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Практичний курс англійської мови навчальний посібник з практики усного та письмового мовлення для студентів 4 курсу

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Part 5 translation practice
5.7 Try to translate a poetry of E. E. Cummings into Ukrainian. Choose the best variant.
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PART 5 TRANSLATION PRACTICE

    1. Study the following material on translation techniques.

Калькування - особливий вид запозичення, коли структурно - семантичні моделі мови - джерела відтворюються поелементно матеріальними засобами мови - приймача. Калькування своєрідно відображає суть перекладу як процесу біполярного: адже мета перекладу - перетворити цільовою мовою оригінальний текст. Така ж і суть калькування. Цей метод, що передбачає відтворення внутрішньої форми слова, а разом з нею - структури образного переносу значень, активізує словотворчі засоби, дає поштовх до утворення семантично містких неологізмів.

Розрізняють повне та часткове калькування. При повному калькуванні слова, або словосполучення буквально перекладаються. Точна калька в лексичному і семантичному відношеннях повністю збігається із відповідником у мові-джерелі. При частковому калькуванні вислови частково перекладають, а частково будують з іншомовного матеріалу чи бодай за іншомовним зразком.

Іноді калькування може перетворитися в буквальний переклад, особливо у випадках, пов'язаних з реаліями - фразеологізмами. Україномовний читач може сприйняти такий вислів лише в прямому розумінні, тобто в контексті зовсім не сприйняти його. Єдиний вихід - описова перифраза з свідомою втратою значної частини країнознавчої інформації.

При калькуванні „переймається лише позначення іншомовної одиниці та її структура (принцип її організації) , але не її матеріальний експонент: здійснюється нібито копіювання іншомовної одиниці за допомогою свого, незапозиченого матеріалу”.

Калькування доволі часто є найбільш прийнятним засобом компенсації фразеологічної лакунарності.

Шанський виділяє контекстуальну та фразеологічну кальки. Фразеологічна калька це „стигле сполучення слів, що виникло у мові в результаті послівного перекладу іншомовного фразеологізму.” Контекстуальна калька – „створюється перекладачем в конкретному тексті й значення калькованої одиниці стає зрозумілим завдяки яскравій та живій внутрішній формі фразеологічної одиниці мови джерела”. Частіш за все вдало здійснене калькування перекладачем є його знахідкою, тому що покомпонентні та образні кальки – оказіоналізми є найбільш безпосереднім проявом намагання перекладача наблизитися до фразеологічних традицій мови - джерела.
    1. Translate into Ukrainian. In which cases did you use the calques? Give your reasons. Have you come upon any phraseological units?

And now, when I speak, you check the thought unuttered on your lips and hang on my lips and pay respectful attention to whatever I choose to say. I tell you your party is rotten and filled with grafters, and instead of flying into a rage you hum and haw and admit there is a great deal in what I say. And why? Because I'm famous; because I've a lot of money. Not because I'm Martin Eden, a pretty good fellow and not particularly a fool. I could tell you the moon is made of green cheese and you would subscribe to the notion, at least you would not repudiate it, because I've got dollars, mountains of them. And it was all done long ago; it was work performed, I tell you, when you spat upon me as the dirt under your feet."

( from Martin Eden by Jack London)

5.3 Continue your research work with collecting examples and commentary by filling in the chart :

Chart R

Методи та засоби трансляції
Приклади з власної учбової перекладацької практики
Коментар (доречність використання методу)

Калькування







5.4 Translate the proverbs into Ukrainian. Which of them are impossible to be translated using this translation technique? Give your reasons.


A bad workman blames his tools.

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

Too many cooks spoil the broth.

Make hay while the sun shines.

The early bird catches the worm.

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

The devil makes work for idle hands.

Many hands make light work.
5.5 Divide your group into micro groups of two or three. Each of the micro groups must choose a different set of sentences (Group A takes ## 1, 11, 21, 31, 41: Group B takes ## 2, 12, 22, 32, 42 etc. ) and translate it into Ukrainian. First work independently. Pay special attention to the italised words. Be sure to collect and enlist all the variants of translation within your group. Discuss the variants and decide which is the best. Present it to the rest of the students.



  1. Mrs. Price, Rebecca, and Betsey all went up to defend themselves, all talking together, but Rebecca loudest, and the job was to be done as well as it could in a great hurry; William trying in vain to send Betsey down again, or keep her from being troublesome where she was; the whole of which, as almost every door in the house was open, could be plainly distinguished in the parlour, except when drowned at intervals by the superior noise of Sam, Tom, and Charles chasing each other up and down stairs, and tumbling about and hallooing. (Jane Austen)
  2. "I come from your theatre," said he composedly, as he sat down; "I found myself in it rather unexpectedly. Its vicinity to my own room--but in every respect, indeed, it took me by surprise, as I had not the smallest suspicion of your acting having assumed so serious a character. It appears a neat job, however, as far as I could judge by candlelight, and does my friend Christopher Jackson credit." (Jane Austen)
  3. The curtain will be a good job, however. The maids do their work very well, and I think we shall be able to send back some dozens of the rings. (Jane Austen)
  4. He seems every thing the fondest parent could. . . . `Oh!' said he, `I can fasten the rivet. I like a job of that sort excessively.' she cannot refuse.--`Aye, pray do,' said Mr. Frank Churchill, `Miss Woodhouse's opinion of the instrument will be worth having.' (Jane Austen)
  5. But, said I, I shall be more sure of succeeding if one of you will go with me.--`Oh,' said he, `wait half a minute, till I have finished my job;'--For, would you believe it, Miss Woodhouse, there he is, in the most obliging manner in the world, fastening in the rivet of my mother's spectacles. (Jane Austen)
  6. She might have been unconsciously sucking in the sad poison, while a sharer of his conversation with her friend; and from the best, the purest of motives, might now be denying herself this visit to Ireland, and resolving to divide herself effectually from him and his connexions by soon beginning her career of laborious duty. (Jane Austen)
  7. Miss Ward, at the end of half a dozen years, found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr. Norris, a friend of her brother-in-law, with scarcely any private fortune, and Miss Frances fared yet worse. Miss Ward's match, indeed, when it came to the point, was not contemptible: Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield; and Mr. and Mrs. Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year. A stare or two at Fanny, as William helped her out of the carriage, was all the voluntary notice which this brother bestowed; but he made no objection to her kissing him, though still entirely engaged in detailing farther particulars of the Thrush's going out of harbour, in which he had a strong right of interest, being to commence his career of seamanship in her at this very time. (Jane Austen)
  8. A heroine returning, at the close of her career, to her native village, in all the triumph of recovered reputation, and all the dignity of a countess, with a long train of noble relations in their several phaetons, and three waiting-maids in a travelling chaise and four, behind her, is an event on which the pen of the contriver may well delight to dwell; it gives credit to every conclusion. (Jane Austen)
  9. He was thinking of a full career of vanity and wastefulness which a young girl might indulge in, and wondering how Carrie could contemplate such a course when she had so little, as yet, with which to do. (Theodore Dreiser)
  10. He entered, and then began a scene which had as much to do with the creation of the tragedy of affection in Hurstwood as anything in his peculiar and involved career. For Carrie had resolved to make something of this scene, and, now that the cue had come, it began to take a feeling hold upon her. Both Hurstwood and Drouet noted the rising sentiment as she proceeded. (Theodore Dreiser)
  11. To think that for so long, having been born into the Butler family, she had been the subject, as well as the victim of such commonplace and inartistic illusions and conditions, whereas now, owing to her contact with, and mental subordination to Cowperwood, she was learning so many wonderful phases of social, as well as financial, refinement of which previously she had guessed nothing. The wonder, for instance, of a future social career as the wife of such a man as Frank Cowperwood. (Theodore Dreiser)
  12. The beauty and resourcefulness of his mind, which, after hours of of black silk, which her brother Owen took from her. Norah was with Callum, a straight, erect, smiling young Irishman, who looked as though he might carve a notable career for himself. She wore a for reelection. (Theodore Dreiser)
  13. A scandal in connection with the city treasury would be a very bad thing. It would end Stener's career as an official--would very likely send him to the penitentiary. It might wreck the Republican party's chances to win. It would certainly involve himself as having much to do with it. If that happened, record was taken. (Theodore Dreiser)
  14. Roger O'Mara, the Irish political lawyer who had been his counsel all through his troubles, stood near him, but had nothing to say beyond asking the judge to consider Stener's previously honorable career. Thus ended forever for Aileen this long-continued relationship with this older world. (Theodore Dreiser)
  15. Chicago was before her--a much more distinguished career, Frank told her, than ever they could have had in Philadelphia. (Theodore Dreiser)
  16. Or, after months of this, and because of the new position secured for him by Wingate-- a bookkeeping job in one of the outlying banks--slipping away early in the morning, and returning late at night, his mind a gloomy epitome of all that had been or yet might be. (Theodore Dreiser)
  17. Hurstwood shifted by curious means through a long summer and fall. A small job as janitor of a dance hall helped him for a month. Begging, sometimes going hungry, sometimes sleeping in the park, carried him over more days. Resorting to those Cold as it was, these officers were hot and mad. Hurstwood worked with the conductor, lifting stone after stone and warming himself by the work. (Theodore Dreiser)
  18. "Ah, you scab, you!" yelled the crowd. "You coward! Steal a man's job, will you? Rob the poor, will you, you thief? We'll get you yet, now. Wait." "It's hell these days, ain't it?" said the man. "A poor man ain't nowhere. You could starve, by God, right in the streets, and there ain't most no one would help you." (Theodore Dreiser)
  19. "Right you are," said the other. "The job I had I lost 'cause they shut down. They run all summer and lay up a big stock, and then shut down." (Theodore Dreiser)
  20. "I don't blame these fellers for striking," said one. "They've got the right of it, all right, but I had to get something to do." (Theodore Dreiser)
  21. "Same here," said the other. "If I had any job in Newark I wouldn't be over here takin' chances like these." (Theodore Dreiser)
  22. "Are you a railroad man?" said one.

"Me? No. I've always worked in a paper factory."

"I had a job in Newark until last October," returned the other, with reciprocal feeling. (Theodore Dreiser)
  1. "They're back in New York now," Carrie went on. "She did look so nice."

"Well, she can afford it as long as he puts up for it," returned Hurstwood. "He's got a soft job." (Theodore Dreiser)
  1. There is no character, howsoever good and fine, but it can be destroyed by ridicule, howsoever poor and witless. He was a homely, freckled, sandy-haired young fellow, with an intelligent blue eye that had frankness and comradeship in it and a covert twinkle of a pleasant sort. But for an unfortunate remark of his, he would no doubt have entered at once upon a successful career at Dawson's Landing. ( Mark Twain )
  2. Tom sprang at him and drove his pocketknife into him two or three times before the boys could snatch him away and give the wounded lad a chance to escape. He was considerably hurt, but not seriously. If the blade had been a little longer, his career would have ended there. ( Mark Twain )
  3. Witness after witness was called by the state, and questioned at length; but the cross questioning was brief. Wilson knew they could furnish nothing valuable for his side. People were sorry for Pudd'nhead Wilson; his budding career would get hurt by this trial. ( Mark Twain )
  4. "Lookyhere, Huck, less not try that thing any more till we know Injun Joe's not in there. It's too scary. Now, if we watch every night, we'll be dead sure to see him go out, some time or other, and then we'll snatch that box quicker'n lightning." ( Mark Twain )
  5. "Well, I'm agreed. I'll watch the whole night long, and I'll do it every night, too, if you'll do the other part of the job." ( Mark Twain )
  6. I got under the table and raised the blanket, and went to work to saw a section of the big bottom log out -- big enough to let me through. Well, it was a good long job, but I was getting towards the end of it when I heard pap's gun in the woods. ( Mark Twain )
  7. Then he showed us another little job he'd printed and hadn't charged for, because it was for us. It had a picture of a runaway nigger with a bundle on a stick over his shoulder, and "$200 reward" under it. ( Mark Twain )
  8. So we dug and dug with the case-knives till most midnight; and then we was dog-tired, and our hands was blistered, and yet you couldn't see we'd done anything hardly. At last I says:

"This ain't no thirty-seven year job; this is a thirty-eight year job, Tom Sawyer." ( Mark Twain )
  1. There are things that a woman should not mention, and yet I would tell them without shame to your face were it not for your sister. If it were not for her, I would not have you in my presence. Shall I speak of your career in France? There is Valenciennes, for example--'' citizen of the United States. (Winston Churchill)
  2. As much as I dislike to submit to a stranger private details in the life of a member of my family, I feel that I must tell your Excellency something of Mr. Temple's career, in order that you may know that restlessness and the thirst for adventure were the only motives that led him into this foolish undertaking.''(Winston Churchill)
  3. It was horrible! Why is your friendship so fatal to young men? There was that wretched boy in the Guards who committed suicide. You were his great friend. There was Sir Henry Ashton, who had to leave England with a tarnished name. You and he were inseparable. What about Adrian Singleton and his dreadful end? What about Lord Kent's only son and his career? I met his father yesterday in St. James's Street. He seemed broken with shame and sorrow. What about the young Duke of Perth? What sort of life has he got now? What gentleman would associate with him?" (Oscar Wilde)
  4. They career gaily through all centuries and through all costumes, and, like actors, are interesting only when they are not themselves. They are extremely good-natured, and very accommodating. (Oscar Wilde)
  5. As for the English lad of the same age, he never sits at all. Apparently he does not regard the career of a model as a serious profession. (Oscar Wilde)
  6. Your nephew and I are great friends. I am so much interested in his political career. I think he's sure to be a wonderful success. He thinks like a Tory, and talks like a Radical, and that's so important nowadays. (Oscar Wilde)
  7. Somehow it doesn't go with modern dress. It makes one look old. [Takes up hand-mirror from table and looks into it.] And it spoils one's career at critical moments. (Oscar Wilde)
  8. Any young man would. And now, simply because it turns out that I am the boy's own father and he my own son, you propose practically to ruin his career. That is to say, if I were a perfect stranger, you would allow Gerald to go away with me, but as he is my own flesh and blood you won't. How utterly illogical you are! (Oscar Wilde)
  9. But I'm ambitions; I want something more than that. I want to have a career. I want to do something that will make you proud of me, and Lord Illingworth is going to help me. He is going to do everything for me. (Oscar Wilde)
  10. Don't you understand now, mother, what it means to me to be Lord Illingworth's secretary? To start like that is to find a career ready for one - before one - waiting for one. If I were Lord Illingworth's secretary I could ask Hester to be my wife. (Oscar Wilde)
  11. LADY HUNSTANTON. But, my dear Gerald, at your age you shouldn't have any views of life. They are quite out of place. You must be guided by others in this matter. Lord Illingworth has made you the most flattering offer, and travelling with him you would see the world - as much of it, at least, as one should look at - under the best auspices possible, and stay with all the right people, which is so important at this solemn moment in your career. (Oscar Wilde)
  12. LORD GORING. Rather than lose your love, Robert would do anything, wreck his whole career, as he is on the brink of doing now. He is making for you a terrible sacrifice. Take my advice, Lady Chiltern, and do not accept a sacrifice so great. If you do, you will live to repent it bitterly. We men and women are not made to accept such sacrifices from each other. We are not worthy of them. Besides, Robert has been punished enough. (Oscar Wilde)
  13. One side of his literary career deserves especial notice. Modern journalism may be said to owe almost as much to him as to any man of the early part of this century. He was the pioneer of Asiatic prose, and delighted in pictorial epithets and pompous exaggerations. To have a style so gorgeous that it conceals the such an admirable motive for a tragedy. I do not know anything in the whole history of literature sadder than the artistic career of Charles Reade. He wrote one beautiful book, THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH. (Oscar Wilde)
  14. Amory gradually accepted this point of view, decided that next fall would inaugurate his career, and relinquished himself to watching Kerry extract joy from 12 Univee. (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
  15. "Just to be dramatic, I'll let you know that if it's blue, my name is withdrawn from the editorial board of the Prince, and my short career is over." (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
  16. "I've felt like leaving college, Monsignor."

"Why?"

"All my career's gone up in smoke; you think it's petty and all that."

"Not at all petty. I think it's most important. I want to hear the whole thing. Everything you've been doing since I saw you last." (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
  1. He may be unselfish, kind-hearted, even just in his own way, but his first job is to provide and to hold fast. His wife shoos him on, from ten thousand a year to twenty thousand a year, on and on, in an enclosed treadmill that hasn't any windows. He's done! Life's got him! He's no help! (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
  2. "What's your difficulty? Lost your job?"

"Not exactly, butwell, call it that."

"What was it?"

"Writing copy for an advertising agency." (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
  1. At any rate we'll have really knock-out roomsyou can get a job on some fashion magazine, and Alec can go into the Zinc Company or whatever it is that his people ownhe's looking over my shoulder and he says it's a brass company, but I don't think it matters much, do you? (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
5.6 Exchange your opinions as to the translation of the following:

Anything which brought an under classman into too glaring a light was labelled with the damning brand of "running it out." The movies thrived on caustic comments, but the men who made them were generally running it out; talking of clubs was running it out; standing for anything very strongly, as, for instance, drinking parties or teetotalling, was running it out; in short, being personally conspicuous was not tolerated, and the influential man was the non-committal man, until at club elections in sophomore year every one should be sewed up in some bag for the rest of his college career. (F. Scott Fitzgerald)


Never, in a brilliant and uninterrupted career of three hundred years, had he been so grossly insulted. He thought of the Dowager Duchess, whom he had frightened into a fit as she stood before the glass in her lace and diamonds; of the four housemaids, who had gone off into hysterics when he merely grinned at them through the curtains of one of the spare bedrooms; of the rector of the parish, whose candle he had blown out as he was coming late one night from the library, and who had been under the care of Sir William Gull ever since, a perfect martyr to nervous disorders; and of old Madame de Tremouillac, who, having wakened up one morning early and seen a skeleton seated in an arm-chair by the fire reading her diary, had been confined to her bed for six weeks with an attack of brain fever, and, on her recovery, had become reconciled to the Church, and broken off her connection with that notorious sceptic Monsieur de Voltaire. (Oscar Wilde)

  • What pros and cons does each of the variants have? What translation methods are applied?

5.7 Try to translate a poetry of E. E. Cummings into Ukrainian. Choose the best variant.

Born in 1894, American poet E. E. Cummings is considered one of the most innovative poets of American literature. He is best known for abandoning the traditional rules of punctuation, capitalization, and sentence structure. Critics have often noted that although Cummings’ work appears complex, the ideas expressed are simple and frequently romantic.

Poetry of E. E. Cummings

you shall above all things be glad and young

you shall above all things be glad and young.

For if you're young, whatever life you wear


it will become you;and if you are glad

whatever's living will yourself become.

Girlboys may nothing more than boygirls need:

i can entirely her only love


whose any mystery makes every man's

flesh put space on;and his mind take off time


that you should ever think,may god forbid

and(in his mercy)your true lover spare:

for that way knowledge lies,the foetal grave

called progress,and negation's dead undoom.


I'd rather learn from one bird how to sing

than teach ten thousand stars how not to dance
5.7 Make and present a written translation of Text 4.14 .
5.8 Make the written translation of the article into English.


Державна служба зайнятості України створена одинадцять років тому з метою забезпечення умов для здійснення права громадян на працю, а також соціальний захист тимчасово непрацюючого населення. Реалії сучасного життя вимагають єдиних підходів у наданні державних соціальних послуг на ринку праці. Це підкреслив міністр праці та соціальної політики України Іван Сахань на презентації Єдиної інформаційно- аналітичної системи Державної служби зайнятості, яка відбулася в Інституті підготовки кадрів державної служби зайнятості, а потім у Мінпраці. Учасники презентації відзначали, що державна служба зайнятості володіє інформацією про вільні робочі місця, надані роботодавцями, незайнятих громадян і безробітних, котрі перебувають на обліку в службі зайнятості, про заходи сприяння зайнятості та соціальної підтримки тощо. І ця інформація стає все актуальнішою для широкого кола користувачів, повідомляє Укрінформ. Єдина технологія обслуговування незайнятого населення (ЄТОНН), в основу якої покладено передовий досвід вітчизняних та зарубіжних служб зайнятості, здійснюватиметься за допомогою Єдиної інформаційно-аналітичної системи державної служби зайнятості (ЄІАС).