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Е. В. Захарова язык и культура великобритании в условиях европейской интеграции предисловие данное учебное пособие

Вид материалаУчебное пособие
Unit xii. the search for a compromise ?
Keys to part one
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UNIT XII. THE SEARCH FOR A COMPROMISE ?



I.READING COMPREHENSION


A. Pre-reading Task. Answer the questions:


1) Some national symbols of Ireland have become world known. What are they?

2) What is one of the most popular Irish religious holidays which is celebrated in many countries, including Russia?


B. Now read and translate the text. You can make use of the word-combinations given below:


Humiliation – унижение

Assert – утверждать

Offset – выравнивать, компенсировать

Flight – отъезд

Coat of arms – герб

Freedom of assembly – свобода собраний

Birth rate – уровень рождаемости

Equation – соотношение

Shamrock – трилистник (эмблема Ирландии)

Harp – арфа

Logo – логотип

Hurling – ирландский травяной хоккей

Grounds – основание

Groundless – беспочвенный

Civil rights – гражданские права

Holy Trinity – Святая Троица


July each year has become a moment of tension, when the ‘lodges’ (or local branches) of the Orange Order organize parades to celebrate the Battle of the Boyne. Some of these marches go through Catholic areas. What Orangemen see as a celebration of community identity, Catholics see as an unacceptable humiliation and provocation. They expect government to protect their rights as a minority, but the Orangemen assert their right to march ‘the Queen’s highway’, as a firm of freedom of assembly.

While political leaders struggle to find a mutually acceptable and durable settlement, another dynamic is at work. Less than a decade ago the higher Catholic birth rate seemed offset by higher Catholic emigration and any decisive demographic change seemed half a century away. That equation has radically changed, although at first this was unnoticed. The Catholic population is also significantly younger, and 52 per cent of under-16-year-olds in the Province are now Catholic. Meanwhile, the Protestant community is ageing, with over 30 per cent of them over the age of 70. Part of this accelerating change has been caused by the relatively recent flight of the young Protestant middle class to England, for both work and also for university study, after which few return. Queen’s University once had a substantial Protestant majority. Today, however, Catholics form 65 per cent of the student body.

Northern Irish identities contain strong English, Scottish and Irish connections, although there are people in the six counties who identify neither with traditional Irishness nor with Britons from the mainland, seeing themselves instead overwhelmingly in terms of their own local culture, with its emphasis on both hard work and an easy-going character. Ireland’s emblem is the shamrock, whose three-in-one leaf was supposedly used by St Patrick to demonstrate the Holy Trinity, but on the British coat of arms Ireland is represented by a harp, now most widely recognised as the logo for Guiness, the famous Irish stout. The majority of these symbols have become signs of a collective heritage.

Ireland is politically divided but in several respects it is culturally united for many people, not least because the Irish have retained a national distinctiveness despite the globalizing influences that are so evident in England. In the 1960s traditional Irish music saw a resurgence which has continued ; government policy has been to revive the Irish language; indigenous sports such as hurling and Gaelic football have remained popular and Irish literature is flourishing.

If the Catholic population was openly determined upon integration with the Republic, Unionists might have greater grounds for fear. However, it is uncertain what the Catholic majority really wants. Catholic opinion has always been a spectrum from those concerned solely with civil rights to those wanting union with the Republic. This ambivalence about a desirable outcome also exists in the Republic. It is also true that the decline in influence of the Catholic Church in the Republic makes the idea of a united Ireland seem less threatening

to most Protestants than it did. Thus, while remaining part of the United Kingdom for the time being, an increasing degree of Irishness is more acceptable than it once was. Given the way in which the European Union has developed, the way forward may be for a political entity independent of, but in close relationship with, both the United Kingdom and the Republic.


C. Write questions to go with these answers:


1. ___ 1. They celebrate the Battle on the Boyne.

2. ___ 2. Because some of the marches go through Catholic areas.

3. ___ 3. It was offset by higher Catholic emigration.

4. ___ 4. 52 per cent of under 16-year-olds are Catholic.

5. ___ 5. It was partly caused by the recent flight of the young protestant middle class to England.

6. ___ 6. It is shamrock.

7. ___ 7. It is represented by a harp.

8. ___ 8. It was in the 1960x.

9. ___ 9. No, it is uncertain what the Catholic majority really wants.

10. ___ 10. This political entity may be independent of both the United Kingdom and the Republic.


II VOCABULARY FOCUS


A. Translate the following word-combinations into Russian:


To be determined upon smth; a spectrum; threatening; for the time being; an increasing degree; durable settlement; accelerating changes; mainland; stout (n); collective heritage.


Reproduce the situations in which they are given in the text.


B. Find the English equivalents in the text:


Иметь основание для опасений; желаемый результат; влияние католической церкви; тесное взаимоотношение; неприемлемый; утверждать свои права; демографические изменения; стареть; предположительно; процветать.

Think of your own sentences with them.


C. Match the words which collocate with each other :

1. durable a. influences

2. collective b. rights

3. globalizing c. heritage

4. indigenous d. settlement

5. civil e. sports


D. Match the words which are close in their meaning:

1. indigenous a. satisfactory

2. durable b. permissive

3. acceptable c. prospering

4. easy-going d. long-lasting

5. flourishing e. native


E. Match the words having the opposing meaning:

1. easy-going a. fading

2. acceptable b. temporary

3. indigenous c. inadmissible

4. flourishing d. demanding

5. durable e. alien


F. Match the words and their meanings:

1) to claim that you have the right to do smth or behave in a particular way
a. offset

2) the rights everyone should have in a society including the right to express opinions about the governments or to have protection from harm

b. grounds

3) to balance the effect of something
c. assert

4) smth that makes you feel very embarrassed and ashamed
d. human rights

5) a reason for what you say or do, or for being allowed to say or do smth
e. humiliation


.

.


G. Translate the following sentences into Russian:


1) This system discourages people from asserting their rights in court.

2) The report documents human rights abuses by the government.

3) Falling sales in Thailand were offset by strong performances in other markets.

4) I doubt he would risk further public humiliation.

5) The Act prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex or marital status.


H. Complete the sentences using the words in the box:

grounds heritage harp globalizing

demographic change integration majority

coat of arms distinctiveness emigration

determined Holy Trinity retained offset

supposedly birth rate shamrock


1. Less than a decade ago the higher Catholic ___ seemed ___ by higher Catholic ___ and any decisive ___ seemed half a century away.

2. The Irish have ___ a national ___ despite the ___ influences that are so evident in England.

3. Ireland’s emblem is the ___ whose three-in-one leaf was __ used by St. Patrick to demonstrate the ___, but on the British ___ Ireland is represented by a ____.

4. The ___ of these symbols have become signs of a collective ___.

5. If the Catholic population was openly ___ upon ___ with the Republic, Unionists might have greater ___ for fear.

I. Make up phrases and translate them into Russian. Think of your own sentences with them:


accusations

allegations

a) groundless charges

claims

fears

suspicions

b) to have grounds (for the complaints, fear etc.)

on the grounds that

reasonable grounds

to be on dangerous ground

to be on shaky ground


What other expressions with ‘ground’ do you know?

Turn to your dictionary for ideas


J. In which meanings are the following words used in the text:


1) flight

a. a journey through air or space in a vehicle as a plane

b. a movement through the air by a bird or object

c. the act of running away or trying to escape from someone or something


2) assembly

a. a part of a government consisting of people who have been elected to make laws

b. a group of people who meet together for a particular reason

c. the process of building smth by putting all its parts together.


III. INTERPRETATION


A. Answer the questions:


1) Why is July each year a moment of tension? What do you think make people go to extremes?

2) Do you know of any attempts of the political leaders to find a mutually acceptable and durable settlement? Who did it and when? Were there any positive results?

3) What consequences may the changing the demographic situation in Ireland have?

4) What globalizing influences do you think are evident in England and are not so vivid in Ireland?

5) Is it possible to say that in the contest of the European integration the way forward may be for a political entity of, but in close relationship with, both for the United Kingdom and the Republic? What prerequisites exist for it?


B. Paraphrase the statements and comment on them:


1) While political leaders struggle to find a mutually acceptable and durable settlement, another dynamic is at work.

2) Catholic opinion has always been a spectrum from those concerned solely with civil rights to those wanting union with the Republic.


IV SPEAKING PERSONALLY


Some people in Northern Ireland identify neither with traditional Irishness nor with Britons from the mainland. They see themselves overwhelmingly in terms of their own local culture, with its emphasis on both hard work and an easy-going character.

Do you think it’s enough to be recognized as a separate entity?


Discuss the problem with your partners.

When discussing it use the following phrases:

a) is very like; is similar to; is identical to; is much the same as; is comparable to; resembles; has a lot in common with; similarly; in the same way; on the one hand

b) is quite different from; differs from; bears no resemblance to; has very little in common with; on the other hand; in contrast; conversely.


KEYS TO PART ONE



UNIT I

C. 1-d. 2- c. 3 –a. 4 – e. 5 – b

D. 1 – e. 2 – d. 3 – a. 4 – b. 5 – c


E. 1. b 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. d


F.. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c


H. 1. to

2. in

3. for

4. in

5. to

6. to

7. to

8. to

9. on

10. –


I.

1) prior; incorporation; unified

2) debilitation; decay; surrendered; supranational

3) survival

4) phenomenon; identity

5) demise; transmitters


UNIT 2.


C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b

D. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. a

E.

1. e 2. d 3. a 4.c. 5.b


F.

1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. a


H.

1. in

2. in

3. un

4. in

5. un

6. dis

7. dis

8. un

9. un

10. dis


I.

1. from

2. of

3. over

4. in

5. from

6. with

7. to

8. –

9. in

10. to


J.

1) political entity

2) dominant

3) indicative; balance of power

4) official purposes; artificial

5) assumed; homogeneous

6) images; misleading


UNIT 3.

C.

1. b 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. d


D. 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. c


E. 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b


F. 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. b


H.

1. at

2. on

3. for

4. for

5. towards

6. to

7. to

8. for

9. to

10. for

11. on

12. to


I.

1) witnessed; emergence

2) teenagers; consumer group

3) educational provision; access; well-qualified; ambitious; embark

4) feminist; emerged; agenda


J.

1. a 2. b


UNIT 4.


C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b


D. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c


E. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. b


F. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. e


H. 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. f 8. 9. d 10. b


I.

1. indigenous; homogeneity; resurgence

2. deprivation; affluent

3. variegated; authentic

4. descendants

5. indigenous population; ambivalence


J. 1. b 2. a


UNIT 5.


C. 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. b

D. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. c

E.

1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c


F. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b


H.

1. to

2. to

3. to

4. as

5. to

6. over

7. with

8. on

9. –

10. with


I.

1) relevance; demanding

2) crucial; to exercise; hold; urbanized

3) broadcast; proceedings; restore


J. 1. a 2. b 3. a


UNIT 6


C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b


D. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. a

E. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. c


F. 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. c


H.

1. with

2. to

3. of

4. with

5. to

6. into

7. on

8. on

9. to

10. –


I.

1) deregulation; a customs union; radical consequences; national sovereignty

2) consumer culture

3) present the greatest threat; cultural domination; overlooked

4) predicament; fraught

5) evolve; coexist


J.

1. b 2. a 3. b


UNIT 7.

C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b


D.

1. c 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. d


E. 1. c 2. e 3. d 4. b 5. a


F. 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. c 5. a


H.

1. of

2. over

3. to

4. to

5. on

6. for

7. in

8. -

9. for

10. in; with


I.

1) image; misleading

2) suspended; assembled

3) overbearing; conquered

4) exaggeration; divide

5) inherited


J. 1. a 2. b 3. a


UNIT 8.


C. 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. c


D. 1. d 2. e 3. a 5. c


E. 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. c 5. a


F. 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. c


H.

1. in

2. to

3. for

4. with

5. in

6. for

7. to

8. in

9. for

10. to


I.

1. obsesses

2. currency

3. lapsing; status

4. awaress; pluralism; articulated

5. foolhardy


J. 1. b 2. a 3. a


UNIT 9.


C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b


D. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. a 5. b


E. 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c


F. 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c


H.

1. ir

2. dis

3. un

4. un

5. in

6. un

7. un


I.

1. into

2. for

3. to

4. –

5. to

6. of

7. from

8. –


J.

1) dissent; mainstream; identity

2) conquered; incorporated

3) collapse; vital; heartland

4) invested

5) survival; notable


K. 1. b 2. b


UNIT 10.

C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b

D. 1. c 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. d

E. 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. d 5. a

F. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5. a

H.

1. on

2. to

3. on

4. on

5. in

6. at

7. –

8. with

I.

1. diminish; entity; ubiquitous

2. hostility; bound up; hegemony; legacy; burden

3. sensitive; discourse;

4. invisibility; entity; source

5. similarities; tend; contention


J. 1. a 2. b


UNIT 11.

C. 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. b

D. 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. c

E. 1. c 2. e 3. d 4. a 5.

F. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. b 5.

H.

1. of

2. –

3. for

4. from

5. with

6. –

7. about

8. in

9. –

10. at


I.

1) Segregated; integrated

2) outbreak; brought; hostilities; erected; warring

3) claim; integral

4) threatened; fled; fear; reconciliation


J. 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. c


UNIT 12.

C. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b

D. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c

E. 1. d 2. c 3. e 4. a 5.

F. 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. e 5. b


H.

1. birth rate; offset; emigration; demographic change

2. retained; distinctiveness; globalizing

3. shamrock; supposedly; Holy Trinity; coat of arms; harp

4. majority; heritage

5. determinate; integration; ground

J. 1. c 2. b