Методические указания предназначены для студентов заочного отделения и экстерната специальности 100105 "Гостиничный сервис"
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VII. Прочтите текст и ответьте на поставленные вопросы.
- What kind of city is San Francisco?
- What is the famous vehicle of San Francisco?
- What do you know about two Bay Bridges? What are they famous for?
- How many small cities are there in San Francisco due to its multinational character?
- What other details can you name and describe?
Вариант 9
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово, оформленное окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
- Its population consists of teachers and students.
- At that time he lived in a little flat for economy’s sake.
- Every day at noon we have a break, which lasts fifteen minutes.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными.
- Best of all I like summer months.
- I have never been to Cyprus that is why I bought a ticket for a sea voyage.
- Several Moscow University physicists work at this problem.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
- It is easy said than done.
- To study well is as important as to work well.
- During the holidays the students are as busy as during the academic year.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.
- We wanted to see everything in the museum but it was impossible.
- Some boys from our group will study in London.
- I know nothing about it, but I know someone who can tell me about it.
V. Перепишите данные ниже предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
- Mary takes her dog for a walk in the evening.
- Cris has just phoned to his friend and now he knows all information about the meeting.
- I was going home when I saw him.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите абзацы текста с 1-го по 4-й включительно. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
CITIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is more than 57 million people. It is mostly urban: nine tenth of it lives in towns and cities.
London, the largest city in Europe, dominates Britain, it is home for the headquarters of all government departments, Parliament, the major legal institutions and the monarch. It is the country’s business and banking centre and the centre of its transport network. It contains headquarters of the national television networks and of all the national newspapers. It is about 7 times larger than any other city in the country. About a fifth of the total population of the United Kingdom lives in the Greater London area.
The country’s second largest city is Birmingham. During the industrial revolution, the city and the surrounding area of the west midlands, known as the Black country, developed into the country’s major engineering centre. Factories of Birmingham still convert iron and steel into a vast variety of goods.
In northern England, there are large deposits of coal and iron ore. They enabled this area to lead the industrial revolution in the 18th century. On the western side, the Manchester area became, in the 19th century, the world’s leading producer of cotton goods. On the eastern side, towns such as Bradford and Leeds became the world’s leading producers of woollen goads. Further south, Sheffield became a centre for the production of steel goods. Further north, around Newcastle, shipbuilding is the major industry.
Glasgow in Scotland is the third largest city in Britain. It is associated with heavy industry and some of the worst housing conditions in Britain. However, this image is one-sided. Glasgow has a strong artistic heritage. At the turn of the last century, the work of the Glasgow school put the city at the forefront of English design and architecture.
Edinburgh, which is half the size of Glasgow, is the city of science and is associated with science, law and administration. This reputation, together with many historic buildings has led to its being called “The Athens of the North”. The annual festival of the arts is internationally famous.
VII. Прочтите текст и ответьте на поставленные вопросы.
- What is the population of the United Kingdom?
- What part does London play in the life of the United Kingdom?
- What is Birmingham noted for?
- What natural resources are there in northern England?
- How can you characterize Glasgow's image?
- What is Edinburgh associated with?
Вариант 10
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи является слово, оформленное окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
- Washington’s monument stands at the national capital which bears his name.
- The workers are telling us about their work.
- The high buildings are men’s colleges.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными.
- The rock of the canyon walls shows many chapters of the earth history.
- At two they have a dinner break which lasts till four.
- They used animal skins for clothing and meat of animals for food.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
- The Mississippi River is the world’s third longest river after the Nile and the Amazon.
- The more you read, the better you will know English.
- This book costs twice as much as that book.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.
- He lives somewhere near here.
- Where can I find anyone here who can give me some advice on this question?
- I want to buy some new clothes, but I haven’t any money.
V. Перепишите данные ниже предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
- The teacher explained the rule to the students.
- You can’t watch the film now. The mechanic is fixing the TV set.
- They will promise you much, but don’t imagine they will give you everything.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите абзацы текста с 1-го по 4-й включительно. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
AUSTRALIAN CITIES
Canberra is a fascinating 20th century creation that has struggled to establish itself as the focus of Australia’s national history, pride and identity. Canberra has long been perceived as the “fat cat” of Australian cities, a town of politicians and bureaucrats living off the hard work of their country folk.
Step outside the Parliamentary Triangle and you’ll soon find it isn’t true — most of the politicians go home every weekend, and a great many of the bureaucrats have lost their jobs in recent public service cutbacks.
Canberra has grown from a Federation baby into an adult city with all the problems and delights that being a grown-up brings.
Sydney. Australia’s premier city is the oldest settlement in Australia, the economic centre of the nation and the country’s capital in everything but name. Sydney is built on the shores of the magnificent.
Port Jackson. It’s a vital, self-regarding metropolis, with both a bright urbanity and a slavish obsession with global fads. The successful Olympic Games, held in Sydney in 2 000, further cemented the city’s reputation as a civilized, fun-loving and friendly place to be.
Melbourne. Australia’s second city is a place of contradictions and hidden charms. A leafy, bayside community on the “upside-down”, brown Yarra River, it is cosmopolitan, suburban, cultivated, football crazy, conservative and a haven for the avant-garde. Visitors come for its shopping, restaurants, nightlife and sporting calendar.
Brisbane is Australia’s third largest city and the state capital of Queensland. Not so long ago, the rest of Australia considered it little more than an overgrown country town, but it has rejected this unwelcome reputation to become one of the country’s most progressive centers.
Since playing host to a lot of major international events in the 80s, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games and Expo 88, Brisbane has developed into a lively, cosmopolitan city with several interesting districts, a good street cafe scene, a great riverside park, a busy cultural calendar and decent nightlife.
VII. Прочтите текст и ответьте на поставленные вопросы.
- What is the capital of Australia?
- What century was Canberra created in?
- What do you know about Canberra?
- What is Australia’s premier city?
- What do you know about Sydney?
- What is Australia’s second city?
- What is Australia’s third largest city?
- What kind of reputation does Brisbane have nowadays?
Контрольная работа № 3.
Вариант 1
The word hospitality comes from “hospice”, an old French word meaning “to provide care and shelter”. The first institutions of this kind, taverns, had existed long before the word was coined. In Ancient Rome they were located on the main roads, to provide foods and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for officials and couriers of the government with special documents. The contemporaries proclaimed these inns to be “fit for a king”. That is why such documents became a symbol of status and were subject to thefts and forgeries.
Some wealthy landowners built their own taverns on the edges of their estates. Nearer the cities, inns and taverns were run by freemen by retired gladiators who would invest their savings in this business in the same way that many of today’s retired athletes open restaurants. Innkeepers, as a whole, were hardly the Conrad Hiltons of their day. Inns for common folk were regarded as dens of vice and often served as houses of pleasure. The owners were required to report any customers who planned crimes in their taverns. The penalty for not doing so was death. The death penalty could be imposed merely for watering the beer!
After the fall of the Rome Empire, public hospitality for the ordinary travelers became the province of religious orders. In these days, the main purpose of traveling was pilgrimage to the holy places. The pilgrims preferred to stay in the inns located close to religious sites or even in the premises of the monasteries. Monks raised their own provisions on their own grounds, kitchens were cleaner and better organized than in private households. So the food was often of a quality superior to that found elsewhere on the road.
As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did the number of wayside inns. In England, the stagecoach became the favored method of transportation. A journey from London to a city like Bath took three days, with several stopovers at inns or taverns that were also called “post houses”. Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the lobby, ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from the house. The fare was usually bread, meat, and beer, varies occasionally with fish. Frequently, the main dish served was a long-cooked, highly seasoned meat-and-vegetable stew. But the diners who were frequenters were not choosy, neither did they often question what they were eating.
I. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
to be located, overnight accommodation, to be run by, to impose penalty, a wayside inn, a stagecoach, a stopover, to purchase, a diner.
II. Выпишите из текста части предложений, которые содержат следующие фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
To be coined, to provide smth, to be subject to, to invest in, common folk, dens of vice, on the premises, a highly-seasoned dish, to be choosy.
III. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
- What is the origin of the word “hospitality”?
- What was the most important function of a Rome tavern?
- What did the contemporaries say about these places?
- Was it prestigious to be an innkeeper in those days?
- What was the main purpose of traveling during the Middle Ages?
- What sort of place was a wayside inn?
- What food in the eating places for common people?
IV. Переведите текст на русский язык.
Вариант 2
The structure of society is usually represented by sociologists as a pyramid divided into three unequal parts:
1. Upper classes (less than 3%) are the social elite who live on inherited wealth and/or have earned high incomes through skills in the professions or business. The first group often buys and dresses conservatively rather than showing off their wealth. While small in number, “upper uppers” serve as a reference group for others. The second group includes the “new rich” who consume conspicuously to impress those below them. They tend to be active in social affairs and buy for them selves and their children the symbols of status
2. Middle classes (about 42 %) have neither family status nor unusual wealth. They are primarily concerned with “career”. Usually they are divided into the “upper middle class” (bankers, merchants, corporate managers, etc.) who make market for good homes, clothes, furniture, and the “lower middle class” (well-paid intellectuals, white-collar workers who live on “the better side of town”. To keep up with the trends, they often buy products that are popular, seeking the better brand names. Better living means owning a nice home in a nice neighborhood.
3. Lower classes (about 55 %) include the “upper lowers” (average-pay blue-collar workers and those who lead a “working-class lifestyle”, whatever their income, school background, or job. They depend heavily on relatives for financial and emotional support, especially in times of trouble, and the “lower lowers” (7 %) are poverty-stricken. Often they are not interested in finding a job and prefer “to be on welfare” (receive social security benefit).
People from the same social class and even occupation may have quite different lifestyles. Life-style studies capture something more than the consumer’s social class or personality. They profile the person’s whole pattern of acting and interacting in the world.
The technique of measuring lifestyle is known as psychographics. It involves measuring the major personality dimensions: activities, interests, and opinions. According to their lifestyles, the consumers are classified into “principle-oriented” people whose purchases depend on their own views of the world, “status-oriented” people who base their purchases on the opinions of the others, and “action-oriented” people who are driven by their desire for activity, variety and risk taking. During his lifetime, a person may go through several of these lifestyles or even may play several roles. But this concept, when used carefully, can help the marketers understand changing consumer values and behavior.
I. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
The social elite, the new rich, to consume conspicuously, a career, to keep up with the trends, a white-collar worker, to be on welfare, occupation.
II. Выпишите из текста части предложений, которые содержат следующие фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
Inherited wealth, poverty-stricken, principle-oriented, status-oriented, action-oriented.
III. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
- What term is used by American sociologist to refer to social elite?
- What differences have been noticed in the buying behavior of the aristocrats and of the “new rich”?
- What segments are the middle classes usually divided into and what typical of the buying behavior of each segment?
IV. Переведите текст на русский язык.
Вариант 3
In the same situation, two people may act differently because they perceive it differently. One person may perceive the waiters at TGI Friday’s as casual and familiar, while another person may view them as friendly and cheerful. Individual perception differs because it is “selective”. The psychologists say that there are actually three processes in a single act of perception, which are responsible for our selectivity of perception: selective exposure, selective distortion, and selective retention.
Selective exposure. The average person may see more than 1,500 advertisements a day. Most will not be noticed unless it stands out from the surrounding ocean of other ads. The marketers call this trick “positioning”: it is necessary to position the name of their products in the mind of potential consumers so that they are quickly and repeatedly recalled.
Selective distortion. Even the ads that we do notice are not always remembered in the intended way. Each person tries to fit incoming information into his mindset. The term selective distortion describes the tendency of people to adapt information to personal meanings. If a person reads a bad review on his favorite Chinese restaurant, he may decide that the reviewer did not like the seasoning in this restaurant because he prefers localized Chinese food to authentic Chinese food served in this restaurant. In such a way, a negative review would support your positive feelings about the restaurant the reviewer writes about.
Selective retention. It is well-known that people forget much of what they learn. They tend to retain information that supports their attitudes and beliefs. Because of selective retention, a business traveler who prefers to stay at Sheraton Hotels will remember the article in a business magazine praising Sheraton. Someone who prefers Hilton is not likely to pay attention to this article.
Marketers pay so much attention to customers’ perception of their messages because they are concerned with the customers’ attitudes, and the formation of right attitudes is the goal of marketing. Once negative attitudes are developed, they are hard to change. New restaurant owners often want quick cash flow and start without proper quality. A new restauranteur complained that customers are fickle. When he opened, first there were lines of people waiting for a seat. A few months later, he had plenty of empty seats every night. Obviously, he had not satisfied his first guests. Even though he may have subsequently corrected his early mistakes, his original customers were not returning, and probably were reporting negative comments to their friends.
I. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
Casual, to target customers, selective exposure, positioning, ads, selective distortion, authentic (localized) food, cash flow, selective retention.
II. Выпишите из текста части предложений, которые содержат следующие фразы и переведите их на русский язык.
to be repeatedly recalled, to adept smth. to smth., fickle, subsequently.
III. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
- Why do people often act differently in the same situation?
- Why are most advertisements seen but not noticed by the people?
- What conditions necessary for a particular ad to be noticed?
- What is mean by positioning?
- What is mean by “adapting the information to personal meaning”?
- What kind of information do we usually retain?
IV. Переведите текст на русский язык.
Вариант 4
The purpose of any business is to create and maintain profitable customers. Customers are attracted and retained when their needs are met, and they also talk favorably to others about their satisfaction. That is why the customer’s satisfaction leading to profit is the central goal of hospitality marketing. And what about profits? Hospitality managers sometimes act as if today’s profits are primary, and customer satisfaction is secondary. This attitude eventually sinks a firm as it finds fewer repeat customers and faces increasingly negative reputation. Good managers understand that profits are best seen as the result of running a business well, rather than as its sole purpose. Managers who try to maximize short-run profits are short-selling both the customer and the company. Consider the following episode, which is rather typical for a restaurant business.
A customer arrived at a restaurant before closing time and was greeted with “What do you want?” Somewhat surprised, the customer replied that he would like to get a bite to eat. A surly voice informed him that the restaurant was closed. The customer pointed to a sign on the door stating that the restaurant was open until nine. “Yeah, but the time I clean up and put the food away it'll be nine, so we’re closed.” The customer left and went to another restaurant a block away.
Let’s think for a moment. Why was the customer treated so shabbily? Perhaps the employee wanted to leave early, or she suffered from a headache, or she had personal or family problems. Consider these reasons and others. How many are really valid? All of us have aches and family problems, and places to go. So does the customer, and as long as we depend on customers for our livelihood, their needs come first.
What really happened in this episode is that the employee once served a customer right before closing time, resulting in the employee working until ten thirty. Instead of being thanked for staying late, she was reprimanded for putting in extra time. The managers wanted to keep down overtime expenses. But they don’t realize that they are losing customers and hundreds of dollars of future business. Service falls short when employees are trying to please their immediate boss forgetting about the needs of the customer.
People employed in hospitality industry are part of the product their company is selling. How they answer the phone, greet customers, and solve customer’s problems is very important. Marketing calls upon everyone in the company to be customer-oriented, not only the personnel of the marketing department. Everyone in the organization has to make decisions based on the impact on the customer. Satisfying his needs is a priority in any business.