Практичний курс англійської мови навчальний посібник з практики усного та письмового мовлення для студентів 4 курсу

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Part 5 translation practice
From Alice's Adventures in Wonderland By Lewis Carroll
Friar, haven't we given Peeves all the chances he deserves
Fat Friar
The firs' years
Finnigan, Seamus,"
Malfoy swaggered forward when his name was called and got his wish at once: the hat had barely touched his head when it screamed
But don't judge on what you see
The Harry Potter?"
Fat Friar
Crabbe and Goyle
Harry swallowed
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PART 5 TRANSLATION PRACTICE

5.1 Study the following material on translation techniques.

Терміном „транскрипція ” позначають віднайдення якомога точнішого відповідника через запис звучання слів мови-джерела графемами мови-реципієнта. За А. Суперанською „Основним посередником передачі запозичених слів є практична транскрипція, а саме перекодування іншомовних слів у свої з наступним записом за допомогою літер алфавіту приймаючої мови без використання якихось додаткових знаків та без придання літерам додаткових значень”. Транскрипція, зв’язана з точною (наскільки це можливо) передачею звучання іноземного слова (примат вимови), - не єдиний спосіб передачі. Можливий і примат графіки - транслітераційна передача. Транскрипція і транслітерація найлаконічніші способи. Завдяки ним створюється певний експресивний потенціал: у контексті слів рідної мови транскрибоване слово виділяється як чуже, надає предмету, який воно позначає, конотацій небуденності, оригінальності. Коли йдеться про нефонетичні (щодо правопису) мови, зокрема - англійську, то транскрипція доречніша ніж транслітерація, що не відтворює справжнього звучання вихідної мови, а часто навіть спотворює його. Транскрипція, поруч із запозиченням і чужим синтаксисом, сприяють перенесенню читача в атмосферу чужої мови, а не перекладові з однієї мови на іншу.

В англомовно-українських відносинах в багатьох випадках не розв'язана повністю проблема усталеного оформлення на письмі звучання англійських слів в україномовному оточенні. Проте все ж українські перекладачі широко послуговуються цим способом перекладу реалій і іноді досить влучно.

Транскрипція та транслітерація найчастіше використовується у випадках, коли мова йде про власні імена , назви державних установ, учбових закладів, тощо. Певним недоліком цього способу є той, що цей спосіб призводить до появи при перекладі незвичних та малозрозумілих слів.

Єдиний різновид реалій, які неминуче треба подавати в національній подобі - це антропоніми та топоніми. Інший підхід до смислово значущих власних імен, прізвищ і географічних назв. Смислове ім'я –це своєрідний троп, рівновартний метафорі чи порівнянню і використаний у стилістичних намірах для характеристики персонажа або соціального середовища. Коли власні імена семантично значущі, втрати від транскрипції бувають надзвичайно великі. Прикладом може бути переклад Іваном Малковичем назви „Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardy” (Гаррі Поттер) як „Гогвартської школи чарів та чаклунства”. Пререкладач , використавши спосіб транслітерації, не звернув уваги на фонетичну значущість слова Hogwarts. Його уподібнення до слова-реалії Гарвард – Гавард (Гавардська) не дозволив би втратити семантичну значущість назви.
5.2 In this sentence translate the toponyms and anthroponyms into Ukrainian. What proper names are impossible to be translated using these translation techniques? Give your reasons. Have you come upon any semantically coloured names?

Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education is the system of state-supported institutions in Oklahoma that includes Cameron University (1908) in Lawton, East Central University (1909) in Ada, Northeastern State University (1846) in Tahlequah, Northwestern Oklahoma State University (1897) in Alva, Oklahoma Panhandle State University (1909) in Goodwell, Southeastern Oklahoma State University (1909) in Durant, the University of Central Oklahoma (1890) in Edmond, and the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma (1908) in Chickasha.
5.3 Start research work with collecting examples and commentary by filling in the chart:

Chart R

Методи та засоби трансляції

Приклади з власної учбової перекладацької практики

Коментар (доречність використання методу)

транскрипція








5.4 In this sentence translate the proper names into Ukrainian. What proper names are impossible to be translated using these translation techniques? Give your reasons. Have you come upon any semantically coloured names?

There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. “Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,” thought Alice; “only as it's asleep, I suppose it doesn't mind.”

From Alice's Adventures in Wonderland By Lewis Carroll
5.5 Divide your group into micro groups of two or three. Each of the micro groups must choose a different extract and translate it into Ukrainian. First work independently. Pay special attention to the italised words. Be sure to collect and enlist all the variants of translation within your group. Discuss the variants and decide which is the best. Present it to the rest of the students.

a) Then something happened that made him jump about a foot in the air -- several people behind him screamed.

"What the --?"

He gasped. So did the people around him. About twenty ghosts had just streamed through the back wall. Pearly-white and slightly transparent, they glided across the room talking to one another and hardly glancing at the first years. They seemed to be arguing. What looked like a fat little monk was saying: "Forgive and forget, I say, we ought to give him a second chance --"

"My dear Friar, haven't we given Peeves all the chances he deserves? He gives us all a bad name and you know, he's not really even a ghost – I say, what are you all doing here?"

A ghost wearing a ruff and tights had suddenly noticed the first years.

Nobody answered.

"New students!" said the Fat Friar, smiling around at them. "About to be Sorted, I suppose?"

A few people nodded mutely.

"Hope to see you in Hufflepuff!" said the Friar. "My old house, you know."

"Move along now," said a sharp voice. "The Sorting Ceremony's about to start."

Professor McGonagall had returned. One by one, the ghosts floated away through the opposite wall.

"Now, form a line," Professor McGonagall told the first years, "and follow me."

Feeling oddly as though his legs had turned to lead, Harry got into line behind a boy with sandy hair, with Ron behind him, and they walked out of the chamber, back across the hall, and through a pair of double doors into the Great Hall.

b) The door swung open at once. A tall, black-haired witch in emerald-green robes stood there. She had a very stern face and Harry's first thought was that this was not someone to cross.

" The firs' years, Professor McGonagall," said Hagrid.

"Thank you, Hagrid. I will take them from here."

She pulled the door wide. The entrance hall was so big you could have fit the whole of the Dursleys' house in it. The stone walls were lit with flaming torches like the ones at Gringotts, the ceiling was too high to make out, and a magnificent marble staircase facing them led to the upper floors.

They followed Professor McGonagall across the flagged stone floor. Harry could hear the drone of hundreds of voices from a doorway to the right -the rest of the school must already be here -- but Professor McGonagall showed the first years into a small, empty chamber off the hall. They crowded in, standing rather closer together than they would usually have done, peering about nervously.

"Welcome to Hogwarts," said Professor McGonagall. "The start-of-term banquet will begin shortly, but before you take your seats in the Great Hall, you will be sorted into your houses. The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your house will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your house, sleep in your house dormitory, and spend free time in your house common room.

c) … Perhaps it was Harry's imagination, after all he'd heard about Slytherin, but he thought they looked like an unpleasant lot. He was starting to feel definitely sick now. He remembered being picked for teams during gym at his old school. He had always been last to be chosen, not because he was no good, but because no one wanted Dudley to think they liked him.

"Finch-Fletchley, Justin!"

"HUFFLEPUFF!"

Sometimes, Harry noticed, the hat shouted out the house at once, but at others it took a little while to decide. " Finnigan, Seamus," the sandy-haired boy next to Harry in the line, sat on the stool for almost a whole minute before the hat declared him a Gryffindor.

"Granger, Hermione!"

Hermione almost ran to the stool and jammed the hat eagerly on her head.

"GRYFFINDOR!" shouted the hat. Ron groaned.

A horrible thought struck Harry, as horrible thoughts always do when you're very nervous. What if he wasn't chosen at all? What if he just sat there with the hat over his eyes for ages, until Professor McGonagall jerked it off his head and said there had obviously been a mistake and he'd better get back on the train?

When Neville Longbottom, the boy who kept losing his toad, was called, he fell over on his way to the stool. The hat took a long time to decide with Neville. When it finally shouted, "GRYFFINDOR," Neville ran off still wearing it, and had to jog back amid gales of laughter to give it to "MacDougal, Morag."

Malfoy swaggered forward when his name was called and got his wish at once: the hat had barely touched his head when it screamed, "SLYTHERIN!"

d) Harry had never even imagined such a strange and splendid place. It was lit by thousands and thousands of candles that were floating in midair over four long tables, where the rest of the students were sitting. These tables were laid with glittering golden plates and goblets. At the top of the hall was another long table where the teachers were sitting. Professor McGonagall led the first years up here, so that they came to a halt in a line facing the other students, with the teachers behind them. The hundreds of faces staring at them looked like pale lanterns in the flickering candlelight. Dotted here and there among the students, the ghosts shone misty silver. Mainly to avoid all the staring eyes, Harry looked upward and saw a velvety black ceiling dotted with stars. He heard Hermione whisper, "Its bewitched to look like the sky outside. I read about it in Hogwarts, A History."

It was hard to believe there was a ceiling there at all, and that the Great Hall didn't simply open on to the heavens.

Harry quickly looked down again as Professor McGonagall silently placed a four-legged stool in front of the first years. On top of the stool she put a pointed wizard's hat. This hat was patched and frayed and extremely dirty. Aunt Petunia wouldn't have let it in the house.

Maybe they had to try and get a rabbit out of it, Harry thought wildly, that seemed the sort of thing -- noticing that everyone in the hall was now staring at the hat, he stared at it, too. For a few seconds, there was complete silence. Then the hat twitched. A rip near the brim opened wide like a mouth -- and the hat began to sing:

"Oh, you may not think I'm pretty,

But don't judge on what you see,

I'll eat myself if you can find

A smarter hat than me…

e) There weren't many people left now. "Moon" "Nott" "Parkinson" then a pair of twin girls, "Patil" and "Patil" then "Perks, Sally-Anne" and then, at last -- "Potter, Harry!"

As Harry stepped forward, whispers suddenly broke out like little hissing fires all over the hall.

"Potter, did she say?"

The Harry Potter?"

The last thing Harry saw before the hat dropped over his eyes was the hall full of people craning to get a good look at him. Next second he was looking at the black inside of the hat. He waited.

Hmm," said a small voice in his ear. "Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind either. There's talent, A my goodness, yes -- and a nice thirst to prove yourself, now that's interesting.... So where shall I put you?"

Harry gripped the edges of the stool and thought, Not Slytherin, not Slytherin.

"Not Slytherin, eh?" said the small voice. "Are you sure? You could be great, you know, it's all here in your head, and Slytherin will help you on the way to greatness, no doubt about that -- no? Well, if you're sure -- better be GRYFFINDOR!"

Harry heard the hat shout the last word to the whole hall. He took off the hat and walked shakily toward the Gryffindor table. He was so relieved to have been chosen and not put in Slytherin, he hardly noticed that he was getting the loudest cheer yet. Percy the Prefect got up and shook his hand vigorously, while the Weasley twins yelled, "We got Potter! We got Potter!" Harry sat down opposite the ghost in the ruff he'd seen earlier. The ghost patted his arm, giving Harry the sudden, horrible feeling he'd just plunged it into a bucket of ice-cold water.

He could see the High Table properly now. At the end nearest him sat Hagrid, who caught his eye and gave him the thumbs up. Harry grinned back. And there, in the center of the High Table, in a large gold chair, sat Albus Dumbledore. Harry recognized him at once from the card he'd gotten out of the Chocolate Frog on the train. Dumbledore's silver hair was the only thing in the whole hall that shone as brightly as the ghosts. Harry spotted Professor Quirtell, too, the nervous young man from the Leaky Cauldron. He was looking very peculiar in a large purple turban.

f) The whole hall burst into applause as the hat finished its song. It bowed to each of the four tables and then became quite still again.

"So we've just got to try on the hat!" Ron whispered to Harry. "I'll kill Fred, he was going on about wrestling a troll."

Harry. smiled weakly. Yes, trying on the hat was a lot better than having to do a spell, but he did wish they could have tried it on without everyone watching. The hat seemed to be asking rather a lot; Harry didn't feel brave or quick-witted or any of it at the moment. If only the hat had mentioned a house for people who felt a bit queasy, that would have been the one for him.

Professor McGonagall now stepped forward holding a long roll of parchment.

"When I call your name, you will put on the hat and sit on the stool to be sorted," she said. "Abbott, Hannah!"

A pink-faced girl with blonde pigtails stumbled out of line, put on the hat, which fell right down over her eyes, and sat down. A moments pause --

"HUFFLEPUFF!" shouted the hat.

The table on the right cheered and clapped as Hannah went to sit down at the Hufflepuff table. Harry saw the ghost of the Fat Friar waving merrily at her.

"Bones, Susan!"

"HUFFLEPUFF!" shouted the hat again, and Susan scuttled off to sit next to Hannah.

"Boot, Terry!"

"RAVENCLAW!"

The table second from the left clapped this time; several Ravenclaws stood up to shake hands with Terry as he joined them.

"Brocklehurst, Mandy" went to Ravenclaw too, but "Brown, Lavender" became the first new Gryffindor, and the table on the far left exploded with cheers; Harry could see Ron's twin brothers catcalling.

"Bulstrode, Millicent" then became a Slytherin…

Malfoy went to join his friends Crabbe and Goyle, looking pleased with himself.

g) "The four houses are called Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin. Each house has its own noble history and each has produced outstanding witches and wizards. While you are at Hogwarts, your triumphs will earn your house points, while any rulebreaking will lose house points. At the end of the year, the house with the most points is awarded the house cup, a great honour. I hope each of you will be a credit to whichever house becomes yours.

"The Sorting Ceremony will take place in a few minutes in front of the rest of the school. I suggest you all smarten yourselves up as much as you can while you are waiting."

Her eyes lingered for a moment on Neville's cloak, which was fastened under his left ear, and on Ron's smudged nose. Harry nervously tried to flatten his hair.

"I shall return when we are ready for you," said Professor McGonagall. "Please wait quietly."

She left the chamber. Harry swallowed.

"How exactly do they sort us into houses?" he asked Ron.

"Some sort of test, I think. Fred said it hurts a lot, but I think he was joking."

Harry's heart gave a horrible jolt. A test? In front of the whole school? But he didn't know any magic yet -- what on earth would he have to do? He hadn't expected something like this the moment they arrived. He looked around anxiously and saw that everyone else looked terrified, too. No one was talking much except Hermione Granger, who was whispering very fast about all the spells she'd learned and wondering which one she'd need. Harry tried hard not to listen to her. He'd never been more nervous, never, not even when he'd had to take a school report home to the Dursleys saying that he'd somehow turned his teacher's wig blue. He kept his eyes fixed on the door. Any second now, Professor McGonagall would come back and lead him to his doom.
5.6 Exchange your opinions as to the translation of the following:

houses

Gryffindor

Hufflepuff

Ravenclaw

Slytherin

house points

the Sorting Ceremony

the rest

Professor McGonagall

Hermione Granger

Dursleys

The Sorting Hat
  • What pros and cons does each of the variants have? What translation methods are applied?
5.7 Try to translate the Sorting Hat’s song into Ukrainian. Choose the best variant.

Oh, you may not think I'm pretty,

But don't judge on what you see,

I'll eat myself if you can find

A smarter hat than me…
5.8 Make and present written translation of Text 4.14 .
5.9 Make the written translation of the article into English.

Профільним Дисциплінам - Професійний Рівень Знань

Станіслав ОШКАДЕРОВ, член-кореспондент НАН України.

З великим інтересом стежу за дискусією, що її розпочав професор М. Ревун на сторінках "УК", про місце історії, політології і релігієзнавства при підготовці наукових та інженерних кадрів для України і співвідношення цих курсів у загальній системі навчання високо професіональних спеціалістів.

Безперечно, високоосвічений студент швидше стане гарним ученим чи інженером і швидше досягне вершин в обраній ним галузі науки і техніки, якщо йому прищепити почуття високої відповідальності перед суспільством і народом, те, що є складовою національної самосвідомості. Мене здивувала позиція доктора філософських наук Г. Темка, який що називається в штики сприйняв занепокоєння й стурбованість М. Ревуна рівнем підготовки інженерів, пошуком резервів часу для підвищення якості спеціальної підготовки, її поглиблення. Природно буде запитати: навіщо в технічному вузі "піднімати, нарощувати рівень знань (релігієзнавство, соціологія, політологія - авт.) до стандартів вищої освіти" (маються на увазі, очевидно, гуманітарні вузи)? Кожен вищий навчальний заклад має готувати профільних спеціалістів, оскільки з роками обсяг інформації в усіх галузях стрімко зростає. І було б добре, якби історики і філософи, в свою чергу, одержали мінімальний обсяг знань з хімії, фізики, математики, генетики, кібернетики, медицини і т. ін., що, на жаль, важко здійснити. Не секрет і те, що сьогодні студентів, здатних позитивно сприймати сучасні курси з природничих наук, стає дедалі менше. Це пов'язано з наявністю різних пізнавальних здібностей та інтелекту кожної людини зокрема і, головне, різними можливостями і здатністю окремих індивідуумів до засвоєння знань, що посилюється обмеженим часом для проходження курсів. А ще треба вивчати іноземні мови, без яких неможлива інтеграція країни у світове співтовариство, любити і знати гарну музику, а не тільки "попсу", високохудожню літературу і т. ін. Саме в такому контексті я сприйняв статтю М. Ревуна. Який смисл в обов'язковому вивченні історії релігії, якщо сучасний розвиток науки, вивчення безконечного всесвіту і різних форм життя

в ньому виключає гіпотезу про божественне походження людини. Певна річ, важливо знати й поважати релігію своїх батьків, релігійні почуття, традиції і культи всіх народів. Зрозуміло, чим більше людина знає, тим вища її культура і ширший її світогляд. Але професійно хай роблять це студенти, які спеціалізуються на філософії, історії, соціології. Намагання обґрунтувати необхідність вивчення історії України у вузах тим, що студент вивчає історію України глибше, аналітичніше, аніж учень, видається мені мало вмотивованим. А якщо це так, то чи не краще було б, ідучи за такою логікою, відмовитись від неусвідомленого вивчення цих курсів у школі, залишивши їх для аналітичного осмислення у вузах?! Тим більше що тут є що осмислювати й аналізувати.

… Відмова нашої країни йти шляхом такого розвитку тільки через те, що тут проглядає інтернаціоналізація виробничих відносин, культурного життя при збереженні національних традицій і звичаїв, виглядала б дивною і виправданою. Це позиція хуторянина. Замість городити тин довкола свого хутора краще будувати дороги до сусідів на захід і схід, на північ і південь до чого закликають нас Президент України Леонід Кучма, Верховна Рада і на що орієнтуються усі розсудливі громадяни країни. Без технічної високоосвіченої і високо професіональної інтелігенції зробити це неможливо.

"Урядовий кур'єр" 2002.04.04