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Required Reading
2. Translate the following words into Ukrainian paying attention to the difference in their meaning
Basic form
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Required Reading

O b l i g a t o r y :


1. Arnold I.V. The English Word. – M., 1973, pp. 46-59, 100-111.

2. Ginzburg R.S. et al. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. – M., 1979, pp. 108-140.

3. Верба Л.Г. Порівняльна лексикологія англійської та української мов. – Нова книга,2003,с. 25-54

4. Ніколенко А.Г. Лексикологія англійської мови. – Нова книга, 2007.


O p t i o n a l :


1. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для студ. пед. ин-тов по спец. № 2103 «Иностр. яз.». – М.: Высшая школа, 1985, C. 59-79.

2. Английская лексикология в выдержках и извлечениях. Пособие для студентов пед. ин-тов (на англ. яз.). – 2-е изд. – Л.: Просвещение, 1975, 86-171.

3. Архипов И. К. Семантика производного слова английского языка. – М., 1984. – С. 4-18.

4. Бортничук Е.Н. и др. Словообразование в современном английском языке: Учеб. пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз / Е.Н.Бортничук, И.В.Василенко, Л.П.Пастушенко / Под ред. Ю.А.Жлуктенко. – К., 1988.

5. Каращук Т.М. Словообразование английского языка. – М., 1977.

6. Кубрякова Е.С. Что такое словообразование? – М., 1965.

7. Леонтьева С.Ф. Отрицательные аффиксы в современном английском языке. – М., 1974.

8. Мешков О.Д. Словообразование в современном английском языке. – М., 1985.

9. Мостовий М.І. Лексикологія англійської мови. – Х., 1993, C. 10-66.

10. Раєвська Н.М. English Lexicology. – K., 1971, pp. 37-106.

11. Царёв П.В. Продуктивное словообразование в современном английском языке. – МГУ, 1984, с. 28-47.

12. Adams V. An Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation. – London, Longman Group Ltd., 1973.

13. Bauer L. English Word-Formation. – Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983.

Tasks and Exercises


1. Comment on the meaning of the prefixes in the following words.


Afloat, afoot, afresh, alight, along, anew, awaken.

Amoral, anomalous, aseptic.

Befriend, behead, belittle, besiege, bewitch.

Uncomfortable, unequal, unhappy, unreal, unsafe.

Unarm, unbelt, unbind, uncap, undress, unmask, untie.

Disagree, disapprove, discomfort, disobey.

Disappear, disarrange, disband, disconnect, disjoin.


2. Translate the following words into Ukrainian paying attention to the difference in their meaning:


Childish – childlike, colorful – colored, delightful – delighted, economic – economical, exhaustive – exhausting – exhausted, feverish – fevered, godlike – godly, historic – historical, loving – lovely – lovable, manly – mannish, pleasant – pleased, reddened – reddish, respected – respectful – respectable, rightful – righteous, snaky – snakelike, starry – starred, tasty – tasteful, touchy – touched – touching, watery – waterish, womanlike – womanly – womanish.


3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pick out prefixed words and comment on the meaning of these prefixes:


1. He was disinclined to trouble himself with a young man (W. Maugham). 2. There would be a time for rearrangements and readjustments (G. Chesterton). 3. Your co-believers are remarkably unscrupulous and insensitive about those of us who have come to the opposite conclusion (Ch. Dickens). 4. As she talked to Mamma, relating the events of her journey, she displayed strong, discolored teeth which, however, were somewhat unmanageable and made little clicking noises (A. Cronin). 5. I am afraid, I misjudged you in the past, I beg your pardon (W. Maugham). 6. In all big cities there are self-contained groups that exist without intercommunication (W. Maugham). 7. Uncle Elliot said it was most improper and Mamma said she thought it unnecessary (W. Maugham). 8. He was a non-representative artist and he painted portraits of her in squares and oblongs (W. Maugham). 9. Until the events of the last few days he had been almost supernaturally steady all this year (J. Galsworthy). 10. He was an ex-fisher (W. Maugham). 11. Young Jolyon sat down far off, and began nervously to reconsider his position (J. Galsworthy). 12. Soames desired to alter his condition from that of the unmarried man to that of the married man remarried (J. Galsworthy). 13. There’s an unfortunate devil, who has got a friend on the poor side, that’s glad to do anything of that sort (Ch. Dickens).

4. Classify the following –er nouns into: a) agent-nouns; b) nouns denoting things which do what the stem denotes; c) nouns denoting persons who live in a certain country or locality.


Announcer, Britisher, cutter, defender, driver, fighter, footballer, foreigner, free-thinker, gardener, listener, Londoner, Netherlander, New-Yorker, offender, owner, reader, reaper, speaker, villager, opener.


5. Comment on the meaning of the noun-forming suffix –ess. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following nouns in –ess. Pay attention to the corresponding suffixes in Ukrainian.


Baroness, poetess, actress, stewardess.

Empress, heiress, lioness, tigress, traitress.

Advanturess, hostess, Jewess, laundress, shepherdess, waitress.

Countess, goddess.


6. Comment on the meaning of the suffix –ish. Arrange the following adjectives into groups denoting: a) belonging to some nationality or locality; b) like, having the quality of; c) approaching the quality of:


Babyish, biggish, brownish, brutish, childish, dampish, devilish, dollish, fattish, Finnish, foolish, girlish, greenish, greyish, Irish, Jewish, kittenish, monkeyish, piggish, Polish, poorish, reddish, Spanish, Turkish, tigerish, whitish, wolfish, womanish.


7. Form adjectives by adding the suffix –ly to the following nouns. Arrange these adjectives into two groups according to their meaning: a) having the quality of, characteristic of; b) occuring.


Brother, coward, day, father, hour, man, month, mother, night, quarter, sister, soldier, time, week, wife, woman, year.


8. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pick out nouns with suffixes and comment on the meaning of these suffixes:


1. I have to say that you have a traitress in your camp (B. Show). 2. Mummy, is daddy in your room (J. Galsworthy)? 3. There is no happiness like that of being loved by your fellow-creatures, and feeling that your presence is an addition to their comfort (Ch. Bronte). 4. By displaying towards Irene a dignified coldness, some impression might be made upon her; but she was seldom now to be seen, and there seemed a slight difficulty in seeking her out on purpose to show her coldness (J. Galsworthy). 5. His cunning, his personal skills, his behaviour, his mixture of good-nature and unbendingness were all of a piece (C. Snow). 6. I recalled his high spirits, his vitality, his confidence in the future, and his disinterestedness (W. Maugham). 7. A dramatization of the work was made, which ran for a season in New York (W. Maugham). 8. He is the idealist, he is the dreamer. 9. From the top lefthand drawer of her chest she brought out a handful of sweets (A. Cronin). 10. The roar of the pneumatic cutter in that narrow space was deafening (W. Maugham). 11. He took a cigarette and sucked in a lungful of smoke (W. Maugham). 12. I have every confidence in my informant (A. Cronin). 13. A polite refusal is better than a rude grant (J. Galsworthy).


9. Comment on the examples of converted words in the sentences below. State to what part of speech they belong and the derivational pattern of conversion:


1. Miss Watkins was a nobody. She was a drifter. No family, no close friends (P. Benchley). 2. He turned his head wearily on the pillow. The nurse shooed us from the room then (H. Robbins). 3. But I am not in the least prepared to give a support to degrading superstitions (C. Snow). 4. I stood up as they neared my table (Id.). 5. I called Jane in and told her to get all the department heads up into my office…What was the good of being boss if nobody showed up for you to boss? (Id.). 6. She was wearing a tweed coat trimmed with fur, smart travelling clothes, foreign in make and cut (A. Christie). 7. George signalled for the check. The waiter brought it and he paid him (Id.). 8. The talk reverted to the subject which had been tabooed before (A. Christie). 9. Seizing the knocker, she executed a deafening rat-a-tat-tat and, in addition, thumped upon the panels of the door (Id.). 10. I heard a miaow behind me, and, turning, saw a lean white cat (H. Wells). 11. He was sweating a little from being down around the engines, and he straightened up and wiped his face with a piece of waste (E. Hemingway). 12. Caroline put the palms of her hands out to the sun to get them browned (M. Spark). 13. This was his last try (J. Hilton). 14. His face paled. Hatred choked him (P.O. Connor). 15. My thoughts have been much occupied with the ups and downs, the fortunes and misfortunes of married life (W. Maugham). 16. Down the road, in twos and threes, more people were gathering in for the day of marketing, the day of festival (R. Ludlum). 17. I used often to go out for a swim in the Pacific (I. Montagu). 18. He bridged his hand over his eyes – the light over the bed seemed to be blinding him (J. D. Salinger). 19. He tensed the muscles of his big neck, as though forcedly levelling his voice (D. Carter). 20. He waited, and the wait was not long (R. Ludlum).


10. Classify the following compounds according to the part of speech they belong to.


Age-old, home-made, anything, skin-deep, killjoy, yesman, salesman, ill-fitting, whitewash, three-room, first-rate, metal-cutting, baby-sit, haymaker, water-proof, handshake, well-bred, tender-hearted, whatever, anybody, one-sidedly, never-to-be-forgotten, himself, bottleneck, widespread, old-looking, sunbathe, whoever, third-rate, clean-shaven, hair-dresser, hair-do, well-wisher, oak-tree, life-long.


Test Questions and Tasks


А. Consider your answers to the following:

  1. What do we mean by derivation?
  2. How are affixes classified?
  3. What are the principles of classification of prefixes?
  4. What are the principles of classification of suffixes?
  5. What do we understand by an allomorph?
  6. What are the features of combining forms?
  7. What are the characteristic features of hybrids?
  8. What is conversion?
  9. How is conversion defined in linguistics?
  10. What features of Modern English have produced the high productivity of conversion?
  11. Which categories of parts of speech are especially affected by conversion?
  12. How can the problem of the original and the target word in conversion be solved?

13. What is word-composition?

B. Match the Ukrainian term with the corresponding English equivalent.


Word-formation
комбінуючі форми

Word-derivation
конверсія

Word-composition

гібриди

Affixation

аломорф

Conversion
деривація

Allomorph

словоскладання

Combining forms

словотвір

Hybrids


афіксація

Prefix
префікс

Suffix


суфікс

Complementary distribution
комплементарна дистрибуція

Basic form
основна форма