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Theme ІII
The tasks are
Points for discussion
Completly segmented words
Defectively segmented words
Bound mophemes
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Theme ІII




MORPHEMIC STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN WORDS



The aim is: to study word-structure, i.e. number, type and arrangement of morphemes in a word, as well as to find out how different types of derivatives are constructed.


The tasks are:

to differenciate between the level of morphemic analysis and the level of derivational or word-formation analysis;

to acquire skills in segmenting a word according to the method of IC and UC and determining number and type of morphemes;

to acquire skills in derivational analysis of a word and determining a derivational base and its type, a derivational affix and a derivational pattern of the word;

to learn working definitions of principal concepts.


Points for discussion


1. Segmentation of words into morphemes. Principles of morphemic analysis. Procedure of morphemic analysis, method of Immediate and Ultimate Constituents. Morphemic types of words (monomorphic and polymorphic, monoradical and polyradical, radical-suffixal, radical-prefixal, prefixo-radical-suffixal). Types of word segmentability (complete, conditional, defective).

2. Definition of a morpheme. Classification of morphemes. Root morphemes and affixational morphemes. Free, bound and semi-bound morphemes.

3. Derivative structure and derivative relations. Derivational patterns, types of derivational patterns (structural and structural-semantic). Derivational bases, types of derivational bases.

Working Definitions of Principal Concepts


MORPHEME

the minimum meaningful language unit, an association of a given meaning with a given sound pattern.

ROOT-MORPHEME


the semantic nucleus of a word with which no grammatical properties of the word are concerned.

STEM

that part of a word which remains unchanged throughout its paradigm and to which grammatical inflections and affixes are added.

DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME

an affixal morpheme which when added to the stem modifies the lexical meaning of the root and forms a new word.

MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION

the ability of a word to be divided into such elements as roots, stem and affix.

THE PRINCIPLES OF MORPHEMIC ANALYSIS

the segmentation of words is generally carried out according to the method of Immediate and Ultimate Constituents. This method is based upon the binary principle, i.e. each stage of procedure involves two components the word immediately breaks into. At each stage these two components are referred to as the Immediate Constituents (IC). Each IC at the next stage of analysis is in turn broken into smaller meaningful elements. The analysis is completed when we arrive at constituents incapable of further division, i.e. morphemes. These are referred to as Ultimate Constituents (UC). The analysis of word-structure on the morphemic level must naturally proceed to the stage of UC-s.

IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS


any of the two meaningful parts forming a larger linguistic unit.

ULTIMATE CONSTITUENTS
constituents incapable of further division.

DERIVATIVE STRUCTURE


is the nature, type and arrangement of the ICs of the word.

DERIVATIVE RELATIONS

are relations between words with a common root but of different derivative structure.

DERIVATIONAL BASES

are functional units to which a rule of word-formation is applied. They present the part of the word which establishes connection with the lexical unit that motivates the derivative and determines its individual lexical meaning describing the difference between words in one and the same derivative set.

VALENCY

the combining possibilities of derivational affixes.

DERIVATIONAL PATTERN

a meaningful combination of stems and affixes that occur regularly enough to indicate the part of speech, the lexico-semantic category and semantic peculiarities common to most words with this particular arrangement of morphemes. (Ginsburg, p. 103)

COMPLETLY SEGMENTED WORDS
have transparent morphemic structure that is conditioned by the fact that its constituent morphemes recur with the same meaning in a number of other words.

CONDITIONALLY SEGMENTED WORDS
are words whose segmentation into the constituent morphemes is doubtful for semantic reasons.

DEFECTIVELY SEGMENTED WORDS
have unique morphemes met nowhere else but in this word only.

FREE MORPHEMES
can stand alone without changing their meaning and coincide with a stem or a word form.

BOUND MOPHEMES
are used only as a part of a word.