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Методические указания и контрольные задания по английскому языку для студентов II курса озо фармацевтического факультета

Вид материалаМетодические указания

Содержание


X. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Подчерк­ните сложное подлежащее
XI. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните сложные дополнения
Подобный материал:
1   2
participate in metabolism as catalysts.

VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните причас­тия и укажите их форму:
  1. Being ill with bronchitis the patient took cough mixture and sulfa
    drugs three times a day.
  2. Having tested the properties of the substance, the investigator came
    to an interesting conclusion.
  3. Being depended on the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood the
    respiratory rate and its depth change according to it.
  4. Having been performed the operations of osteosynthesis of the hip
    only a day before the boy was confined to bed.
  5. Giving a large number of illustrations, the author provided a basis for
    discussions.
  6. Having been warned about water pollution in this lake we refused to
    swim there.

IX. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, под­черкните самостоятельный причастный оборот:
  1. The laboratory work having been done, the students went home.
  2. We used many procedures, the last being the best.
  3. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern has shown an alarming trend, with
    most organisms showing increasing resistance.
  4. The filterable virus being highly infective, it survives in water, food
    and on hands for days and weeks.
  5. Recovery is achived by surgical treatment, it being followed by
    prolonged antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy.
  6. The thorax is a very mobile region, the heart and lungs being in
    rhythmic pulsation.


X. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Подчерк­ните сложное подлежащее:
  1. This phenomenon has been found to have a wide occurrence.
  2. This group of patients appears to represent a unique subgroup with
    anticardiolipin syndrome.
  3. These factors are known to be associated with an increased risk of
    atherosclerosis.
  4. Human milk is less likely to lead to allergic problems than other foods.
  5. The number of drags are known to have been available for the treatment
    of cardiac failures.
  6. Vitamin D is known to be the antirachitic substance.

XI. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните сложные дополнения:
  1. Objective physical laboratory examinations showed them to be healthy.
  2. Perlman found migratory polyarthritis to be present in approximately
    69% of the cases.
  3. The fact made him think.
  4. Dr. S. found the lipofuscin granules to appear for the first time at the
    age of 16 months.
  5. We saw the typical signs of intoxication associated with the overdosage
    of this poisonous drug appearing gradually.


ХП. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно пе­реведите 1,3,4,5 абзацы:

VITAMINS

In addition to carbohydrates, fats proteins, mineral salts and water, it is essential that the food of man and animals contain small amounts of the substances called vitamins, which the living organism is unable to manufacture by itself and which have to be supplied from other sources, namely diet. If anyone of some fifteen of more of these compounds is lacking in the diet, there occurs eventually a breakdown of metabolic processes that results in symptoms of malnutrition that are classed, at the deficiency diseases. Vitamins are believed to belong to ancient elementary organic compounds and to exist before life originated on Earth. According to Academician Chagovets vitamins took part in the building up of as primary organism together with such "blocks" of living matter as nucleic acids, proteins aminoacids.

Like the hormones, vitamins are considered to be very potent, and daily intake of the order of 0,1 to 5 mg is 2 adequate except in the case of vitamin С of which much larger amounts are required. In addition to being "accessory food factors" necessary for the maintenance of health and indeed for life itself, the synthetic vitamins are now recognized as being valuable therapeutic agents for treatment of deficiency syndromes and as such they may legitimately be considered as drugs. The vitamins as a class are not chemically related, and they are classified according to their solubility and chief therapeutic effect into two groups: 1) water - soluble vitamins 2) fat - soluble vitamin group. It is known to be essential for the maintenance of normal epithelial tissue.

Vitamins A is an unsaturated cyclic alcohol. It is synthesized by at least three separate processes. It has been concentrated and isolated from the non-saponiflable to be present in fish oil, both in the free alcohol and in the ester form. The source of all vitamin A is in the carotenoid pigments, the yellow -coloured, compounds occurring in all chlorophyll -containingplants. In pure form it is a pale yellow oil, soluble in fat solvents, having an ultra - violet absorption spectrum. The ester forms of the vitamin have been found to possess greater stability than the free alcohol.

Vitamin Bl, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Vitamin В12, Vitamin С and other are stated to belong to the water - soluble vitamin class. Vitamin B2 (riboflavine) is built up from a ribose and isoalloxazine residue, the name riboflavine being derived from the sugar component and the intense yellow fluorescence of its agucous solution. It is of wide occurrence in nature and constitutes a component of the flavin coenzome systems.

Vitamin С (ascorbic and acid) is essential for the normal functioning of living cell and is involved in many enzymatic reactions. It is required for the development of cartilage, teeth and bones, for wound healing and aiding the absorption of iron from the intestine. Gross deficiency causes scurvy.

Notes
  1. breakdown-нарушение
  2. to result in - зд. в результате появляются
  3. the deficiency diseases - болезни, вызываемые нехваткой факторов пи­
    тания, болезни недостаточности
  4. of the order - порядок
  5. in addition to being "accessory food factors" - кроме того, они являют­
    ся добавочными факторами питания
  6. as such - как таковые

Тексты для самостоятельного чтения: (См. учебник М.С.Муравей-ская, Л.К.Орлова "Английский язык для медиков."- Москва, 1999), "BelozerskyA.N. (Russian Biochemist and Molecular Biologist)." Стр. 80.