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  • 781. History of runes
    Разное

    The origin of futark remains the matter of severe debates between historians, linguists and philologists. There are two main theories: 1) Runic writing appeared on the basis of Latin alphabet; 2) cradles of these signs are in transalpine and North Italian scripts. Scientists have a lot of historical facts, approving that Etruscan merchants used this system. Probably they brought it to the North (6-th c. B.C.). However some researchers think that runes cropped up in German tribes from ancient Rome Latin writing. Comparing 3 letter types we have: 10 runic letters in Etruscan language, which absolutely coincide each other; 5 coinciding runic letters and 8 resembling ones in Latin. Latin, Etruscan and some symbols from Greek originate from Akhiram alphabet (10c. B.C.). But the construction of runic alphabet (RA) different from others for example, order of the first letters. The main period of development is one, when occult signs, used in Alpine region and in the North, became combine sole system. Many runic symbols were used as icons, showing various things and animals. Some runologists suppose that even in the most developed variant they are close to pictures: rune “Fehu” f symbolizes cattle, Thurisaz q l, thorn, Wunjo w weathercock, Algiz z elk, Zin xxs lightning, Yr u bow, Edhwaz m horse.

  • 782. History of runic alphabets
    Разное

    The origin of futark remains the matter of severe debates between historians, linguists and philologists. There are two main theories: 1) Runic writing appeared on the basis of Latin alphabet; 2) cradles of these signs are in transalpine and North Italian scripts. Scientists have a lot of historical facts, approving that Etruscan merchants used this system. Probably they brought it to the North (6-th c. B.C.). However some researchers think that runes cropped up in German tribes from ancient Rome Latin writing. Comparing 3 letter types we have: 10 runic letters in Etruscan language, which absolutely coincide each other; 5 coinciding runic letters and 8 resembling ones in Latin. Latin, Etruscan and some symbols from Greek originate from Akhiram alphabet (10c. B.C.). But the construction of runic alphabet (RA) different from others for example, order of the first letters. The main period of development is one, when occult signs, used in Alpine region and in the North, became combine sole system. Many runic symbols were used as icons, showing various things and animals. Some runologists suppose that even in the most developed variant they are close to pictures: rune “Fehu” f symbolizes cattle, Thurisaz q l, thorn, Wunjo w weathercock, Algiz z elk, Zin xxs lightning, Yr u bow, Edhwaz m horse.

  • 783. History of the Beatles
    Литература
  • 784. History of 'The Beatles' and biographies of members in english
    Литература
  • 785. History of the USA
    Разное

    Decisive in acting abroad, Bush failed to evolve a domestic program that adequately addressed a persistent recession starting in 1990. That year, despite the recession, he and congressional leaders agreed to a deficit-reduction package that raised federal taxes, thereby breaking his "no new taxes" 1988 election campaign pledge. He also failed on his promise to be both "the environment president" and "the education president," and angered many women by nominating Clarence THOMAS to the Supreme Court and continuing to support him despite allegations of sexual harassment. Concerned about the economy and demanding change, many conservative Republicans backed political columnist Patrick J. Buchanan's effort to contest Bush's renomination while moderates rallied to the independent candidacy of H. Ross PEROT. Also focusing on the nation's economic woes and promising change, William Jefferson "Bill" CLINTON, governor of Arkansas, beat several rivals in the Democratic primaries and chose as his running mate Tennessee senator Albert GORE--like Clinton, a baby-boomer, a white Southern Baptist, and a moderate. Capitalizing on a slumping economy and increasing unemployment, the Clinton-Gore ticket won 43 percent of the highest voter turnout (55 percent) since 1976 and 370 electoral votes. The Republicans Bush and Quayle tallied just 37 percent of the popular vote and 168 electoral votes, while Perot garnered 19 percent.

  • 786. Hobby - Travekkung
    Разное

    People on our planet cant live without travel now. Tourism has become a highly developed business. There are express trains, cars and jet-air liners all of that provide you with comfort and security. What choose to make? Its up to you to decide. There is a great varieties of choose available for you. If you travel for pleasure you would like by all means to enjoy picturesque places you are passing through, you would like seeing the places of interest, enjoying to sight seeing of the cities, towns and countries. You will have a good opportunity to enjoy wonderful monuments of cultural and historical places to learn a lot about the history of your country, about the world around us, to visit different countries, to meet people of different nationalities, to learn a lot about their traditions, costumes, culture. In other words you will broaden your mind. Nowadays people travel not only for pleasure but also on business to home and international business is developing. You have to go to other countries to take part in different negotiators, to sigh contacts, to participate in different exhibitions, in order to exhibit the goods of your firm or company. Travelling on business helps you to get more information about achievements of other companies, which will make your own business more successful. There are a lot of means of travelling by sea, by plane, by car, on foot: tastes differ. That is why it is up to you to decide which means of travelling you would prefer. No wonder one of the latest means of travelling is travelling by plane. It combines comfort and speed and you will reach the place of destination very quickly. Before bordering the plane you must register at the airport. You are required to have your baggage weighed. Each passenger is allowed 20 kilograms of baggage free of charge. But if your baggage is heavier you must pay an extra charge. Before the plane takes off the stewardess gives you all the information about the flight the speed and altitude. She asks you to fasten the felts and not to smoke. She will take care of you during the flight and will help you to get comfortable, in your seat. Inside the cabins the air is always fresh and warm. During the flight you can take a nap or a chat, you can, you can read and relax. In some plains you can watch video or listen to the music. When the plane is landing or taking off you have an opportunity to enjoy the wonderful scenery, the magnificent works or pictures and landscapes. While travelling by plane you fly past varies, villages, cities and towns at the sight of which realize how majestic and tremendous is our planet. You enjoy the nature in the riches its splendor. No doubt travelling by air is the most convenient, comfortable and the quietest means of travelling. But there are some disadvantages. If you are airsick the flight may seam a real farther to you. Unfortunately sometimes the flights are delayed because of our unfavorable weather conditions, and one inconvenient more it is the jet-lag, a different between the time you are accustomed to attend the new time.

  • 787. Holidays and traditions in english-speaking countries
    Литература
  • 788. Holidays in England
    Иностранные языки

    The celebration of New Year's day varies according to the district. In the south of England, the festival of Christmas, lasting 12 days from December 25th, runs on well into the New Year. The decorations of coloured streamers and holly, put up round the walls, and of course the fir-tree, with its candles or lights, are not packed away until January 5th. On the evening of December 31st, people gather in one another's homes, in clubs, in pubs, in restaurants, and hotels, in dance halls and institutes, to "see the New Year in". There is usually a supper of some kind, and a cabaret, or light entertainment. The bells chime at midnight. The people join crossed hands, and sing "Auld lang syne", a song of remembrance, which means "the good old days," was written by Robert Burns in 1788.

  • 789. Holidays in the United States of America
    Культура и искусство

    On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes knock on their neighbours' doors and yell, "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbours drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbours exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints' Day. The Mass that was said on this day was called All Hallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiwe'en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs. 31st was the eve of the Celtic New Year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the New Year the people carried the food to the edge of town and left it for them.originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colours, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes of witches and black cats.are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-coloured squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween colour. Carving pumpkins into jack- o'lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips, beets or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o'lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o'-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!" StoriesHalloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually one person talks in a low voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia.

  • 790. Holidays of Russia
    Иностранные языки

    In comparison with other world, Russia actively celebrates two New Year's holidays. One in the night from December, thirty first for January, first, and the second, "Old New year" on thirteenth of January that surprises foreigners got on New Year's holidays to Russia as at the majority of the countries arrival of New year means much, only change of a calendar cycle and widely it is not marked (celebrated), attaching special significance to Christmas. Now it seems to us that so was always. But the tradition of a meeting of New Year is much younger, than in the countries of Europe. New Year in Ancient Russia, as well as at many other people, began in March and merged with the pagan holiday of a pancake week marking a seeing-off of winter and a meeting of spring. In the tenth century with Christianity acceptance to Russia has come юлианский a calendar on which year began on first of September. But only in the end of the fifteenth century this date began to be marked (celebrated) officially as the beginning of church and civil New Year. And only Peter I, carrying out calendar reform, in 1700 has established (installed) the beginning of New Year since January, 1st. The special decree Peter I demanded solemn and cheerful celebrating of this event. Moscow, therefore all celebrating was capital then passed (took place) on Red Square. However since 1704 of a celebration have been transferred (carried) to northern capital. However, in those days not feast and national гуляния was the main thing. By January, 1st of the house of grandees and commoners were decorated by fur-tree or pine branches which needed to be dressed up not toys, as now, and fruit, vegetables, nuts and even eggs. And all products were not only an ornament, but also symbols: apples were a symbol of fertility, egg a symbol of harmony and full well-being. Since then the meeting of New Year with a green fur-tree, needles, and then with Father Frost and the Snow Maiden became on first of January traditional in our country. Old New Year is the holiday marked (celebrated) according to New Year on юлианскому to a calendar (now in the night from 13 for January, 14th) and being, as a matter of fact, a historical echo of change of chronology. It (He) is known and popular in Russia though it is marked (celebrated) also in Serbia, Switzerland and some other countries. It (He) is marked (celebrated) in a greater degree by those who could not meet New Year on thirty first of December. And also the Russian orthodox Christians who observe from November, twenty till January, sixth the Christmas post and which to meet New year on Julian sky style more conveniently not to break instructions of the Christmas post.

  • 791. Hollidays
    Разное

    I think I can describe myself as a home-sitting person - Id usually prefer staying at home near the TV set in an armchair than going on a cruise, or hiking, or whatever. But, after I tried jet-ski and windsurfing this summer I have changed my point of work at the holidays. To enjoy the speed of jetski is much more exciting rather than to take a sunbath!

  • 792. Homo totus – феномен педагогического человековедения
    Философия

    «Системно-диалектическая связь биологического и социального в человеке, по утверждению Г.Г.Караваева [9] , лучше всего может быть описана в методологическом ключе принципа дополнительности, ибо подобно тому как электрон обладает и корпускулярными и волновыми свойствами, человек ведет себя в разных жизненных ситуациях и как биофизическое, и как социально-духовное существо, ибо он обладает и биологическими, и социальными свойствами, хотя они кажутся несовместимыми. Целостная же картина его мотивации, поведения, других форм проявления возникает только при совмещении этих взаимно дополняющих друг друга характеристик». Иными словами, физическая, умственная, социальная подсистемы существуют в человеке в постоянном взаимодействии и также постоянно влияют на его развитие и поведение, разделить же их можно только в научном анализе, мысленно, в целях углубленного изучения каждой из них и организма в целом. С точки зрения целостности, системности, на наш взгляд, большой интерес представляет структура личности по К.Г. Юнгу [18].

  • 793. Homonymy in English
    Иностранные языки

    Fast as an isolated word, therefore, may be regarded as a variable that can assume several different values depending on the conditions of usage, or, in other words distribution. All the possible values of each linguistic sign are listed in the dictionaries. It is the duty of lexicographers to define the boundaries of each word, i.e. to differentiate homonyms and to unite variants deciding in each case whether the different meanings belong to the same polysemantic word or whether there are grounds to treat them as two or more separate words identical in form. In speech, however, as a rule only one of all the possible values is determined by the context, so that no ambiguity may normally arise. There is no danger, for instance, that the listener would wish to substitute the meaning quick into the sentence: It is absurd to have hard and fast rules about anything2, or think that fast rules here are rules of diet. Combinations when two or more meanings are possible are either deliberate puns, or result from carelessness. Both meanings of liver, i.e. a living person and the organ that secretes bile are, for instance, intentionally present in the following play upon words:

  • 794. House and home in the world outlook of different cultures
    Педагогика

    I am going to look at the Slavonic, Chinese and Madagascarian traditions concerning home. Slavonic because Belarus is a Slavonic country; Chinese because their traditions are very popular in our country as well as in the whole world; Madagascarian to compare these two with something extremely exotic. I must mention that Slavonic traditions are close to those in other European countries as Europe has been Christian since the earliest times; Chinese traditions are also widespread in other Asian countries; and Madagascarian ones are stuck to in many African countries and on the isles of the Indian Ocean. Thus, comparing the three types of traditional culture I shall compare the outlook of three large regions of the world. It is rather difficult to find the roots of this difference; they probably lie in the mentality of nations worked up for thousands of years. Slavonic traditions are based on the Christian way of life, though one still can see there a strong influence of popular beliefs. The basis for the Chinese way of life is the understanding of the Universe as a mixture of different kinds of energy. As for Malagasies, they live in accordance with the belief that spirits rule the world. So any aspect of building a house has its own rules different from those in other cultures and sometimes even opposite to them.

  • 795. How "DNA" testing works
    Иностранные языки

    Неадекватное совещание: Вне некомпетентных адвокатов, кто населяют, любая назначенная судом система, Конгресс и администрация Клин тона поместила национальных 3,600 сожителей (сожительниц) камеры смертников в агонию, ловят (поймают) -22. Согласно Американскому Проекту Представления Смертной казни Ассоциации юристов, в государстве (состоянии) подобно Калифорнии, приблизительно третья часть (треть) сожителей (сожительниц) камеры смертников должен ждать в течение лет, которые будут назначены адвокаты, чтобы обратиться с их прямыми государственными обращениями. И на уровне постосуждений (пост убеждения) в некоторых наборах, сожители (сожительницы) не имеют доступ адвокатам вообще. Ловящийся (пойманный) isdiatdie 1996. И - терроризм и Эффективный Deatii Акт Штрафа имеют устав ограничений, требующих diat файл сожителей (сожительниц), федеральный habeas corpus ходатайства (просьбы о федеральном обзоре суда) в пределах одного года после умирают конец их прямого государственного обращения (привлекательности). Другими словами, потому что они не имеют никакого адвоката после того, как их прямые обращения, сожители (сожительницы) часто беспомощно наблюдают, умирают, часы заканчиваются на их шансе для федерального обзора. Это сокращает на фривольных обращениях - но также и на, которые могли показать несправедливость брутто.

  • 796. How Many Physical Constants are Truly Fundamental?
    Разное

    The proton was discovered in the early 20-th. in experiments with alpha-particles. In experiments on dispersion on protons of electrons and gamma - radiation the authentic proofs of existence of a certain internal structure from this particle were received. In 1970, it became possible to receive the direct proof in experiment in the Stanford centre of the linear accelerator (SLAC), that the proton really has internal structure [1]. However, the concrete internal structure of a proton remains unopeneded up. The hypothesis of quark as fundamental basis of elementary particles, has not resulted in an establishment of concrete internal structure of a proton. As it is marked in [1]: "Quark model was offered for an explanation of variety of adrons. It is nothing telling about an internal structure any of these particles by an obvious image " Till Now there is no understanding, on what principles the mechanism of formation of structure of a proton is constructed. On this reason there is no explanation of its mass, which is equal to 1836,1526675 (39) masses of electrons. Mass of a proton is determined experimentally. There are no the theory of mass of a proton and analytical relation for Яalculation of its mass. >From all heavy particles the proton is a single steady particle. The proton is a basis of all complex material formations of the Universe. The world is obliged by existence to a proton, however level of knowledge about it does not correspond to its role in universe. To puzzle out such Яonundrum of problems, it is necessary to open concrete internal structure and to create the theory of its internal structure. The physicists have already come closely to such problem, when it is necessary to give the answer to a question: ? what concrete internal structure of particles is, as also what the Nature for them used as a building material? ¦ There are all reasons to believe, that the theory of internal structure of a proton will open access to new methods of receiving of energy. The development of energy of a proton can become the major factor in the decision of a power problem. This article is devoted to the decision of this task.

  • 797. HOW SIGNIFICANT WAS ALEXANDER DUBCEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFORMIST COMMUNISM?
    История

    Since the 1962 the Czechoslovak economy suddenly began to show signs of a critical decline. That happened inevitably, because in the Stalin years the expansion of heavy industry was pushed at the expense of development of all other productive sectors of the economy. The result of this was growing inefficiency of production, failure to modernise production technology, a decline in the quality of exports, a loss of markets, and a drop in the effectiveness of foreign trade. In August 1962 the Third-Five-Year Plan had to be abandoned before completion. In this situation the Slovaks began to act. Many of them realised that specific Slovak interests might best be served by destalinization and even liberalisation. The problem also was the rehabilitation of the victims of the purge trials of 1949-1954. Novotny himself and other leading members of his regime had personally participated in the preparation and conduct of the purge trials. So, the rehabilitation was perceived as the direct threat to the security and the survival of the regime. All these factors only decreased the level of CPCSs legitimacy.

  • 798. How telecommunication change the defenition of work \Telework\
    Разное

    What new brings telework to this field? First it is ease of control and measurement. Results in electronic form can be easily archived, analysed by computers, forwarded for checking and copied. Next, all information about time and efforts spent is available. Another thing is that fixed time-based salaries are gone. The company will no longer care so about who and how much spent on a task. This will become a question of personal choice. Now everyone will be given a freedom to decide whether to work or to have a rest. This can differentiate workaholics from ordinary lazy people. Right now there are same rules for everybody. Rarely a company wants to have a lot of part-time workers. We cannot imagine a worker coming to factory when he is in the right mood. But with distant jobs you can have workers switching every now and then. We can even dream about perfect labour marketplace with contracts signed electronically for several hours. The psychological problems of switching jobs will be minimised. The retirement will no longer mean break of social relations, because they aren't based on physical presence in the company HQ or at the factory.

  • 799. How to make career in hotel business
    Иностранные языки

    3) The peculiarities of the hotel service are:

    1. The processes of the production and the consumption are not synchronous. This means that several kinds of service do not connect with the presence of the client (cleaning the rooms).
    2. Limited possibility of the keeping.
    3. Urgency of the service. The problem concerning the service must be solved very quickly. The urgency and the situation of the hotel are the most important factors by the choice of the hotel.
    4. The broad participation of the staff in the production process. Personal service cannot be mechanized or automated. Some technologies are being instituted to speed up routine tasks, but the human element is the determining one of the hospitality business. Therefore the problem of the standardization is significant in the lodging industry. The standards of the service are worked out at many hotels. They are the rules of the service, which guarantee the level of quality of all operations. These are the time of the official registration, the knowledge of foreign languages and the out-word appearance of the personal. The work at the hotel brings the employee into contact with people from all walks of life. Guests will include the wealthy and the poor, engaging and obnoxious. Each guest offers the employee an opportunity learns more about human nature. Employees not only have direct responsibility for guest service, the also have the benefit of witnessing the guests satisfaction. The managers generally need more hands-on experience before assuming managerial positions. The skills of understanding, motivation and directing people can best be developed through experience.
    5. Seasonal demand for the hotel service. It has an influence on the loading of the hotel.
    6. Interdependency between the hotel service and the purpose of the traveling.
  • 800. How to negotiate effectively
    Разное

     

    • Knowledge of subject matter being negotiated
    • Ability to think clearly and rapidly under pressure and uncertainty
    • Ability to express thoughts verbally
    • Listening skills
    • Judgement and general intelligence
    • Integrity
    • Ability to persuade others
    • Patience
    • Decisiveness