Методика применения новых технологий изучения английского языка в колледжах города Москвы Москва 2009
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Приложение 2.
Интернет-ресурсы для контроля лексических и грамматических навыков.
Ещё один вид работы - это использование Интернет - ресурсов в виде ссылка скрыта для контроля лексических и грамматических навыков. Одна из наиболее распространённых тестовых программ - это программа TOEFL, стандартный экзамен по английскому языку. Эта программа включает пять полных вариантов тестов TOEFL. Каждый тест состоит из трех частей: понимание услышанного (Listening Comprehension), грамматические конструкции (Structure and Written Expression) и понимание прочитанного (Reading Comprehension). При подготовке к экзамену TOEFL можно использовать компьютерную программу The Heinemann TOEFL.
ссылка скрыта - Официальный сайт экзаменов TOEFL, TSE и TWE.
ссылка скрыта - Официальный сайт экзамена IELTS
ссылка скрыта – международный экзамен по английскому языку, информация о всех международных экзаменах по английскому языку, как иностранному, пробные тесты.
Приложение 3.
Организация разноуровнего обучения в группе английского языка с использованием трех уровней направляющего текста
на примере работы с опцией MAGAZINE программы English Discoveries Expert (EDE)
Раздел World предлагается текст о вулкане на Аляске. Текст представлен на трех уровнях сложности (Basic, Intermediate, Advanced), сопровождается вопросами на понимание прочитанного. Предусмотрены опции проверки правильности ответа: Check answer See answer
Tick, Tick… Boom!
Can you imagine living in a place where a volcano could erupt at any time? Welcome to Alaska...
LEVEL: BASIC
People in Alaska are waiting for the volcano on Mount Redoubt to erupt! No one lives on or near the mountain. It is very cold and snowy there. However, people are worried that ash from the volcano will have a bad effect on their lives.
Peter Cervelli, a research geophysicist, and Michelle Coombs, a geologist, are carefully watching the 10,197-foot mountain. They observe from the Alaska Volcano Observatory in Anchorage. The eruption could happen anytime.
The city of Anchorage is only 100 miles southwest of the mountain. The last eruption occurred in December of 1989 and lasted until April 1990. The considerable amount of ash made it extremely difficult for people to fly planes. This volcanic ash is made of small pieces of a glass called silica. The people of Alaska don't want to breathe in the ash.
Silica can also damage the engine of a plane. In 1989 all the engines of a 747 plane stopped working because of the silica. To make sure this won't happen again, planes and jets will not be allowed to fly around Mount Redoubt during the eruption.
There is a camera at the bottom of the mountain so people can watch what is going on at all times. Michelle Coombs thinks that Mount Redoubt will erupt in days or weeks. See the link to the webcam and maybe you'll catch the big eruption!
Questions
| What is the problem with Mount Redoubt? | Who is watching the volcano? | What are people worried about? | What happened the last time Mount Redoubt erupted? | When will volcano erupt? |
| It is cold and snowy | Geophysicists | Molten rock | Anchorage burned down | 1989 |
| No one lives there | Biochemists | Wild fire | People got sick from the silica | Not for a long time |
| It is going to erupt | Geologists | ash | The silica got into the engines of a 747 plane | never |
| Non of the above | Answers (a) and (c) | snow | It happened very quickly | soon |
Предусмотрены опции проверки правильности ответа: Check answer See answer
LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE
Alaskans are waiting anxiously for the eruption of Mount Redoubt, which has been quiet for 20 years! No one actually lives on or at the foot of the mountain, which is cold and snowy, but the concern is the effect the ash from the eruption will have on daily life there.
As a result, the 10,197-foot mountain is being carefully observed by experts like Peter Cervelli, a research geophysicist, and geologist Michelle Coombs. They watch and monitor from the Alaska Volcano Observatory in Anchorage. The eruption could occur any at anytime...in a matter of hours, days, or weeks.
Anchorage is only 100 miles southwest of the peak. The last eruption was in December of 1989 and lasted until April 1990. It produced a lot of ash resulting in a disturbance in air traffic. This volcanic ash was made of tiny particles of a glass-like substance called silica. So, as you can probably guess the people of Alaska are worried about breathing it in.
Silica can also be harmful to the engine of a jet or plane. Shortly after the 1989 eruption, all the engines of a 747 failed after flying through a cloud of ash. Fortunately, the pilot was able to land safely. This is really the main problem that Alaskans wish to avoid this time around. To prevent such dangers, planes and jets will not be allowed to fly in the airspace around Mount Redoubt. Another concern is volcanic mudflows (lahars) that can run down into the river.
A camera has been set up at the foot of the mountain so that experts can monitor what is going on at all times. When the molten rock (magma) gets to the top of the peak, the volcano will erupt. Before this happens, there are little earthquakes that are caused by the fluid and gases in the mountain. Michelle Coombs thinks that Mount Redoubt will blow within days or weeks. Check out the link to the webcam and maybe you'll see the big eruption!
Questions
| What are Alaskans waiting for? | What types of experts are monitoring volcanic the activity? | What substance is expected to cause the most damage as a result of the volcanic eruption? | What happened the last time Mount Redoubt erupted? | Before the volcano erupts |
| They are waiting for Mount Redoubt to erupt | Geophysicists | Molten rock | the volcanic mudflows destroyed houses | It gets very cold and starts to snow |
| They are waiting for a snowstorm | Biochemists | Wild fire | People got sick from breathing in the silica | There are little earthquakes |
| They are waiting for plane mulfunctions | Geologists | ash | The silica got into the engines of a 747 | Lahars flow down into the river |
| None of the above | Answers (a) and (c) | snow | It happened very quickly | All of the above |
Предусмотрены опции проверки правильности ответа: Check answer See answer
LEVEL: ADVANCED
Can you imagine living near a volcano expected to erupt at any time? This is a constant reality for Alaskan residents, especially those living in cities near Anchorage. Alaskans are waiting anxiously for the expected eruption of Mount Redoubt, which has been quiet for 20 years! No one actually lives on or at the foot of the mountain, but the concern is the effect the ash will have on daily life there.
The 10,197-foot mountain is being carefully observed by experts like Peter Cervelli, a research geophysicist, and geologist Michelle Coombs. They watch and monitor from the Alaska Volcano Observatory in Anchorage. The anticipated eruption could occur any at anytime...hours, days or weeks.
The most populated city in Alaska, Anchorage, is a mere 100 miles southwest of the peak. The last eruption, which occurred in December of 1989 and lasted until April 1990, produced heavy ash resulting in an interference with air traffic operations. This volcanic ash is made of tiny particles of glass-like substance called silica. So, as you can probably guess, the people down in the populated cities are not too eager to breathe this stuff in.
Silica can also be harmful to the engine of a jet or plane; it could cause serious malfunctions. Shortly after the 1989 eruption, all the engines of a 747 failed after flying through a cloud of ash. The pilot was fine and was able to land safely, but this is not something Alaskans wish to see repeated. In a precautionary effort to prevent such dangers, planes and jets will not be allowed to fly in the airspace around Mount Redoubt. Another concern on the minds of Alaskan residents is volcanic mudflows, known as lahars, that can flow down into the river.
Thanks to modern technology, a web camera has been set up to survey the area. A camera can better withstand the three degree snowy weather at the foot of the mountain! When the molten rock, known as magma, reaches the surface of the peak, the volcano will erupt. Before the actual eruption of a volcano, there are little earthquakes that are caused by the fluid and gases present in the mountain. According to Michelle Coombs, Mount Redoubt will blow within days or weeks. Check out the link to the webcam and perhaps you'll catch a glimpse of the big eruption!
Questions
| What are Alaskans waiting for? | What types of experts are monitoring volcanic the activity? | What substance is expected to cause the most damage as a result of the volcanic eruption? | What happened the last time Mount Redoubt erupted? | Before the volcano erupts |
| They are waiting for Mount Redoubt to erupt | Geophysicists | Molten rock | the volcanic mudflows destroyed houses | It gets very cold and starts to snow |
| They are waiting for a snowstorm | Biochemists | Wild fire | People got sick from breathing in the silica | There are little earthquakes |
| They are waiting for plane mulfunctions | Geologists | ash | The silica got into the engines of a 747 | Lahars flow down into the river |
| None of the above | Answers (a) and (c) | snow | It happened very quickly | All of the above |
Предусмотрены опции проверки правильности ответа: Check answer See answer
Если кликнуть мышкой на опцию Glossary, то автоматически маркером будут выделены ключевые слова по теме. В данном тексте это:
erupt, geophysicist, geologist, anticipated, interference, malfunction, precautionary, withstand.
Если, в свою очередь, кликнуть на любое из выделенных слов, то всплывает специальное окно, в котором на английском языке объясняется значение этого слова и дается звуковое сопровождение, для отработки его правильного произношения.
erupt - when a volcano spits out hot lava, ash, and steam;
geophysicist - geologist who studies the physics of the earth;
geologist - someone who studies the science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks;
anticipated – expect;
interference - get in the way of
malfunction - when something does not work right
precautionary - action taken in order to prevent something dangerous
withstand - survive or deal with.
Приложение 4.
Spam
Professor David Crystal
Technology always has an influence on language. When printing came in, it brought new words into the language. When broadcasting firs started new words came into the language. And now the internet has come along so it’s not surprising that quite a large number of new words have come into English vocabulary since, especially the last 10 years really since the world wide web came into being. And of course if you’ve got emails, and most people have these days, then you will have encountered the word 'spam'. 'Spam' flooding your email box with ads or other unwanted messages. But why the word 'Spam' for this sort of thing? Spam was originally a tinned meat back in the 1930s, a brand name for a particular kind of cold meat. But it became very fashionable when Monty Python, the satirical television comedy series back in the 70s and 80s, they had a sketch where just for fun they had spam with every item on the restaurant menu - bacon and spam, egg and spam, ham and spam, spam and spam. Spam spam spam spam… and they actually sang a song about it and it caught on.
And therefore it became a real part of the language meaning any unwanted material of any kind and so when the internet came along it wasn’t surprising really that spam became part of that kind of experience. And the evidence that it’s become part of the language is not just because of the noun 'spam' which you might expect to see in the internet context but because it’s generated other kinds of linguistic expression as well.
You’ve now got verbs based upon it, and adjectives based upon it. You can now have "I’ve been spammed" or "somebody’s spamming me" and the actual people who do the work themselves who send all these horrible emails out to everybody so that we’re flooded with these things, what are they called? Well there’s a new noun, they’re called ‘spammers’.
Gareth Rees
Work / job
A question from Giuliana in Italy:
What is the difference between work and job? They both have the same meaning in Italian but I’d like to know better how to use them.
Gareth Rees answers:
Hello Giuliana.
Thank you for your question about the difference between work and job. Although this topic isn’t necessarily most people’s favourite subject, the difference between the two words is important.
Firstly, on a grammatical level, work is both a verb and a noun, whereas job is only a noun. Let’s look at their meanings now.
Work is an activity in which you use effort or energy, normally to achieve a particular aim or task, rather than for fun or enjoyment. It is essentially the opposite of play, and to work means to do such an activity. Generally, we work in order to earn money, and this is often how we use the
verb; to describe what we do to earn money. For example:
I work for the BBC.
David works in a café.
In these examples, we do not know exactly what the person’s duties or responsibilities are. David works in a café, but we do not know if he cleans the tables or cooks the food.
So, in this sense, work has a very general meaning, whereas job is much more specific, and its most common meaning is the name for the work that you do to earn money. For example,
David has now got a new job. He is a cook in a small restaurant.
In this example, we now know exactly what David does because we know what his job is. To summarise, we can say that the word job refers to a particular employment role or position, such as cook, teacher or banker, whereas work refers in a more general way to activities that you do.
Interestingly, all jobs involve work but doing work isn’t always part of a job. For example, someone can spend the weekend working in their garden, perhaps cutting the grass or planting
new flowers. However, this is a free time activity, and so it is not his or her job.
As a verb, work does have other meanings, such as, if you describe how a machine works, you explain how it functions, or operates. For example, Can someone show me how the photocopier works? I don’t know how to use it.
Similarly, you can use it to say if the machine is functioning correctly. For example, Don’t try to use that computer. It doesn’t work. We are waiting for the engineer to fix it.
Finally, although your job is the name for what you do to earn money, it can also refer to a specific task that you have to do; a task that requires work and a task that you can specifically identify. For example,
I have a few jobs to do at home this weekend. I need to paint my bedroom, fix a broken door and
cut the grass.
Right, well, I’ve been working hard for the last few hours, so I think it’s time for me to take a break. Fortunately, the work that I do in my job is very interesting, so even though it is hard work, I don’t think I will look for another job! What about you, Giuliana? Are you a student or do you have a job? Whatever you do, is it hard work?