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Анастасия Александровна Максимова, преподаватель той же кафедры; Мария Александровна Петрова, преподаватель той же кафедры методические указания

Вид материалаМетодические указания

Содержание


The Debating society
2. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English
4. Fill in the prepositions
5. Complete the following sentences and use them as a plan to retell the text
6. Translate the sentences into English.
7. Read the passage about people in education and choose the correct article a/the. Sometimes there is no need to use any articl
8. Check your knowledge. Match the definitions with one of the given words
10. Put the following sentences in the correct order to make up a story
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OXBRIDGE


What are the most famous universities of Great Britain? When were they founded? How do students study there? You will find the answer to these questions if you read the next text.

Before reading study the words and phrases given in the table. Mind the pronunciation of the following words! Look them up in the dictionary and write down the transcriptions. And now practise reading them.

coat of arms
герб

self-governing
самоуправляющийся, автономный

purpose
цель

chapel
капелла, часовня

chancellor
ректор

hostel
общежитие

the cost of education
стоимость образования

speciality
специальность

individual tuition
индивидуальное обучение

to guide through
вести, быть руководителем

a wide range of subjects
широкий спектр предметов

to be awarded
присуждаться

public ceremony
общественная церемония

gown
мантия

society
общество

to debate
обсуждать, дискутировать

up-to-day issues
современные, насущные проблемы

politician
политик


Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most traditional universities in Great Britain. They are often called Oxbridge to denote elitist education. Oxford was established in 1249, the first college at Cambridge, Peterhouse, was founded in 1284. The universities were only for men until 1871, when the first women's college was founded. Almost all colleges are mixed now and people from different parts of the world come to Oxbridge to study and to get degrees.

Oxford and Cambridge universities consist of a number of colleges. Each college has its name, its coat of arms. Each college is self-governing. The large colleges have more than 400 members; the smallest ones have less than 30. Within a college there is a chapel, a dining-hall, a library, and rooms for students and for teaching purposes. All the students must pay for their education, examinations, books and libraries, laboratories, university hostel. Very few students get grants. The cost of education depends on the college and speciality.

The head of the university is a chancellor who is elected for life. The teachers are usually called 'dons' and 'tutors'. Teaching is carried out by tutorial system for which Oxford and Cambridge universities are known all over the world. This is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges. Every student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The tutor plans the student's work and once or twice a week a student goes to his tutor to discuss his work with him. Each college offers teaching in a wide range of subjects. Students usually study only one or two subjects, such as politics and philosophy, or German and linguistics, for the whole of their course.

After three years of study students take the Bachelor's degree, and later the Master's and the Doctor's degrees. The degrees are awarded at public degree ceremonies. Oxford and Cambridge universities respect their traditions, such as the use of Latin at degree ceremonies. And students must wear gowns at lectures and exams.

The universities have over hundred societies and clubs. There are religious societies and societies for those who don't believe, sport and drama clubs. The Debating society is very popular among the students. There they debate political and other important up-to-date issues with the famous politicians and writers. Their debates are shown on TV.

A number of great men, well-known scientists and writers studied at Oxbridge, among them Erasmus, the great Dutch scholar, Roger Bacon, the philosopher, Oliver Cromwell, the soldier, John Milton and George Gordon Byron, the poets, Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin, the scientists.

1. Give the translation of the underlined words in the text. Learn them by heart.

2. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English:
  • mixed college;
  • chancellor;
  • tutorial system.

3. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words and phrases:
  • to be established;
  • to take the degree;
  • to receive grant;
  • a great number of;
  • to be given.

4. Fill in the prepositions:
  1. Oxford and Cambridge universities consist … a number of colleges.
  2. All the students must pay … their education.
  3. The cost … education depends … the college and speciality.
  4. Teaching is carried out … tutorial system.
  5. These universities are known all … the world.
  6. Tutor practically guides a student … the whole course of studies.
  7. Once or twice a week a student goes … his tutor to discuss his work … him.
  8. The degrees are awarded … public degree ceremonies.
  9. Their debates are shown … TV.

5. Complete the following sentences and use them as a plan to retell the text:
  1. These universities are often called Oxbridge…
  2. The first college at Cambridge…
  3. The universities were only for men until 1871…
  4. People from different parts of the world…
  5. Oxford and Cambridge universities consist of…
  6. Within a college there is…
  7. The cost of education depends on…
  8. Teaching is carried out by…
  9. Every student has a tutor…
  10. After three years of study…
  11. Oxford and Cambridge universities respect…
  12. There are religious societies…

6. Translate the sentences into English.
    1. Самые известные университеты Великобритании находятся в Оксфорде и Кембридже.
    2. Образование в этих элитных университетах очень дорогое, стоимость обучения зависит от колледжа и специальности.
    3. Очень мало студентов получают стипендию, она не покрывает плату за обучение и всех расходов на жилье.
    4. После окончания университета студенты получают степень бакалавра, которая присуждается на торжественной церемонии.
    5. Студенты, которые интересуются политикой, могут вступить в Дискуссионный клуб (to join the Debating society) и обсуждать актуальные проблемы с ведущими политиками и писателями.

7. Read the passage about people in education and choose the correct article a/the. Sometimes there is no need to use any article, so cross out both.

A/The professor is not a/the teacher in a/the secondary school but has a/the highest academic position in a/the university. A/The lecturer is a/the university teacher. Lecturers and professors give a/the lectures. A/The students in Britain usually have a/the tutor who gives them a/the advice and teaches them in a/the small groups. You graduate from university with a/the degree. If you do a/the postgraduate work, you will have a/the supervisor to help and advise you.

8. Check your knowledge. Match the definitions with one of the given words:

tutor; professor; lecturer; undergraduate; groupmate; supervisor
  • someone who is still at university studying for the first degree;
  • someone who is in the same group as you;
  • someone who helps and advises postgraduate students;
  • someone who teaches at a college or university;
  • someone who is responsible for teaching a small group of students;
  • someone with the highest academic position in a university.

9. What do you know about schools in Great Britain? Read the passage and fill the gaps with an appropriate word from the list. The first letter of each missing word is given to help you.

grammar school; nursery school; state school; infant school; play school; primary school; public school; middle school; secondary school; comprehensive school

A n... or p... is for children aged two to five. A p... includes i... and lasts from the age of 5 to 11. In Britain, at the age of 9 some children go to m... before going to s... . Bright pupils sometimes go to g... after taking an examination, but most children go to a mixed ability c... . A p... in Great Britain is private and parents pay for education. A s... is free.

– Ask your teacher to find out more information about schools in Great Britain.

e.g. What does comprehensive school mean?
  • Make true/false statements and ask your partner to comment upon them.
  • Compare school education in Russia and Great Britain.

10. Put the following sentences in the correct order to make up a story:
  1. Her research is in international law.
  2. When she was at nursery school, Maria played and had fun.
  3. After finishing her BA, she took a year off.
  4. In her infant school she began learning how to read and write.
  5. She got into grammar school and did well in all subjects.
  6. When she was at junior school, she loved history.
  7. She got a place at university to do law.
  8. She decided to do postgraduate work.
  9. In the sixth form she passed A-levels to get into university.

Work in pairs. Make up the dialogue – interview with Maria. Give some additional information, e.g.:

You:
What did you do when you were at nursery school?

Maria:
Oh, when I was at nursery school, I played and had fun. We had a very kind teacher, her name was Jennifer ……………

You:
Did you have to wear uniform at grammar school?

Maria:
……………

You:
Could you choose subjects you studied?

Maria:
……………

11. Would you like to get higher education in Great Britain? Imagine that you apply for vacancy in one of the British universities. Ask your groupmate, 'a British student', about higher education and students' life in Great Britain.
  • Ask about different types of universities.
  • Find out the entrance requirements.
  • Get the information about the process of education (subjects, methods of teaching).
  • Don't fail to ask about tuition fees and living expenses.
  • Be sure to ask about degree titles.