Урока по страноведению (элективный курс) в 11 классе по теме: «Система школьного образования в сша»
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Методическая разработка
урока по страноведению
(элективный курс)
в 11 классе
по теме:
«Система школьного образования в США»
учителя английского языка
МОУ лицея № 29
Киселевой Т.В.
School Education in the USA
Цель урока: введение нового материала по теме «Система школьного образования в США», сравнение с системой школьного образования в Великобритании и России и вывод на самостоятельное неподготовленное высказывание через групповое обсуждение.
Воспитательные и развивающие цели:
1 Развитие памяти, мышления, внимания, умения слушать и понимать речь, творческой фантазии.
2 Активизация рече-мыслительной деятельности.
3 Развитие умения сравнивать, сопоставлять, высказывать свое мнение.
4 Развитие умения выявлять закономерности, делать выводы и обобщения.
5 Формирование интереса к странам изучаемого языка.
Практические задачи:
1 Тренировать учащихся в чтении текста с извлечением основной мысли.
2 Учить аудированию нового материала с последующим обсуждением, сравнением с ранее изученным материалом, высказыванием своего мнения с выходом на самостоятельное высказывание по теме.
3 Учить решению вопроса в паре.
4 Учить вести групповое обсуждение вопроса с выходом на самостоятельное высказывание путем моделирования, анализа и синтеза.
План урока
1 Определение темы урока учащимися после прочтения граффити написанных американскими школьниками и постановка цели урока.
2 «Какими они были в школе?» Вспомнить факты из школьной жизни великих или популярных людей в России (мире), известные учащимся.
Чтение небольших текстов, в которых Американские кинозвезды рассказывают о том, какие они были в школе, с выделением главной мысли.
3 Введение нового материала «Система школьного образования в США».
4 По ходу объяснения нового материала проводится обсуждение и сравнение системы школьного образования в Америке, Великобритании и России.
5 Сообщения учащихся об интересных фактах из школьной жизни американских школьников, о некоторых традиционных внешкольных мероприятиях, имеющих место в старшей школе Америки (подготовленное монологическое высказывание).
6 Проецирование идеальной системы школьного образования в России (групповая работа)
7 Подведение итогов, выставление оценок, домашнее задание.
Level: Upper Intermediate
Skills: Speaking
Language Focus: “Education” vocabulary
Combines with: Elective Course “English-Speaking Countries: America, GB”
Approximate Time: 45 minutes
Materials: 1 American graffiti
2 scheme of British School Education
3 scheme of American School Education
4 list of possible elective courses in the USA
5 short texts for reading
Procedure:
lead in:
1 Introduction
The walls of the classroom are decorated with school graffiti:
Keep the school tidy; throw your rubbish out of the window.
Don’t go to school; sleep at home.
If we learn from our mistakes, then I’m getting a fantastic education.
I like the teachers when they’re at home.
Teacher is an anagram of cheater.
I’m teacher’s pet; she can’t afford a dog.
Don’t be late for school in the morning; stay in bed until the afternoon.
If you can’t spell a word; look it up in a dikshunary.
Students read graffiti. These words were written by American students on the walls of their schools. They are real. Students determine the theme of the lesson - “School Education in America”.
2 Warm up:
T: When we are schoolchildren we don’t know which of us will be famous and popular. If a student is not very good at school, it doesn’t mean that he or she won’t be a success in future.
For example, A. Pushkin was very poor at sciences. He hated Maths, but he was excellent at Literature and Foreign Languages.
V.V. Putin was very good at humanities, but not very good at sciences.
M. Gorky had a great desire to study and did it well but he had to drop out school to earn his living to help the family.
Do you know any other facts about famous people what they were like at school?
(Students give their examples)
…
T: I’d like you to know about some famous American people. You know all of them. They are American film stars. I’m going to give you texts where you can read what these people say about themselves what they were like in school.
The task is to read a text quickly and summarize what you have learnt about these people. Choose the most interesting information. Work in pairs. You have a minute and a half to read the text and get ready.
(Students read the texts in pairs and give their answers.)
…
All of these people (except Arnold) attended American schools. What are American schools like? What is the system of school education in the USA? We will try to answer these questions.
3 - 4 Listening and speaking
While listening students answer the questions, compare the system of school education in the USA with system in Russia and GB, give their ideas of changing and improving of school education in Russia.
SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE USA
In America the system of school education differs from the system in some countries. Each of the 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education and its own system of public schools.
1) In America public schools are state schools. What does “public school” stand for in GB?
From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not. For example:
- In all states elementary education begins at the age of six. All states require young people to attend school. (The age limits vary: 32 states require attendance to age 16; 8 states to 18; etc.) Thus, every child is guaranteed up to 13 years of education (up to the 8th grade). Attendance is compulsory differently in different states.
2) What about GB and Russia?
At what age do children go to school?
What is the age limit of compulsory education?
- Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students. In other cases, decisions are left entirely to local school officials. There is no national curriculum in the United States.
3) What do you think about it?
Do GB and Russia have the national curriculum?
Sizes of secondary schools vary greatly, from very small (50 students) to extremely large (3000 students).
(See scheme) Traditionally it consists of an eight-year elementary school, followed by a four-year secondary school or high school (8—4 plan organisation). But there are some other variations in the states. It can be a six-year elementary school, followed by a three-year junior high school and then a three-year senior high school (6—3—3). Another variation is a six-year elementary school, followed by a six-year secondary school (6—6).
4) What is the structure of school education in GB?
What stages does it have in Russia?
(See scheme) The programme of studies in the elementary school is different in different schools. It includes English, arithmetic (sometimes elementary algebra), geography, the history of the USA, elementary natural science including physiology and sometimes a foreign language. Physical training, singing, drawing and handwork, wood or metal work are often taught.
The elementary schools are usually small. The high schools are generally larger and combine students from four or five elementary schools. Admission to the American high school is automatic after the elementary school.
Although there is no national curriculum in the United States, most secondary schools offer the same “core” of required subjects which are compulsory for all students. These subjects are English, mathematics, physical education, social science. But there are also elective subjects. These are the subjects which some students learn and others do not learn, if they do not like them, or think that they do not need them. Among elective subjects are mathematics, physics, chemistry, foreign languages, history. Besides giving general education, some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agriculture. In addition students can choose Agriculture, Industrial Arts, Business, Art, Music and many others. Some high schools give preparatory education to those planning to enter colleges and universities. (See the list of possible elective courses in the USA)
5) What do you think about this system?
Does it have any advantages and disadvantages? What are they?
Would you like to change anything in compulsory subjects in our schools and in your possibilities to choose electives?
The number of different subjects offered by the school often depends on the size and financial resources of the school district. In most US schools a student studies between 5 and 7 subjects. Classes may be scheduled differently in each school. The traditional schedule shows the same subject at the same time every day of the week. Many schools have different systems in which the schedules and subject combinations change every day.
At the end of every school year, the child takes a test. If he does well, he goes into the next class ("grade"). If he doesn't do well, he has to repeat the grade. Students of the high school take examinations (“final exams” or “finals”) at the end of the semester or during a year covering all of the material taught during that period. American children graduate from school without any special examinations.
6) What exams and when do British children take? What about Russia?
What would you change in the exam system in Russia?
School takes place 5 days a week. School year starts on different dates in August and ends at the end of May. They have 4 holidays: at the end of November (Thanksgiving Day), December–January (Christmas-New Year), in spring (Easter) and in summer.
7) What about Russia? Would you like to change anything and why?
At the end of their time at school, most students get a high school diploma and can enter college or University. Many American school-children finish only Junior High schools. The certificate of the Junior High school does not allow them to enter college or University.
(See scheme) In state-supported public schools, the education is free. About 85 % of American students attend public schools (schools supported by American taxpayers). The other 15 % attend private schools which are fee-paying. They are run by churches or groups of individuals. These schools differ from the public schools both in curriculum and administration. Religious teaching is a part of the curriculum. In some private schools students must wear a uniform.
8) Are there any private schools in Russia? What about GB?
What is your attitude to wearing uniforms?
Many Americans go on to institutions of higher education when they leave school. If they want to go on to college or university, they often take college admission tests. Sometimes there are no admission examinations. Private colleges and universities, especially such large and well-known as Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, have examinations.
9) How can teenagers enter universities and institutes in our country?
And in GB?
A student may study many interesting subjects at college, in short or long courses, but if he wants to get a degree, he has to study for at least four years. Thus it usually takes four years to get a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Master of Arts or Master of Science degree may be obtained in one or two additional years. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It may take any number of years to finish the original research work necessary to obtain this degree.
Extracurricular Activities are very important in high school life. They are club meetings, music or drama rehearsals, sport etc. in the afternoon after classes. Students who usually don’t meet in the classroom get to know each other in areas of common interest. School becomes the centre of social life of students.
5 Listening
Listening to short reports about the biggest traditional events in American high schools prepared by students – “homecoming” and “prom”.
10) Do we have the same traditions?
6 Working out projects
Students in groups work out their own system of education in our country. They use the scheme on the blackboard which has been drawn with their help. They have to distribute points among the members of the group and represent their system of education. They have 5 minutes to do the task.
Sample scheme:
traditions age limits stages exams private and state schools
extracurricular activities EDUCATION curriculum
days a week holidays subjects
electives compulsory
Students represent their ideas of education in Russia which are discussed.
7 Summing up of the lesson, marks.
Home task: speak about school education in the USA.
Possible Elective Courses in the USA
| Art: Basic Foundations Art Portfolio Preparation Advanced Placement Studio Art English: Creative Writing Journalism Photo Journalism Reading Improvement Speech & Drama Theatre Production Foreign Languages: French German Spanish Health & Physical Education Library Maths: (Applied) Algebra (Applied) Geometry Trigonometry Functions Analytic Geometry Computer Maths Probability Statistics Music: Music Theory Choir Orchestra Band Science: Earth Science (Applied) Biology Chemistry Physical Geology Astronomy Physics Business Management Applied Business Law | Social Studies: World Studies American Studies Sociology Economics 20th century History Advanced Placed Government Business: Introduction to Business Keyboarding Applications Accounting Computer Concepts Information Word Processing Home Economics: Life Management Skills Child Care occupation Food Occupation Parenting Education Independent Living Technology Education: Technical Drawing Communication Technology Electronics Technology Manufacturing Technology Power & Transportation Technology Construction Technology Health Occupations: Introduction to Health Occupations Practical Nursing Trade & Industrial Education: Auto Body Automatic Technology Building Trades Cosmetology Electronics Printing Television Production |