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Сайт «ISRIA», March 24, 2009, IAEA: NUCLEAR-WEAPON FREE ZONE IN CENTRAL ASIA
Сайт «Market Watch» (USA), March 23, 2009, KAZAKHSTAN LEADS NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE ZONE INITIATIVE
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Сайт «ISRIA», March 24, 2009, IAEA: NUCLEAR-WEAPON FREE ZONE IN CENTRAL ASIA


IAEA Welcomes Entry into Force of Treaty Joining Five States in Region Staff Report

The Treaty creating a zone free of nuclear weapons in Central Asia entered into force 21 March 2009, a step welcomed by IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei. Five countries - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - are parties to the Treaty.

The IAEA issued the following statement:

"The Director General welcomes the entry into force of the Central Asian Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (CANWFZ). The zone is an additional contribution to our efforts for a world free from nuclear weapons and is an important regional confidence-building and security measure. The Director General notes with appreciation that the Treaty creating the zone requires the Treaty States to have both a Safeguards Agreement and an Additional Protocol. The combination of these two legal instruments would enable the Agency to not only provide assurances about declared nuclear activities but equally, also, assurances about the absence of possible undeclared nuclear activities in the zone."

The CANWFZ is the first of its kind comprising States of the former Soviet Union, and is the first such zone in the Northern Hemisphere. It forbids the development, manufacture, stockpiling, acquisition or possession of any nuclear explosive device within the zone. Peaceful uses of nuclear energy are permitted if placed under enhanced IAEA safeguards. It joins three other active nuclear-weapon-free-zones (NWFZs) covering Latin America and the Caribbean, the South Pacific, and Southeast Asia. In view is a fifth zone, covering Africa, known as the Pelindaba Treaty, which is nearing entry into force.

Background

The CANWFZ is the first such Treaty to explicitly oblige Central Asian countries to accept enhanced IAEA safeguards (which includes a comprehensive safeguards agreement and the additional protocol to that agreement) on their nuclear material and activities. The Treaty also requires Parties to meet international standards regarding security of nuclear facilities - a move that could reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism or nuclear weapons smuggling of nuclear and radioactive materials in the region. Furthermore, all Treaty Signatories must comply fully with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, which outlaws all nuclear test explosions.

The Treaty also encompasses an environmental component which addresses concerns unique to the Central Asian region. Each of the five States hosted former Soviet nuclear weapons infrastructure and now confront common problems of environmental remediation damage resulting from the production and testing of Soviet nuclear weapons.


Сайт «Market Watch» (USA), March 23, 2009, KAZAKHSTAN LEADS NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-FREE ZONE INITIATIVE


On March 21st, the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone (NWFZ) in Central Asia - signed on September, 8, 2006 - came into force.

Kazakhstan welcomes the Treaty and believes that it will contribute further to the global non-proliferation process - and strengthen regional and international security.

The initiative on establishment of the NWFZ in Central Asia was developed under the United Nations aegis (a number of resolutions were passed by the UN General Assembly to support the Zone's creation).

According to Kazakhstan's Minister for Foreign Affairs, Marat Tazhin, the historical document signed in 2006 in the Kazakh city of Semei - by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan - "became the apotheosis of five Central Asian countries' near decade-long efforts to create a NWFZ... It was highly symbolic that the signing of the document took place in Semei - as Eastern Kazakhstan suffered most from nuclear tests [during the Soviet period]. By our actions, the military nuclear complex employment that started back in August 1949 in Semipalatinsk came to its logical termination."

The ratification of the Treaty is an extension of Kazakhstan's initiatives in the field of regional and international security strengthening; in 1991 Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed the decree to close Semipalatinsk - where 459 nuclear explosions had been conducted.

Minister Tazhin, however, added this week: "As an active participant of the disarmament process" he said, "we regret to note the stagnation of the nuclear disarmament process. The international community has failed to address issues of disarmament and non-proliferation in the absence of consensus and political will."

A Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone, or NWFZ, is defined by the UN as an agreement, generally by internationally recognized treaty, to ban the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area. Additionally, this agreement has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce its obligations. Any Treaty does not prohibit the development of peaceful national nuclear programs. Latin America and the Caribbean was the first Zone to be established in 1967. Three more Zones were subsequently created - the South Pacific (Treaty of Rarotonga, 1985), Southeast Asia (Treaty of Bangkok, 1995) and Africa (Treaty of Pelindaba, 1996). The Central Asian Zone is the fifth in the world and is situated in a territory completely surrounded by land and fully located in the northern hemisphere.