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OR
Webster, Douglas D. A Passion for Christ: An Evangelical Christology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 89.
3.1.6 Page numbers
If a book is cited in a bibliographic entry, the page numbers are not given unless the reference is to a specific chapter or article in the book. If a journal article is listed, the page numbers must be given.
Book:
Pospielovsky, Dimitry. The Russian Church under the Soviet Regime, 1917-1982,
Volume One. Crestwood, N. Y.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1984.
Article:
Bailey, Kenneth E. “Women in the New Testament: A Middle Eastern Cultural View.”
Anvil Volume 11, Number 1 (1994): 7-24.
4. Parenthetical References and Reference Lists
Some fields of scholarship, such as the natural and social sciences prefer the use of parenthetical references and reference lists to footnotes and bibliography. Authors writing about history or Christian education may occasionally use this style.
In parenthetical reference style, when an author is quoted or otherwise referred to, the surname of the author (or editor, compiler, translator, group of authors, etc.) is introduced into the body of the text in parentheses, together with the year of publication. There is no comma between the name and the year. Works having more than three authors use the name of the first, followed by et al. or and others. The page number from which the quote is taken follows after a comma.
(Sannikov 2001,121)
(Hudson and Townsend 1988, 70)
(Alexander and others 1999, 42)
Details on the publications quoted are then given in the reference list at the end. Like a bibliography, a reference list is organized alphabetically according to the authors’ last name and single-spaced with one blank line between entries. The first line of each entry is flush left, and any additional lines are indented five spaces.
The information in the reference list is presented in the following order:
- Author’s name, surname first.
- The year of publication.
- The full title and subtitle of the book (in italics), or article (without quotation marks), capitalized in sentence style (capitalize the first word of the title or subtitle and only proper nouns and proper adjectives thereafter).
- Full name of editor(s) and translator(s).
- Name of series, and volume and number in the series.
- Edition, if other than the first.
- Number of volumes.
- City where the book was published (and state or province, if in North America and not well known), followed by a colon.
- Name of publisher.
Note that all the items in a reference list are separated from one another by a period except for the city where a work was published, which is followed by a colon.
Examples of reference list style:
Alexander, Patrick H., John F. Kutsko, James D. Ernest, Shirley A. Decker-Lucke,
David L. Peterson. 1999. The SBL handbook of style for ancient near eastern,
biblical, and early Christian studies. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.
Hudson, Bob and Shelley Townsend, eds. 1988. A Christian writer’s manual of style.
Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
Sannikov, S. V. 2001. Dvadtsat’ vekov khristianstva. Vol. 2, Vtoroe tysiacheletie.
Odessa: Bogomyslie.
5. Examples of Reference Notes, Bibliographies, and Parenthetical References
In the examples below, the following abbreviations are used: N=Note; B=Bibliography; PR=Parenthetical Reference; RL=Reference List
5.1 A book by a single author:
N Thomas M. Raitt, A Theology of Exile (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977), 177.
B Raitt, Thomas M. A Theology of Exile. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977.
PR (Raitt 1977, 12)
RL Raitt, Thomas M. 1977. A theology of exile. Philadelphia: Fortress.
5.2 A book by two or three authors:
N Ruth A. Tucker and Walter L. Liefeld, Daughters of the Church: Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 408.
B Tucker, Ruth A., and Walter L. Liefeld. Daughters of the Church:
Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present.
Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1987.
PR (Tucker and Liefeld 1987, 408)
RL Tucker, Ruth A., and Walter L. Liefeld. 1987. Daughters of the church:
Women and ministry from New Testament times to the present.
Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan.
5.3 A book by more than three authors:
N Bernard Brandon Scott et al., Reading New Testament Greek (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1993), 53.
B Scott, Bernard Brandon, Margaret Dean, Kristen Sparks, and Frances LaZar. Reading New Testament Greek. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1993.
PR (Scott et al 1993, 53)
RL Scott, Bernard Brandon, Margaret Dean, Kristen Sparks, and
Frances LaZar. 1993. Reading New Testament Greek.
Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.
5.4 Editor or compiler as “author”:
N Ray C. Petry, ed., A History of Christianity, Readings in the History of the Church, Volume 1: The Early and Medieval Church (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1962; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981), 9-10.
B Petry, Ray C., ed. A History of Christianity, Readings in the History of the Church, Volume 1: The Early and Medieval Church. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1962; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.
PR (Petry 1981, 9-10)
RL Petry, Ray C., ed. 1981. A history of Christianity, readings in the history
of the church, volume 1: The early and medieval church. Grand
Rapids: Baker. Original edition, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1962.
5.5 Author’s work edited by another:
N John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), 2:1016.
B Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Edited by John
T. McNeill, 2 volumes. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960.
PR (Calvin 1960, 2:1016)
RL Calvin, John. 1960. Institutes of the Christian religion. Edited by
John T. McNeill, 2 volumes. Philadelphia: Westminster.
5.6 Author’s work translated by another:
N Broz, Svetlana, Good People in an Evil Time: Portraits of Complicity
and Resistance in the Bosnian War, ed. Laurie Kain Hart, trans. Ellen
Elias-Bursac (New York: Other Press, 2004), xxxi-xxxii.
B Broz, Svetlana. Good People in an Evil Time: Portraits of Complicity
and Resistance in the Bosnian War. Edited by Laurie Kain Hart.
Translated by Ellen Elias-Bursac. New York: Other Press, 2004.
PR (Broz 2004, xxxi-xxxii)
RL Broz, Svetlana. 2004. Good people in an evil time: Portraits of complicity and resistance in the Bosnian war. Edited by Laurie Kain Hart. Translated by Ellen Elias-Bursach. New York: Other Press.
5.7 A multi-volume work
N Adolf Harnack, History of Dogma, trans. Neil Buchanan; 7 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1896-1905), 3:15.
B Harnack, Adolf. History of Dogma. Translated from the 3rd German ed.
by Neil Buchanan. 7 vols. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1896-1905.
PR (Harnack 1896-1905, 2:126)
RL Harnack, Adolf. 1896-1905. History of dogma. Translated from the 3rd
German ed. by Neil Buchanan. 7 vols. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
5.8 An article in an edited volume:
N Rudolph Bultmann, “The Primitive Christian Kerygma and the Historical Jesus,” in The Historical Jesus and the Kerygmatic Christ, ed. C. E. Braaten and R. A. Harmsville (New York: Abingdon, 1964), 17.
B Bultmann, Rudolph. “The Primitive Christian Kerygma and the Historical
Jesus.” In The Historical Jesus and the Kerygmatic Christ, ed.
C. E. Braaten and R. A. Harmsville, 17-19. New York: Abingdon, 1964.
PR (Bultmann 1964, 17)
RL Bultmann, Rudolph. 1964. The primitive Christian kerygma and the
historical Jesus. In The historical Jesus and the kerygmatic Christ, ed. C. E. Braaten and R. A. Harmsville, 17-29. New York: Abingdon.
5.9 A revised edition:
N John Lawrence, A History of Russia, 2nd rev. ed. (New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1957; repr. Mentor, 1969), 73.
B Lawrence, John. A History of Russia, 2nd rev. ed. New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1957; Reprint, Mentor, 1969.
PR (Lawrence 1969, 73)
RL Lawrence, John. 1969. A history of Russia, 2nd rev. ed. New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1957. Reprint, Mentor (page references are to the reprint edition).
5.10 A reprinted edition:
N Thomas Merton, Love and Living, ed. Naomi Burton Stone and Brother Patrick Hart (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1979; repr. Bantam, 1980), 184.
B Merton, Thomas. Love and Living. Edited by Naomi Burton Stone and
Brother Patrick Hart. New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1979.
Reprint, Bantam, 1980.
PR (Merton 1980, 184)
RL Merton, Thomas. 1980. Love and living. Edited by Naomi Burton Stone
and Brother Patrick Hart. New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux,
1979. Reprint, Bantam (page references are to the reprint edition).
5.11 A book in a series:
N C. Arnold Snyder, The Life and Thought of Michael Sattler, Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, ed. Cornelius J. Dyck, et al., no. 26, (Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1984), 93.
B Snyder, C. Arnold. The Life and Thought of Michael Sattler. Studies in
Anabaptist and Mennonite History, ed. Cornelius J. Dyck, et. al.,
no. 26. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1984.
PR (Snyder 1984, 93)
RL Snyder, C. Arnold. 1984. The life and thought of Michael Sattler.
Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, ed. Cornelius J.
Dyck, et. al., no. 26. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press.
6. Sources in Languages other than English
When citing books, articles, or other sources in languages other than English in an English language scholarly work, the standard American form for notes and bibliography should be followed, with the following additional points.
6.1. Name of author:
The name of the author of the book or article should be given as it reads on the title page or heading of the work without attempting to anglicize it.
Toivo Pilli Pico Iyer Nanao Sakaki
If the author’s name is given in a language that uses an alphabet other than Latin (such as Russian or Ukrainian) it should be transliterated into Latin letters according to a standard system of transliteration (for example, Library of Congress or U.S. Board on Geographic Names—See Appendix 1). Any standard system of transliteration is acceptable, provided it is followed consistently throughout the work. If you are aware that an author uses a particular spelling in English, that spelling should be used.
Constantine Prokhorov (not Konstantin)
Gennady Pshenichny but Gennadiy Sergienko
However, the names of well-known writers should appear as they most commonly do in English, without regard for the rules of transliteration systems:
Leo Tolstoy Taras Shevchenko Maxim Gorky
Consult the Biographical Names section of a reliable English-language dictionary, such as Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary.
6.2. Title of book or article
The title of a work in a language other than English should be given as it reads on the title page or the heading. The title of a book is given in italics and the title of an article in quotation marks. A Russian or Ukrainian work should be transliterated according to a standard system exactly as it reads in the original language, in italics, capitalizing only those words that are capitalized in the original. It is not necessary to translate the title into English.
Communidad y compromise: Estudios sobre la renovacion de la iglesia
“Die Besonderheiten in der Theologie von Comenius als Quelle seiner Bemuhungen
um die Allverbesserung”
Baptisty, ikh uchenie i zadachi
- Publishing information
- Give the common English name of the city of publication rather than a transliteration (Moskva) or an abbreviation (M). Consult the Geographical Names section of a reliable English-language dictionary, if necessary. If the name of the city of publication has changed (St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad), give the name of the city at the time of publication, that is, the name of the city as it reads on the title page.
- Transliterate the name of the publisher according to a standard transliteration system.
Examples:
Note:
E. Poselianin, Russkaya tserkov’ i russkie podvizhniki XVIII veka (St. Petersburg: I. L. Tuzov, 1905), 252.
Aleksandr Men’, Syn chelovecheskiy (Moscow: Fond imeni Aleksandra Menia, 2000), 133.
Volkonskiy, Katolichestvo i sviashchennoe predanie vostoka (Paris, 1932; L’viv: Missionerskoe obshchestvo sv. Kirilla i Mefodiia, 1993), 84.
Gennady Pshenichny, “Chto skryvaet pokryvalo Vetkhogo Zaveta?” Bogoslovskie razmyshlennia, No. 5 (2005): 23.
Bibliography:
Poselianin, E. Russkaya tserkov’ i russkie podvizhniki XVIII veka. St. Petersburg:
I. L. Tuzov, 1905.
Men’, Aleksandr. Syn chelovecheskiy. Moscow: Fond imeni Aleksandra Menia, 2000.
Volkonskiy, A. Katolichestvo i sviashchennoe predanie vostoka. Paris, 1932; L’viv:
Missionerskoe obshchestvo sv. Kirilla i Mefodiia, 1993.
Pshenichny, Gennady. “Chto skryvaet pokryvalo Vetkhogo Zaveta?” Bogoslovskie razmyshlennia No. 5 (2005): 7-26.
7. Translated Sources
Many books have been translated into Russian or Ukrainian from English and other languages over the last decade. Some books exist in several translations. Many have been done according to very high standards, but unfortunately that has not always been the case. Not all translations have acknowledged the name of the author, much less of the translator, or even the title of the original work. Many have been printed with little regard for issues of copyright. Scholarly standards, however, require that any source cited be identified with as much information as possible.
The basic form of notes and bibliography is the same (see Sections 2 and 3), with the following additional points.
7.1. Name of author
The name of the author should be given in the original language, not an attempt at translation or a transliteration. Look for the author’s name on the copyright page. If it is not given, Google Scholar on the internet or the Biographical Names section of a reliable English-language dictionary will usually yield the correct spelling of a name.
Karl Barth (not Charles Bart) Anthony Bloom (not A. Blum)
Walter Sawatsky (not Valter Zavatskiy)
7.2. Name of publication and publication information
- The title of the book or article should be transliterated according to a standard format in sentence style (only capitalizing the first word) with book titles in italics and the titles of articles in standard print inside quotation marks.
- The original title of the work follows the translated title in standard script, enclosed in parentheses.
- Check the title page and copyright page for the name of the translator and include it, if possible.
- The name of the Russian or Ukrainian publisher should be transliterated according to a standard format.
- Include any original publication information that is available.
Examples:
Note:
Justo L. Gonzalez, Istoriia khristianstva, tom 1: Ot osnovaniia tserkvi do epokhi reformatsii (The Story of Christianity, Vol. 1), trans. B. A. Skorokhodov (Saint Petersburg: Bibliia dlia vsekh, 2003; San Francisco: Harper-Collins, 1984), 89.
Ernst Suttner, Khristianstvo vostoka i zapada v poiskakh zrimogo proiavleniia edinstva (Die Christenheit aus Ost und West auf der Suche nach dem sichtbaren Ausdruck fur ihre Einheit), trans. Olga Velichko (Moscow: Bibleisko-Bogoslovskiy institute sv. Apostola Andreia, 2004; Wurzburg: Augustinus-Verlag, 1999), 82.
Bibliography:
Gonzalez, Justo L. Istoriia khristianstva, tom 1: Ot osnovaniia tserkvi do epokhi
Reformatsii (The Story of Christianity, Vol. 1). Translated by B. A.
Skorokhodov. St. Petersburg: Bibliia dlia vsekh, 2003; San Francisco:
Harper-Collins, 1984.
Suttner, Ernst. Khristianstvo vostoka i zapada v poiskakh zrimogo proiavleniia edinstva
(Die Christenheit aus Ost und West auf der Suche nach dem sichtbaren
Ausdruck fur ihre Einheit). Translated by Olga Velichko. Moscow: Bibleisko-
Bogoslovskiy institute sv. Apostola Andreia, 2004; Wurzburg: Augustinus-
Verlag, 1999.