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Газета «China Daily» (КНР), December 26, 2008, EMBRACING INTERNATIONAL LAW, NOT WEAPONS
Nuclear warhead removal
Joint efforts
Denuclearized zone
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Газета «China Daily» (КНР), December 26, 2008, EMBRACING INTERNATIONAL LAW, NOT WEAPONS


With an independent body of international law, the Republic of Kazakhstan has established military and political mechanisms to address major international challenges and joined international efforts aimed at strengthening global security.

The country renounced the status of a nuclear power, showing by action its intention to follow the principles of cooperation and non-confrontation in international relations.

"Today we are absolutely confident that the decision to renounce our nuclear heritage was the only right decision to ensure national and global security," said the Kazakhstan embassy in China.

The Republic of Kazakhstan became a participant of major negotiations and agreements concerning disarmament, arms control and confidence building measures.

The most important agreements concerned the strategic arms reduction and the elimination of medium and short-range missiles and the conventional arms forces in Europe.

Kazakhstan President Nazarbayev signed a historic decree to close the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in August 1991.

On December 29, 1991 the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine signed the Almaty Declaration, in which they agreed on the control mechanisms over the operation of the nuclear arsenal of the former USSR and affirmed their international obligations concerning the strategic arms reduction.

Representatives of Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and the United States signed a five-party protocol to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in Lisbon on May 23, 1992.

At the same time Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, as the states possessing nuclear weapons, committed themselves to the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Nuclear warhead removal

In accordance with the Lisbon Protocol, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine, as successor states to the USSR in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, have agreed to participate, along with Russia and the US, in the work of a joint commission on observance and inspection.

They have also agreed to conclude agreements on the limits and restrictions specified by the treaty. Kazakhstan ratified the treaty and the Lisbon Protocol, an integral part of the Treaty, on July 2, 1992.

The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty came into force in 1994 and paved the way to disarmament and the elimination of more than 9,000 nuclear warheads under strict supervision.

Kazakhstan was the first among the participants of the Lisbon Protocol to implement the provisions on removal of nuclear warheads.

On April 21, 1996 the removal process of 1,416 nuclear warheads from Kazakhstan territory was completed. On May 30, 1995 the last nuclear test warhead, located at Semipalatinsk test site, was destroyed. Kazakhstan was finally rid of its nuclear inheritance.

In December 1993 the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan ratified the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).

Many countries noted that by doing so Kazakhstan had clearly demonstrated its responsible attitude and maturity in international matters and its aspiration for active participation in resolving important international security issues.

In the statement made on April 14, 1995 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs supported a UN Security Council resolution on the extension of security guaranties to non-nuclear state participants in the NPT made by nuclear states.

Kazakhstan supported the decision that the pledge of security has to have the force of international law.

Joint efforts

Russia, Britain and the US signed the memorandum on extension of security guaranties to Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine.

The signing of this document is an important event of modern international politics. Three countries, which are depositories of the NPT, confirmed their collective obligation to respect the independence and the territorial integrity of Kazakhstan and to secure Kazakhstan from economic blockade. China and France have given Kazakhstan the same assurance.

During the 51st UN General Assembly in 1996, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed.

Kazakhstan by then had already shut down its nuclear test site, dismantled the infrastructure, and had signed agreements concerning nuclear armaments.

Now Kazakhstan is implementing proposals made by its President Nazarbayev during the disarmament conference to include Kazakhstan's seismic stations in the International Monitoring System.

Kazakhstan recognizes the significance of the treaty that has been signed, but it doesn't believe that impacts from nuclear tests are in the past, according to the embassy.

The damage inflicted on the people and environment of Kazakhstan is enormous and has to be properly assessed and mitigated. It is well known that for more than 40 years more than 500 nuclear explosions, including 113 in the atmosphere, were made in Semipalatinsk.

A ceremony for signing the treaty for a central Asian nuclear weapon free zone took place on September 8, 2006 in Semipalatinsk.

Representatives of Russia and China as well as representatives of the UN, IAEA and other international and non-governmental organizations attended the signing ceremony.

The entire region formally renewed its unflinching commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. It was also an effective contribution to combating most acute threats to peace and security and preventing fissile materials falling into the hands of terrorist groups.

Denuclearized zone

The new denuclearized zone in central Asia has a number of unique features.

First, one of the zone's states - Kazakhstan - had the fourth-largest nuclear arsenal in the past. It is the only denuclearized zone in the northern hemisphere.

The treaty became the first multilateral agreement in security that brought together all five central Asian countries.

And for the first time a denuclearized zone was created in a region that borders two nuclear states.

The treaty will not only facilitate the strengthening of security in central Asia, but will also be an important measure promoting regional confidence building and cooperation.

Parties to the treaty will jointly elaborate mechanisms of information exchange, verification procedures and properly fulfill treaty provisions.

On January 14, 1993 Kazakhstan signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (CWC).

Kazakhstan is an observer in the working group of the convention on prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons and their destruction.

The Republic of Kazakhstan, as the successor to the USSR in the Conventional Arms Treaty on Forces in Europe and all respective documents, has signed an agreement in Tashkent in 1992 on the principles and sequence of implementation of the treaty and the personnel strength of the conventional armed forces.

Kazakhstan then confirmed its dedication to the treaty, accepted all rights and responsibilities under the treaty and relevant documents.

The international community expressed appreciation of Kazakhstan's contribution to the disarmament program.