Методичні вказівки до корективного курсу з дисципліни "Англійська мова" для студентів 1 курсу всіх спеціальностей. /Н. С. Фоменко, С. В. Радецька, С. В

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Содержание Написання українських власних назв за допомогою англійської графіки Personal Information Sheet V. Reading Word List Supplementary Reading The Royal Family The Royal Family Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York Dates Relating to Queen Elizabeth II Alexander Bell-the inventor of the telephone Marie Curie a)Read the text and find our how the British like to spend their free at home Coronation Street, Crossroads East Enders The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense IV. Reading and Practice. V. Language VI. Grammar Ordinal (which?) Exercise 1. Read the poem IX. Practice ... Полное содержание

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Написання українських власних назв за допомогою англійської графіки

А—A a І— Yi (yi) Ф—F f -ай—ai

Б—B b К—K k Х— Kh (kh) -ий—y

В—V v Л—L l Ц— Ts (ts) -ия—ya

Г—G g М—M m Ч—Ch (ch) -ой—oy (i)

Д—D d Н—N n Ш—Sh (sh) -кс—x

Е—E e О—O o Щ—Shch (shch)

Є—Ye (ye) П—P p Ю—Yu (yu)

Ж—Zh (zh) Р—R r Я—Ya (ya)

З—Z z С—S s

И—Y Т—T t

І—I і У— U u


Exercise 2. Fill out the form:

Personal Information Sheet

First name ____________________

Last name ____________________

Date of birth _____________________________________________

^{(month) ( day ) ( year)}

Nationality ____________________

Place of Birth ______________________

Citizenship ________________________

Permanent address ________________________________________

Phone _________________

Education ______________________

Secondary school

Professional school

Technical school

Lyceum

Year of leaving ______

Languages:

Russian Excellent Good Fair


Ukrainian Excellent Good Fair


English Excellent Good Fair

Marital status:

Single




Married




Divorced

Widowed


Date ____________________________

Signature ___________

Exercise 3. Role play the situations:

Situation 1.

1.You believe that a student must live in the hostel. Life at home with parents makes a person soft, leaves him unprepared for the difficulties of life outside home. Your friend convinces you that living at home has some advantages.


Guide words: not far from the University, a floor with a special reading –room and recreation hall, to gather in the evening, to listen to music, to dance, to enjoy oneself, to study together, to ask somebody for help, to celebrate, difficult to understand.

Situation 2.

1. Your friend thinks the examinations will be easy. You disagree with him (her) giving your reasons.


Guide words: I think this subject is your weak point ,to fail in exam, to sit for an exam, to have little time, difficult to learn, difficult to remember, to study together, to study hard.


Situation 3.

1. Your friend will leave school next year. He wants to enter the same University where you study. You tell him about the student’s live.


Guide words: entrance exams, to be an applicant for entry, to take a preparatory course, tutorials, instructions, laboratories , to do well, to be good at, to go in for sports, scholarship, to have a good time, to celebrate a holiday .

Situation 4.

1.You are on practice at a foreign enterprise. The head of the enterprise is interested in your personality. Tell him about yourself .

Situation 5.

1.You ,a Ukrainian student, meet at the Club of International Friendship of your city a foreign student. He asks you about your life, family, childhood.


Guide words: to be born in, to enter the University, to study at the department of, to live at home (in the hostel), parents, to work as, to go in for sport, to attend computer courses.


V. Reading

Leisure-Time Activities (My Days Off and Holidays )

Many people think about holidays in January. They begin to make plans. They talk about places and ideas. So people begin to dream. Not everybody likes winter holidays. Many people dream of the sun and warm beaches. And other people like to do things when they are on holiday. They want to learn a foreign language or visit famous places, or go climbing. Some people like to spend their holidays with a lot of other people; other prefer to go on their own.

Even if we all have different ideas about an ideal holiday, we all have to face two problems: time and money.

On weekdays I usually go to the University but on my days off I prefer to rest. I think it is important for us to rest after hard work. At our leisure time we go in for sports, read books, go to the library, cinema, theatre, park, museum or exhibition. As a rule, we try to spend most of the time outdoors. Some students prefer to go to the country to see their relatives and friends. In winter we like to ski and skate. We like to watch an interesting TV programme. In summer and spring picnics are popular with young people.

We are fond of picnics chiefly because we have an excellent opportunity to admire the beauty of nature and have a bite without observing table manners.

Many people like to go to the cinema and theatre at the weekend and holidays.

As for me, my days off are normally like this. I don’t like to get up early and at weekend I wake up late. As a rule I get up at 10 o’clock. Then I do my morning exercises, wash my face and hands and brush my teeth. After that I relax a little: listen to a lovely stereo music and try to forget about all my problems. Then I visit my friends and have a chat with them about our lives. Sometimes my friends and I go to the museum or art exhibition. As a rule, my activities at the weekend depend on my plans, but in any case I manage to do a lot of things and to have a rest. I always try to do my best to have a really good time. But unfortunately time flies very quickly at the weekend, and the next Monday morning come, and I am looking forward to my next days off.

Word List

to dream of smth. ― мріяти про

to go climbing ― займатися альпінізмом

to face the problem ― зіткнутися з проблемою

leisure ― дозвілля

to spend time outdoors ― проводити час на свіжому повітрі

to have an excellent opportunity ― мати пречудову нагоду

to have a bite ― під’їсти

normally ― звичайно

in any case ― у будь-якому разі

unfortunately ― на жаль

time flies quickly ― час впливає швидко

to be looking forward to ― нетерпляче очікувати

without observing ― брутально поводячи себе за столом


Exercise 2. Complete the sentences

1. Not everybody likes … .

2. Many people dream of … .
   
3. Other people like … .
   
4. We all have to face … .
   
5. At our leisure time we … .
   
6. At the weekend I usually… .
   
7. But unfortunately … .
   

Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1.Many people think about holidays in May.

2. Not everybody likes winter holidays.
   
3. At the weekend I usually prefer to rest.
   
4. As a rule, we try to spend most of the time in doors.
   
5. At our leisure time we go to the University.
   
6. In winter we like to stay at home.
   
7. In summer and spring picnics are popular with undergraduates.
   

Exercise 4. Ask questions to get these answers:

1.They begin to make plans.

2. Not everybody likes winter holidays.
   
3. It is important for us to have a rest after hard work.
   
4. We are fond of picnics.
   
5. Sometimes my friends and I go to the museum or art exhibition.
   
6. Time flies very quickly at the weekend, and the next Monday morning comes.
   

Exercise 5. Put the sentences of the text into the logical order. Retell the text.

1. I don’t like to get up early and at the weekend I wake up late.

2. Monday morning comes, and I’m looking forward to my next days off.
   
3. I think it is important for us to rest after hard work.
   
4. We are fond of picnics chiefly because we have an excellent opportunity to admire the beauty of nature and have a bite without observing table manners.
   
5. Even if we all have different ideas about an ideal holiday, we all have to face two problems: time and money.
   
6. Some people like to spend their holidays with a lot of other people, others prefer to go on their own.
   

Supplementary Reading

heir ― наследник • спадкоємець

abdication ― отречение • зречення

enthusiasm ― увлечение • захоплення

to make one’s broadcast ― выступать в радиопередаче • виступати у радіопередачі

duke ― герцог • герцог

to crown― короновать • коронувати

signify ― выражать • виражати

monarchy ― монархия • монархія

annual ― годовой • річний

widespread ― распространенный • розповсюджений

keen promoter ― ярый защитник • завзятий захисник

mass media ― средства массовой информации • засоби масової інформації

commitment ― приверженность • прихільність


Read the texts, give a summary and discuss them.

The Royal Family

At preset the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21^st of April 1926, he grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI.

As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14.

The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne after her father’s death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953.

Among Queen Elizabeth’s many duties are Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has done much to signify the formalities of the monarchy, including allowing the BBC to take a documentary film about the day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the “walkabout”, an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people.

The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebrations and special programmes of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee.

The Queen’s husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke Edinburgh’s Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving wild animals from extinction.


The Royal Family

From the reign of King George VI up to September 1990


King George VI

1895 –1952.m. Lady

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

(Queen Elizabeth the Queen mother)


Queen Elizabeth II Princess Margaret

b.1926 b.1930, m. Antony

m. Philip, the Earl of Snowdon

the Duke of Edinburgh (divorced in 1978)

David Lady Sarah

Viscount Linely Armstrong- Jones

b.1961 b.1964


Charles Anne Andrew Prince Edward,

The Prince of Wales Princess Royal The Duke of York b.1964

b. 1948 m. Lady b. 1950, m. Captain b. 1960, m. Sarah Ferguson

Diana Spencer Mark Phillips

(divorced in 1989) Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York,

b.1988 b.1990


Peter Phillips, Zara Phillips,

b. 1977 b.1981


Prince William of Wales Prince Henry of Wales

b.1982 b. 1984


Order of Succession to the Throne

The Prince of Wales

Prince William of Wales

Prince Henry of Wales

The duke of York

Princess Beatrice of York

Princess Eugenie of York

Prince Edward

Dates Relating to Queen Elizabeth II Anne, Prince Royal

Marriage: 20 Nov. 1947 Peter Phillips

Accession to throne : 6 Feb. 1952 Zara Phillips

Coronation : 2 June 1953 Princess Margaret

Birthday : 21 April Viscount Linley

Official Birthday Celebration : During June Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones


The Queen’s heir is Charles, the Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The Prince of Wales is well-knows as a keen promoter of British interests.

In recent years he has become outspoken on such controversial topics as modern architecture, violence in films and television, and standard of English teaching in schools. His wife Diana, the Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di), has won the affection of many people by her modesty, shyness and beauty. She is one of the most popular members of the Royal Family.

The Queen’s other children are Princess Anne (born in1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but in recent years has become quite popular with the general public.

She is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now the president of the Save the Children Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements.

Prince Andrew, Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he married Miss Sarah Ferguson (Fergie, for short) and has two daughters. Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He has quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company.

The Queen Mother, the widow of the lake King George VI, celebrated her ninety birthday in 1990 and continued to carry out many public engagements every year. The Queen’s only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, in one the most unconventional members of the royal family. She is well-known for her charity work, including her support for Barbados, the Girl Guides Association, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

(from “Monarchy in Britain”)


Alexander Bell-the inventor of the telephone


Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847. Both his father and his grandfather studied the mechanics of a sound. Bell’s father was one of the pioneer teachers of speech to the deaf. Alexander Bell never planned to be an inventor. He wanted to be a musician or a teacher of deaf people. Between 1868 and 1870 Alexander worked with his father and studied speech and taught deaf children in Edinburgh. In 1870 he moved to Canada and the next year he went to the USA. In 1866 the nineteen year-old Bell thought about telegraph and he tried to find a way to send musical sound through the wires. In 1873 he worked as professor at Boston University. He was interested in the mechanical production of a sound and based his works on the theories of Helmholtz. It was possible for Bell to convert the sound wave vibrations into a fluctuating electric current and to carry sound across wires at the speed of light. Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone in 1876. He became a citizen of the United States in 1882. Bell was a modest humanitarian who once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone . both his mother and his wife were deaf. In tribute to Scotland and America, the inscription on Bell’s grave reads: ”Born in Edinburgh … died a citizen of the United States of America”. ”I wonder what the world would be like toady if the telephone hadn’t been invented; Sashe thinks to himself.”

Marie Curie

Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on 7^th of November 1867. her father was a teacher of science and mathematics at school in town, and from him little Marya Sklodovska ― which was her Polish name ― learned her first lessons in science. Marya’s wish was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris and after many years of waiting she finally left her native land in 1891.

Once in Paris Marya began a course of hard study and simple living. She decided to work for two Master’s degrees ― one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. Thus she had to work twice as hard as the ordinary student. Yet she had not enough money to live on. She lived in a bare attic in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her hard day’s works at the University, she would climb to her poorly furnished room and work at her books for hours. Her meals were poor, sometimes no more than a bag of cherries, which she ate as she studied. Though she was often weak and ill under this hard mode of life, she worked in this way for four years. She chose her course and nothing could turn her from it.

Among many scientists Marya met and worked with in Paris was Pierre Curie. Pierre Cutie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of doctor, and from childhood he liked science. At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science and he took his Master’s degree in Physics when he was eighteen. When he met Marya Sklodovska he was thirty five years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But in spite of the honour he brought to France by his discoveries, the French Government could only spare him a very meagre salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused him a laboratory of him own for his researches.

Pierre Curie and Marya Sklodovska , both of whom loved science more than anything else, very soon became the closest friends. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their researches. After little more than a year they fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Marya Sklodovska became Mme Curie. Their marriage>

Notes

a teacher of science ― преподаватель естественных наук (химия физика биология)

master’s degree ― учебная степень магистра

under this hard mode of life ― при такой тяжелой жизни

a Bachelor of Science ― бакалавр естественных наук (звание присваиваемое после окончания университета

spare him a very meager salary ― (зд.) платило ему мизерное жалованье

a)Read the text and find our how the British like to spend their free at home

Recreations

TV Viewing. It has been estimated that the average British person spends 75 hours every week with television, radio, newspapers and magazines. All these sources of information, ideas and entertainments, together with film, video, and advertisements have become a part of daily life.

Watching television is a very popular leisure pastime in Britain. A typical day’s viewing includes film. Plays, current affairs, light entertainments, sport and politics. Nature documentaries are very popular. Television is a great information source which offers news and current affairs programmes, and it is used regularly to give information on everything from weather conditions to wildlife.

Lost of people enjoy “soap operas”. Coronation Street, Crossroads East Enders, and Neighbours are among the most popular TV series. They have been running for many years (Coronation street are been broadcast since 1960, Crossroads ― since 1964, East Enders since 1985) and they all have a large viewing audience.

The growth in use of videocassette recorders and equipment (including home computers) for playing television games has for many people increased the choice of entertainment available in the home.

Listening to music. Another favourite activity is listening to music on radio, records, cassette tapes, and CDs. This has become increasingly popular in recent years. Enthusiasts of pop music spend millions of pounds a year on records and stereo music systems. They also but the various music papers and magazines that publish the ‘charts’ ― list of the current best-selling records ―as well as details of pop singers and musicians.

There is, too, a considerable audience for classical music. Much of it is listened to at home. Radio devotes a lot of its broadcasting time to serious music.

Gardening. Britain is famous for its gardens and most people like gardening. This is probably one reason why so many people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats.

There are more private gardens in Britain than in any other country and they are looked after with love and enthusiasm. The British are keen gardeners. Every newspaper carries a regular gardening feature, radio and TV broadcast gardening programmes and most towns and villages have gardening clubs. Even in cities most people prefer to live in a house ― no matter how small ― gardens, rent a piece of land from their local council where they can cultivate flowers and vegetables. Almost every village and town holds an annual flower show in summer at which local gardeners exhibit fruit, flowers and vegetables and compete with each for prizes.

Do-It-Yourself. A popular British hobby is to make improvements and additions to houses without the help of professional or skilled workers such as painters, builder and carpenters. This activity of making or repairing things ready made of paying a workman to do the work for your, is called, DIY (do –it-yourself).

People with to keep their houses looking smart, and do-it-yourself repair and improvement work is widely practiced. There are now many handbooks and magazines devoted to DIY enthusiasts, telling them to go about repairs and improvements. There are also shops in every town selling or renting equipment and materials for DIY work.

1. What is a ‘soap opera? Can you explain why soar operas are popular though they are often naïve, silly and primitive?
   
2. How do you and your family prefer to listen to music ― on radio, records, cassette tapes, CDs, or at concerts?
   
3. What do the letters DIY mean?
   
4. Is do-it-yourself repair widely practiced in the families of your friends and acquaintances? Are there shops in your city similar to DIY shops?
   

Read the text about the popular pastimes and find out British people’s preferences for certain types of leisure and entertainments.


Popular Pastime

How people use their free time depends on age, sex, educational background, social class and, of course, on their personal taste and inclinations. But even so, it is availability of choices open to them that usually stimulates and directs their recreations.

Enjoyments of the Countryside. The British climate confines many outdoor activity and general enjoyment of the countryside to specific times of the year. National Park are open to the public for walking, bird watching, camping, caravanning (in specific areas) and, above all, for enjoying the scenery, the peace and quiet. There are a large number of rambling clubs whose members meet at weekends and on summer evenings to walk along some of Britain’s many footpaths that criss-cross the countryside.

Many people who enjoy rambling, climbing and cycling often combine these activities with membership of the Youth Hostels Association (YHA). The hostels, doted about the country ― especially in popular areas like the Lake District and the Devon moors ― provide cheap accommodation for members in simple establishments where they normally cater for themselves.

Outings. On holidays, on weekends or days off people often go for day “outing”. Some may not get much further than local parks or private gardens open to the public. Others may visit nearby art galleries and museums, or perhaps go to London for special exhibitions. Interesting exhibitions are organized every year and attract millions of visitors from Britain and overseas. Real enthusiasts go on outing in all weathers.

Outings to the seaside. Whether they have a boat or not, most British families like to spend some time at the seaside in the summer. The beaches are very crowded in hot weather. Groups of people go on organized outings, to popular resorts like Brighton or Blackpool. Coaches full of factory or office workers drive to the coast for a day out. If the sea is warm enough they can go for a swim of they may prefer to take off their shoes and paddle in the shallow water. They may bring a picnic lunch with them , and they can buy ice-cream form the ice-cream van, tea from the refreshment kiosk and drink at the pubs. It may rain but the British are used do changeable weather. The family can always sit in the car, or find the nearest amusement arcade or simply turn round and go home.

Cultural entertainments. Not everybody in Britain is interested in sport or in outings. Some are interested in going to the theatre, to the cinema, to concerts or to the opera where music by British composers is often on the programme. But this kind of entertainment is getting expensive and it is largely city activity, towns and cities also have public art galleries and museums.

A specially classes in Adult Institutes and Colleges of Further Education. People study an incredible variety of subjects, many of them clearly vocational and others of general interest. The difference between adult learners and school- children is that adult learners are choosing what they wish to learn, and usually giving up their leisure time willingly to learn it.

The most popular subjects are foreign languages, computer studies, shorthand/typing and office skills, business administration/management, arts and cultural subjects. Some people go to practical classes like dress-making or car-maintaining but many go for pleasure to do ballet dancing, to lean how to arrange flowers artistically, or to learn a foreign language. Others join classes organized by the Workers’ Educational Association and enjoy listening to lectures and discussing subjects like philosophy.

5. What is outing? When do people usually go on outings?
   
6. What activities are counted as cultural entertainment?
   

Unit 5

Topic: Days, months, season, weather, time

Language: 1. The Present Continuous Tense

2. The construction to be going to do smth.

3. Impersonal Sentences

4. Numerals

5. Adjectives. Degrees of comparison

Text: The seasons and the weather

1. Language
   

1. Sentence Patterns
   

Key examples to be memorized


I am reading a book

He is reading a book

Are you reading a book?

Illustrative Examples

He is working at his invention.

Is he working at his invention?

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Is he working or studying?

He is working.

What is he doing?

He is working at his invention.

What invention is he working at?

He is working at the development of a new device.

Where is he working at his invention?

He is working at his invention at the scientific research institute.

2. Grammar
   

		Subject	Predicate	Object
		We	are taking	an exam
	Are	we	taking	an exam?
What	are	we	taking?
		Who	are taking	an exam ?

The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

to be + Participle I

Дія в процесі, відбувається в момент мовлення

Affirmative (+)	Negative (-)	Interrogative (?)
I am reading a book He is writing a letter She is working We are speaking You are listening to the teacher They are working	I am not reading a book He is not writing a letter She is not working We are not speaking You are not listening to the teacher They are not working	Am I reading a book? Is he writing a letter? Is she working? Are we speaking? Are you listening to the teacher? Are they working?

Exercise 1. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Continuous.


I (to do) my homework.

I am doing my homework.
Model:


1. The boy (to run) about in the garden. 2. John and his friends (to go) to the library. 3. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) English. 4. A young man (to stand) at the window. 5. The old man (to walk) about the room. 6. You (to have) breakfast. 7. Who (to sit) on the sofa? 8. What the (to talk) about? 9. It still (to rain).


Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous.

1. I (not to drink) cofee now. I (to write) a letter. 2. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. Look! The baby (to sleep). 5. The baby (to sleep) usually after dinner. 6. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 7. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 8. I usually (to get up) at seven o’clock. 9. What your sister (to do) now? She (to cook) dinner in the kitchen. 10. Where your mother (to be)? She (to read) a book. 11. Hello! Where you (to go)? – I (to hurry) to the Institute.


III. Practice.

Exercise 1. Express your surprise using the word “really” as in the Model.


He is speaking English.

Is he really speaking English?

Model:


1. This teacher is teaching English. 2. He is writing French words. 3. The students are studying grammar. 4. John is looking at the teacher. 5. She is speaking on the phone. 6. The girl is cooking dinner. 7. It is raining. 8. They are discussing something.


Exercise 2. Object to the statements given below. Use the phrases: No, it is not so. I am afraid you are wrong. I can’t agree with you.


We are studying English.

No, it is not so. We are not studying English.
Model:


1. The students are translating a new text. 2. I am waiting for my friends. 3. She is registering a letter. 4. He is reading the newspaper now. 5. The boy is smoking a cigarette. 6. The baby is sleeping. 7. The friends are talking. 8. The young woman is buying sweets.


Exercise 3. Translate it into English.

1.Куди ти зараз йдеш? 2. Я йду додому, а ти? 3. А я – до університету. Там будуть збори студентів. 4. А де ти був учора, коли я дзвонив тобі? 5. Я ходив на пошту відправити лист. 6. Ти багато вчив вчора? 7. Так, я вчив англійські слова, робив вправи, але в мене не було підручника і я подзвонив своєму товаришу. 8. А що ти робиш зараз? 9. Зараз я чекаю на свого товариша. Він прийде через декілька хвилин.


IV. Reading and Practice.

Read and retell the following text.

A Letter

Dear Paul, Thank you for the invitation to come to Kyiv and spend the holidays with you. I hope, I shall come after the examinations. Now I am busy. I am taking my exams. The examination in physics is the most difficult one for me. But I am sure I shall pass it successfully. I am working hard.

The weather in Kherson is dull, it is raining now. My parents are at home today. Mother is teaching our Hellen English and father is reading a book on his speciality. They ask you to remember them to your family.

Hope to see you soon.

Yours, Peter.

V. Language

Sentence Patterns

Key examples to be memorized


He is going to read this book in English.

Is he really going to read this book in English?

Yes, he is.

It’s going to rain.



Illustrative examples

They are going to listen to music.

Are they going to listen to music?

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

What are they going to do?

They are going to listen to music.


VI. Grammar

The structure to be going to do smth.

Передає намір, найближчу, наступну дію


Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences.

1. The lecture is going to take place on Monday. 2. They are not going to miss classes. 3. I am going to work hard this term. 4. What are you going to do after classes? 5. Though John is ill, he is going to help us to do the work. 6. Who is going to work in the laboratory? 7. How long is the lecture going to last?


Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Ми збираємося писати контрольну роботу. 2. Вони збираються прийти на іспит вчасно. 3. Вони збираються послухати його лекцію. 4. Я буду говорити на ту саму тему. 5. Олег збирається приєднатися до нас? 6. Я не збираюсь грати у теніс після обіду.


VII. Grammar

Numerals

Cardinal (how many?)

1 one	11 eleven	21 twenty –one
2 two	12 twelve	30 thirty
3 three	13 thirteen	40 forty
4 four	14 fourteen	50 fifty
5 five	15 fifteen	60 sixty
6 six	16 sixteen	70 seventy
7 seven	17 seventeen	80 eighty
8 eight	18 eighteen	90 ninety
9 nine	19 nineteen	100 one hundred
10 ten	20 twenty	200 two hundred

1 000 one thousand (a thousand)

2 000 two thousand

1 000 000 one million (a million)

2 372 538 two million three hundred and seventy-two thousand five hundred and thirty-six


Ordinal (which?)

1 first	11 eleventh
2 second	12 twelfth
3 third	13 thirteenth
4 fourth	14 fourteenth
5 fifth	21 twenty-first
6 sixth	1 000 one thousandth
7 seventh	1 000 000 one millionth
8 eighth
9 ninth
10 tenth

½ a (one) half	0.2 – 1) o (ou) point two
1/3 one third	2) nought point two
2/3 two thirds	3) zero point two
¼ one fourth	4) point two
1/25 one twenty-fifth	12.305 – twelve point three o (ou) five
25/38 twenty-five thirty-eighth

Dates

в 1990 році - in nineteen hundred

в 1909 році - in nineteen nine

in nineteen o (ou) nine

в 1970 році - in nineteen seventy

Слово year ставиться перед числівником: in the year nineteen seventy

17 вересня – on the seventeenth of September


Exercise 1. Read the following numbers:

41, 62, 89, 97, 17, 125, 796, 450, 1820, 25 129, 49 357, 151 583, 1 352 765, 2/3, ¼ , 5/6.


Exercise 2. Translate into English:

1. 9 травня 1945 року, 7 січня 1977 року, 5 серпня 1986 року, до 31 січня 1971 року, в липні 1999 року.
   
2. 25 км., 175 000 людей, 3 500 студентів, 8790 книг, 3 75 285 машин, 17 слів, 30 годин, 19 кімнат, 90 сторінок, 0,5 кг.
   

Exercise 3. Make up dialogues about the date, day, year.

Model: - What’ s the day today?

• It is the 6^th of October, 1997.
  
• And what day is it today?
  
• It’s Monday.
  
• No, it is not.
  
• Why?
  
• Because it was Saturday yesterday.
  
• Yes, you are right. I’m sorry. It is Sunday today.
  

Prepositions of time

at	5 o’clock, half past two, a quarter past six, ten minutes to seven, about eight o’clock
at	sunrise, sunset, dawn, daybreak
in	the morning, the afternoon, the evening, the daytime, January, February, March, etc. Winter, spring, summer, autumn, the year 1987, in 1993.
in	June, October, December, 1978, 2002
in -через	in an hour, in two weeks, in a month
on	Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, etc. on the seventh of November on what day do you have English classes?
By - до	By 6 o’clock, by Monday
But:	This year, next week, last month How many times a week do you visit your parents?

Exercise 1. Read the poem

Solomon Thundy	Got worse on Friday
Was born on Monday	Died on Saturday
Christened on Tuesday	Was buried on Sunday
Fell ill on Thursday	That was the end of Solomon Thundy

Exercise 2. Fill in the prepositions:

1. Don’t come late. Come … nine o’clock. 2. What time is it? It is half … six. 3. We are going to leave … a quarter … ten. 4. It is twelve o’clock now. Come here in ten minutes, ten minutes … twelve. 5. Is it a quarter … three? 6. We must work … eight … five o’clock. 7. The train arrives … ten.


VIII. Reading an Comprehension

Read and translate the text:

Time

There are twenty four hours in a day. Each day begins with sunrise and ends with sunset. The time of the sunrise is morning and the time of the sunset is evening. Morning is the time between sunrise and the noon. Noon is twelve o’clock in the daytime. Sometimes we call it midday. Afternoon is the time between twelve and five or six o’clock in the evening. Then comes evening and night. Twelve o’clock at night is midnight. People have a clock or a watch to tell the time. There are 60 minutes in an hour and there are 60 seconds in a minute. Half an hour equals 30 minutes. A quarter of an hour equals 15 minutes.

What is the time? – Котра година?

It is nine o’clock – Дев’ять годин

It is half past nine. – Пів на десяту

It is a quarter past nine. - Четверть на десяту

It is five past nine. – П’ять хвилин на десяту

It is ten (minutes) to nine . – Без десяти хвилин дев’ять

It is a quarter to nine. – Без четверті дев’ять

My watch is fast . – Мій годинник спішить

My watch is (five minutes) slow. – Мій годинник запізнюється на п’ять хвилин

My watch is correct. – Мій годинник йде правильно

It is ten sharp. – Рівно десять.


IX. Practice

Exercise 1. Tell what time is it now:

M
It’s five o’clock.

It’s ten past five.
odel:


6.47; 12.01; 11.30; 20.05; 18.16; 5.35; 21.10; 7.15.


Exercise 2. Read the following dialogue:

- What time is it now?

• It’s half past 10 by my watch.
  
• And by mine it’s only a quarter past ten.
  
• Your watch is 15 minutes slow, I am afraid.
  
• Then it’s time to leave. It’s late.
  

Exercise 3. Complete the dialogues:

• What’s the exact time?
  
• ………..
  
• Are you sure your watch is right?
  
• ………
  
• Then it’s time for me to leave.
  

• ……….
  
• It’s 2 sharp.
  
• ……….
  
• No, I am not going to the University today. It’s my day off. And what’s about you? Are you having classes today?
  
• ……….
  
• What time are they starting?
  
• ………..
  
• It’s only 12 now. Let’s go and have coffee.
  

X. Language

Sentence Patterns

1. Key examples to be memorized.

It is hot.

Is it hot?

It is not hot.

It’s difficult to get there.

Illustrative Examples

It is cold.

Is it cold? Yes, it is. No, it is not cold today. It is warm.

What time is it? It is five o’clock.

What date is it today? It is the 7^th of February.

What day is it today? It is Monday.

What month is it? It is October.

Is it far from there? No, it is not. It is near. It is easy to get there.


2. Vocabulary to be learnt

season- пора року	to spend( spent) – проводити
to snow - йти (про сніг)	to enjoy- насолоджуватися
ground - земля	to swim –плавати
pleasant – приємний	to look – виглядати. You look fine today.
to go in for - займатися	to look like – бути схожим to be like -
to skate – кататися на ковзанах	to change – змінюватися
to ski – кататися на лижах	cloud – хмара
sun – сонце	cloudy – хмарно
to shine – світити	dark – темно
warm – теплий	inside – в приміщенні
to appear –з’являтися	outside - зовні, надворі
to become – становитися	windy – вітряно
weather- погода	leaf – лист (leaves)
to rain – йти (про дощ)	little by little – мало помалу
sky –небо	everywhere – всюди
in the open air – на відкритому повітрі	everybody –всі, кожен to freeze - морозити

3.Grammar

The Impersonal it

	Subject	Predicate	Adverbial modifier
	It	is cold	today
	It	is not cold	today
Is	it	cold	today

It

is easy is difficult is impossible

to get there

XI. Practice

Exercise 1. Express your surprise and give short affirmative (negative) answer as in the model.

M
It is windy today.

Is it really windy today?

Yes, it is. No, it is not.
odel:


1. It is rainy in November. 2. It is easy to learn French. 3. Is it warm in the room? 4. It is cold in winter. 5. It is warm in winter in the Crimea. 6. It is necessary to speak English every day. 7. It is bad weather today.


Exercise 2. Object to the sentences. Use the phrases: No, it is not so. I’m afraid you are wrong. I can’t agree with you.

M
It is two o’clock.

No, it is not. It is not 2 o’clock.

It is ten minutes past two.
odel:


1. It is winter now. 2. It is raining now. 3. It is easy to do this. 4. It is 10 below zero. 5. It is dark in the corridor. 6. It is interesting to read this book.


Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. В кімнаті холодно. 2. Тут темно. 3. Тепло. 4. Цікаво читати цю книгу. 5. Зараз йде дощ. 6. Взимку часто йде сніг. 7. Мені важко перекласти цей текст. 8. Необхідно прочитати цю статтю. 9. Неможливо зрозуміти, що він хоче сказати.


4. Grammar.

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
long big easy	longer bigger (than) easier	the longest the biggest the easiest
beautiful difficult	more beautiful more difficult	the most beautiful the most difficult
good (well) bad (badly) much, many little	better worse more (than) less	the best the worst the most the least

as … as – такий … як (так само … як)

not so … as - не такий … як ,( не так …як)

the more …. the better - чим більше … тим краще


Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences:

1. You are taller than me. 2. We started earlier than you. 3. He was more careful than she. 4. This student is the most attentive in our group. 7. Better late than never. 8. She>

Exercise 2. Fill in as…as, so …as or than

1. Our house is not … big … yours. 2. The new cinema is much bigger … the old one. 3. This text is easier … that one. 4. The house I live in is … old … yours. 5. My composition is not … long … hers. 6. Mike is … tall … Peter.


I. Practice

Exercise 1. Object to the following sentences as in the model. Use the phrases: I don’t agree with you… On the contrary. It’s not quite so.


This text is as interesting as that one.

I don’t agree with you. This text is not so interesting as that one. This text is duller than that one.
Model:


1. In Kislovodsk it is as hot as in Sochi. 2. This boy is as tall as that one. 3. The weather is as cold today as it was yesterday. 4. This lesson is as difficult as that one. 5. Our flat is as large as yours. 6. Books in Ukraine are as expensive as books abroad. 7. I am busy today as you are. 8. This story is as long as that one.


XII. Reading and Comprehension

Read and translate the text.

The Seasons and the Weather

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter- Every season lasts about three months.

Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. It is cold in winter and it often snows. There is much snow on the ground. It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold.

But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a bright sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, but it is not so warm as in spring yet.

Spring comes at the end of March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the days become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, even the people look younger. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. Most people say that spring is the best season of the year.

At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of it, it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. Of course in spring it is much warmer than in winter but it is not so warm as in summer.

Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer it gets light early in the morning and it gets dark late in the evening. In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It often rains but the rain is warm and does not last long. Most people have their holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. It is not pleasant to stay in town in summer, and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football. We enjoy our holidays if the weather is fine.

After summer comes autumn. Autumn is a beautiful season. Many people say that autumn is the most beautiful season of the year. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is still warm and the trees are getting yellow and red. They look so beautiful. There are a lot of brown, yellow and red leaves everywhere in the ground. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November it often rains. Sometimes it even snows. It gets windy. There appear dark clouds in the sky. Of course it is not so cold as in winter yet, but we know that winter is coming. It is more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside. Some people say that is the worst time of the year.




What is the weather like today?

What weather are we having today? - Яка сьогодні погода?

It is raining (snowing).

It is freezing hard.

It is going to rain (to snow).

It is getting warmer (colder).

The weather is fine (bad, warm, cold, rainy, sunny, coldly, windy)

It is warm (cold) today.

It is raining hard (fast).

It looks like rain – Схоже на дощ.

It is cloudly today. - Сьогодні пасмурно

What a lovely day! – Який гарний день .

It keeps fine. - Стоїть хороша погода/

The weather is going to change for the better (worse).


Read the poem by Robert Burns

The flowery Spring leads sunny Summer,

And yellow Autumn presses near,

Then in his turn cmes gloomy Winter,

Fill smiling Spring again appear.


XIII. Practice

Exercise 1. Read, learn and act out the following dialogues:

1. - What is the weather like today?
   

• Very cold, the temperature is well below zero, a very chilly wind is vlowing.
  
• I am not going out that case. I hate cold.
  
• You are right. It was so frosty yesterday that we stayed indoors the whole day.
  

2. - How do you find the climate in Kyiv?
   

• Oh, I like it very much. It’s rather warm, dry and sunnyhave such weather here?
  
• Unfortunately not. Last summer was awful.
  
• And what’s the weather like in Kyiv in winter?
  

• It’s not usually very cold, though sometimes the temperature in Kyiv is minus 10° - minus 12.
  

Exercise 2. Role-play the following situations:

Situation 1. Your friend lives in Kharkiv. Ask him questions about the climate in his native town.

Situation 2. Your friend has just come from Italy. Ask him about the climate of this country. Discuss the climatic differences of Ukraine and Italy.

Situation 3. You are going to visit your relatives. You ring them up about your arrival. Spaek about weather forecast for tomorrow.


Exercise 3. 1. Describe your favourite season.

2. Describe the climate of your native town.



Unit 6

Topic: Ukraine

Language: Passive Voice

Text: Geographical position of Ukraine




I. Language

1. Sentence Patterns