were introduced.
More than 300 transistors will be used in the equipment.

II. Перепишите предложения. Назовите подчеркнутую английскую синтаксическую конструкцию с неличной формой глагола. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

These stations are known to have powerful transmitters.
Telecommunications can increase the efficiency of the economy, the effectiveness of social and medical service being also improved.
We know of the postal service being the oldest type of communications.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их письменно на русский язык, учитывая изменение значения слов it, one, that в зависимости от выполняемых ими грамматических функций.

It was the addition of the third element, the grid, that made the tube usable as an amplifier.
Sometimes telephone messages can be received quicker than telegraph ones.
To understand this problem one should read a lot.

IV. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

TRANSISTORS

In growing number of applications transistors have come to take over the work that was previously done by valves. They have many advantages: they are smaller, work on lower voltages and as they have no filament they require no battery. But although their action is to some extent analogous to that of a valve, they cannot be substituted for a valve in any given circuit. They are not well suited to replace the valve in the radio control receivers, but they are widely used for adding one or two amplifier stages to those receivers in order to give more powerful receiver action. There are various types of transistors. We shall confine ourselves to the type that is most widely used in these particular applications. This is the p-n-p-junction transistor. A transistor of this type consists of a single piece of crystal that is made up of three layers. These are marked p1 n and p2. The layers p1 and p2 are made of a germanium alloy in which at any time a large number of molecules are short of electrons. The absence of a required electron in such a molecule may be considered as a positive «hole». The molecule having a «hole» may rob a nearby molecule of an electron and leave this molecule with a «hole». Thus, the holes may migrate through the material. The central layer n is made of different germanium alloy in which there is usually a surplus of electrons, so that at any time there are a considerable number of free electrons drifted about. This negative layer is only a few thousandth of an inch thick and is called the «junction». Terminals are attached to each of the three layers and are called the emitter, base and collector terminals respectively.

ВАРИАНТ № 2

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое сказуемое (время, группа и залог глагола). Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

In recent years much attention has been paid to the automation of television networks.
In the early days of telegraphy direct current was used.
The use of electronics will expand the limits of communication.

We know of his using computers to process information.
This method is expected to be used in TV broadcasting.
A satellite system being used in our country, we improved the effectiveness of emergency service.

The new devices have a number of advantages over the old ones,
It is a radio communication system that connects the USSR with many countries in the world.
This method is more efficient than that one.

IV. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

SKANING

Television images are known to be dissected and reassembled by a process called scanning. Variations is light and shade are arranged in parallel horizontal lines filling the picture area» These variations are explored from left to right, and signals are generated which correspond to the degree of light and shade along the line. When the first line is scanned, another line below is similarly covered, and so on, until the bottom of the picture is reached. In some cases picture elements may be made of dots, but in the present systems no dot structures are observed.

Bach line of the television picture is separated from the line above and the line below by a blank space of the same height as the line itself. The blank spaces are filled in during the successive scanning of the picture area. Thus two sets of lines are interplaced one within the other. These two sets of lines being scanned, all values of light and shade over the whole area of the picture are translated into a succession of electrical impulses. The picture is scanned by methods described above in order to minimize flickering in the image.

ВАРИАНТ № 3

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое сказуемое (время, группа и залог глагола). Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

Both the telephone and the telegraph are widely used in all fields of human activity.
For many years scientists have been investigating X-ray emission from mysterious sources in space.
The laboratory will have developed an improved telephone set by the end of the year.

There exist many means of improving the quality of telecommunication, optical fibres being one of them.
Radio communication is known to play an important role in our life.
We know of silver and copper being good conductors of electricity.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их письменно на русский язык, учитывая изменение значения слов it,one,that в зависимости от выполняемых ими грамматических функций.

One can say that optoelectric properties of transistors are largely used in TV sets and night-sight devices.
It is the action of the grid in an electronic tube that enables it to act as an amplifier of small voltages and currents.
The speed of computer data processing cannot be compared to that of adding machines.

IV. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

History of Television

Television is, of course, an art involving the practical application of scientific principles and, in common with other arts of this kind, it is not possible to specify a point in time when television began, especially as many of the essential principles utilized in television are of much wider application.

Historical Development. The year 1873 is usually taken as the first significant date in the history of television. In that year an operator named May at a submarine-telegraph station in Ireland noticed a slight inconsistency in the selenium resistors of his testing apparatus and from this proved that the resistance of selenium changes according to the amount of light falling on it. Scientists in many parts of the world saw in this the key to the transmission of picture, but in point of fact virtually no practical progress was achieved for more than a decade.

Early Forms of Scanning. Clearly it was essential to break up scene into a number of small areas or «picture elements» and to transmit information about the brightness of each individually. For a picture with any reasonable amount of details the number of elements is large, and it is not practicable to use so many separate wires of radio circuits for the purpose. The solution was to send the information about the individual elements one after another over a single circuit and to build up the picture at the receiving end. This process is called «scanning» and in 1884 a practical means of scanning was invented by Nipkow, who used a rotating disc pierced with a row of small holes in a spiral pattern, arranged in such a manner that the scene was effectively divided into a number of narrow strips and each strip was explored sequentially.

ВАРИАНТ № 4

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое сказуемое (время, группа и залог глагола). Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

We have been testing new equipment which carries a great deal of conversation's at the same time
The development of digital technology for communication purposes is being studied with great interest.
The study of sound waves has shown that they travel through the air.

Different systems have been used for this purpose, satellite systems being more reliable than terrestrial ones.
We insist on the experiment being made.
A television system is considered to possess means for transmitting sound synchronously with visual images.

Our new laboratory is equipped better than the old one.
It is by means of radio that we receive most of the information collected by satellites in space.
The quality of transmission in radio relay systems is as good as that of the best line communication.

IV. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

Colour Television

A practical colour-television receiver requires a picture tube that is capable of producing any combination of red, green, and blue by application of appropriate voltages. Two types of tubes that successfully achieve this result are the shadow-mask and the Chromatron tubes. Let's see one of them.

Shadow-mask Colour Tube. In the shadow-mask tube three spaced electron guns in the neck of the cathode-ray tube provide three separately controllable beams, one for each primary colour. These guns are so aligned that their beams cross at a moderate distance from the fluorescent screen. At the plane of the crossover is a thin metal sheet or shadow mask perforated with several hundred thousand very fine holes. This viewing screen is a glass plate upon which closely spaced groups of phosphor-dot trios are deposited. Each trio is associated with a particular hole in the shadow mask, and consists of three dots of phosphor that respectively emit red, green, and blue light when struck by electrons. The alignment and geometry are such that the electrons from the «red» gun can strike only red emitting dots, and are prevented by the shadow mask from striking the other dots. Similarly, the electrons from the «green» gun can strike only dots that emit green light, while electrons from the «blue» gun can strike only those dots that emit blue light. By separately controlling the number of electrons produced by each gun, the proportions of red, green, and blue light originating with any trio can be varied at will. If the viewing distance is then great enough so that the separate dots of the trio cannot be resolved the eye will perceive a colour determined by the proportions of red, green, and blue light originating from the trio. By deflecting the three beams together, it is possible to scan the surface of the fluorescent screen and thus produce a coloured picture, scene.

ВАРИАНТ № 5

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, чем выражено каждое сказуемое (время, группа и залог глагола). Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

Extensive research is now being made in electronics.
The system has been used only for emergency communication.
A new machine was invented both to receive and to transmit messages with greater speed.

International telephone calls are known to be very expensive.
We insist on his repeating the experiment to control the results.
The inductance of a coil depends on several factors, the chief of them Ьеing the number of turns and the cross-sectional area of the coil.

Using alternating current, one can use the same line to send many messages at the same time.
It was Samuel Morse who made a code for the whole alphabet and the numbers from 0 to 9.
This characteristic is similar to that of the standard semiconductor diode.

IV. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

COMPUTER

A computer is a machine that works according to a program (set of instructions) to carry out "tasks" on data (information) that has been given or entered in, to it. The tasks can be, for example, calculations with numbers, the compilation of information from data stored within the computer (such as the payment records of a company's customers), or the recognition of shapes contained in pictures or of patterns contained in music.

Computers can work out and present their results very quickly indeed, and normally the results are exactly correct. Because computers are electronic machines, they have few moving parts (compared to a car engine, for example). Therefore computers are extremely reliable, in spite of being so complex. Most computers can carry out a very wide range of tasks and can easily switch from one job to another. They can perform amazing feats of calculation, far beyond human mental ability, and can carry out simple tasks over and over again without ever making a mistake. Computers have taken over many dull and repetitive jobs in offices and factories that used to be done by hand.

Then steam engines and factory machines were invented, they gave people much greater physical power to do things. The development of computers in the late 20th century have given us greater mental power. Computers can "think" and remember things for us, and have altered how we live and work. This change is sometimes called the "computer revolution".

The field of computers is a scene of rapid development. Advances are being made all the time: the change is so rapid that the nature of computers can alter fundamentally in only a few years. This article describes in very general terms what a computer is, how it works, and how it has developed.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 4

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 4, необходимо повторить грамматический материал всего курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику, обратив особое внимание на следующие, разделы:

сравнительные конструкции;
инфинитив в функции определения;
инфинитив в функции обстоятельства;
независимый (абсолютный) причастный оборот;
причастие в функции обстоятельства;
герундий в функции подлежащего; - условные предложения;
инверсия в условных предложениях;
объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты.

ВАРИАНТ № 1

I. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык следующие предложения:

The letters of the alphabet, numbers and some punctuatior symbols in Morse code are known to be represented by a series of and dashes.
With the equipment at a telephone exchange being both inadequate and defective, service suffers.
We suppose the system to be out of order.
We have been discussing the results of your research for an
There are many problems to be solved.
If we were to extend and upgrade the original network, we should replace manual by automatic exchanges.
Using a telecommunication system as a channel for education is quite possible.
Recent advances in technology now enable reliable communications to be extended to any village or remote island.
The more efficient telecommunications networks, the higher the level of development of a country.

II. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующий текст.

HOW A COMPUTER WORKS

All computers, no matter how large or powerful, work in basically the same way. They have four units, or parts: the central processing unit; the input unit; the memory unit; and the output unit.

The brain of the computer, which does the calculation and data processing, is the central processing unit (CPU). The other three units are connected to it. The input unit is the part of the computer that is used to feed it with data — that is, the numbers, words or other kinds of things that it needs to work on in order to perform a calculation or some other operation. New data is usually «entered» using a keyboard, which is the most common input unit, while previously keyed data is often «loaded» from a tape cassette or floppy disk. The input data is received by the CPU and passed to the computer's memory unit, where it is stored ready for use by the CPU. The memory unit also contains a set of instructions. The CPU takes the data and the instructions from the memory and follows the instructions to carry out an operation (such as a calculation) using the data. This produces a result from the data which goes back to the memory until it is needed. Then, the CPU extracts the result and sends it to the last unit, which is the output unit. The output unit may be a monitor, printer, or a device for storing the information or for transmitting it to another computer.

The set of instructions that makes the CPU operate in a particular way is called a program. Different programs can be fed into the computer's memory to make the computer carry out different tasks. A home computer, for example, can be programmed to make calculations, play games, test a person's knowledge of particular subjects, keep lists of telephone numbers, and so on. The input unit of a home computer may be a keyboard or joystick, and the output unit may be a monitor or printer. In addition, most home computers have a tape or disk unit, which may be used to input data and to allow storage of data that is output Typically, a program previously recorded on a magnetic tape or disk is loaded into the computer by playing it on the appropriate unit. The data for the program to work may then be entered on the keyboard. The CPU then follows the program instructions, and sends the result to the monitor or printer.

Computers can perform an amazing variety of actions. They can handle numbers or words with ease, understand voices, read writing, recognize faces, and even sense a change in temperature. They can act on this data and display the result in a wide variety of ways: by producing moving images on a screen; drawing diagrams on paper; speaking to us using an electronically synthesized (constructed) voice; and operating machines; as well as by printing out numbers and words. How can one kind of machine do all these things?

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Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов технических ссузов заочного отделения 2010

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