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Четвертая международная конференцияИЕРАРХИЯ И ВЛАСТЬ В ИСТОРИИ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЙ (Москва, 13 – 16 июня 2006 г.) Тезисы докладов | FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEHIERARCHY AND POWER IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS (Moscow, June13 – 16, 2006) Abstracts |
РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК
Центр цивилизационных и региональных исследований
Институт Африки
РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Факультет истории, политологии и права
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies
Institute for African Studies
RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY FOR THE HUMANITIES
School of History, Political Science and Law
Четвертая международная конференция
ИЕРАРХИЯ И ВЛАСТЬ
В ИСТОРИИ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЙ
(Москва, 13—16 июня 2006 г.)
Тезисы докладов
Fourth International Conference
HIERARCHY AND POWER
IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS
(Moscow, June 13—16, 2006)
Abstracts
Moscow 2006
The “CIVILIZATIONAL DIMENSION” Series
Volume 13
Editorial Board of the Series:
IGOR V. SLEDZEVSKI (Editor-in-Chief)
DMITRI M. BONDARENKO, NATALIA A. KSENOFONTOVA,
ALEXEI M. VASSILIEV
Editors of the Volume:
DMITRI D. BELIAEV
DMITRI M. BONDARENKO
Центр цивилизационных и региональных исследований РАН, Институт Африки РАН и Российский государственный гуманитарный университет выражают искреннюю признательность издательству "Учитель" за участие в финансировании конференции.
The Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies and the Institute for African Studies under the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian State University for the Humanities would like to thank the "Uchitel" Publishing House for financial support.
ISBN
© Центр цивилизационных и региональных исследований РАН
Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the RAS
© Институт Африки РАН
Institute for African Studies of the RAS
CONTENTS
Panel I. Anthroplogy of Europe: The Limits of Political Centralization 4
Panel II. Cosmopolitanism, Globalism, and Nationalism: (Un)Stable Identities in the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia 8
Panel III. Europe as Political and Cultural Entity: Dialogue of Civilizations or Civilization of Dialogue? 14
Panel IV. Hierarchy and Power before and after the Revolutions 23
Panel V. Human Rights in History of Civilizations 36
Panel VI. Interpreting Violence: The Confessional, the National, the Generational, and the Personal 43
Panel VII. Modern Mass Media and Public Sphere: New Challenges and Opportunities for Democracy 50
Panel VIII. Networked Cultures: Negotiating Cultural Difference in Contested Spaces 77
Panel IX. Power and Identity in Multicultural Societies 85
Panel X. Power and Ideology in the Northern Maya Lowlands 98
Panel XI. Social and Historical Dynamics: Patterns, Trends, Mechanisms, and Mathematical Models 106
Panel XII. Power, Theory and Evidence in African, Ancient and Modern Slavery 116
Panel XIII. Status, Socium and Accusation: The Forms of Accusation and Inquisition from Antiquity to Renaissance Period 119
Panel XIV. Structure of Power and Hierarchy in Chinggis Khan Empire: A Cross-Cultural Perspective 123
Panel XV. The Cossack Communities, Identity and Power on the Eurasian Space in the 16th – 20th Centuries 129
Panel XVI. The Ruler and Socio-Cultural Norm in the Ancient and Medieval World 133
Panel XVII. The Structure and Legitimation of Power in Ancient Societies of North-East Africa, the Near and Middle East 140
Panel XVIII. Transitions, Transformations and Interactions of Hierarchical Structures and Social Nets in the Late 20th—Early 21th Centuries 145
Panel XIX. Free Communication Panel 157
Index of Contributors 178
PANEL I
Anthropology of Europe: The Limits of Political Centralization
Convenors: Petr Skalník (Univerzita Pardubice, Czech Republic);
Andrés Barrera-González (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain)
The panel addresses the anthropological dimensions of European integration and unification. Will the identities of each composite part and those common for the whole of Europe compete or coalesce? What is the socio-cultural character of the centre in Brussels and how does the periphery feel about the relationship between itself and the centre? Against the ethnographic data participants will seek answers to these and other questions about the extent to which political centralisation is acceptable for European societies, so long existing as nation-states. Among the premises which should be placed under scrutiny, confirmed or disproved are the following: 1) as the governmental drive towards integration and unification strengthens, various centrifugal forces get stronger as well; 2) the original European Union of consensus is ever more problematic as the number of participating states increases; 3) the contrasts of culture combine with economic differences, and therefore a serious danger of a ‘two-speed’ process of integration in Europe threatens the very functioning of the supra-national institutions; 4) the more complex communication among countries and regions becomes, the more independently and lacking of effective controls bureaucracies behave in centres such as Brussels or Strasbourg. Documents such as the European Constitution are too complex to be understandable to ordinary citizens. Both politicians and ordinary citizens have to face the issue of further expansion of the EU towards the East, which seems to display serious cultural challenges (Turkey, Ukraine, Croatia, Georgia, etc.). Increasing realisation of differences in political culture, which include election behaviour, attitudes toward authorities, populism and charisma, and a host of other features, make the need to analyse the potential for amalgamation and emergence of all-European values and attitudes ever more pressing. Anthropologists, whose main arena of research is among the grass-roots, can contribute considerably to a better understanding of a quickly changing Europe.
Hana Novotná (Univerzita Hradec Králové and Univerzita Pardubice,
Czech Republic)
An Anthropologist´s View of Filming in a Local Community
Between 2002 – 2004, the village community of Dolní Roveň (DR) in eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic) became a focus of a three-year anthropological and sociological restudy called „ Dolní Roveň: Social Anthropology and Sociology of a Czech Commune at the Turn of the Third Millenium.“ The selection of the site for filming has been determined by opportunity as it is commonplace in anthropology. The practicality is underlined by the previous sociological research going back to the 1930s and the recent restudy of the village. DR, exposed to a continuing transformation from a peasant-type society, into a modern semi-autonomous social formation, is anything than a self-contained social unit. The NM2 (New Media for a New Millennium) documentary is based upon existing ethnographic fieldwork. However, the influence is far from being straightforward: the experiment alters the traditional ethnographic account and thus different approaches and procedures of the representation of reality arise. There are three levels of representation: that of the ´native point of view´, the anthropologists´ and that of the film makers. Any cross-cultural dialogue and cultural transmission cannot take place without mediation or interpretation. An anthropologist emerges as a mediator between the film maker and the ´natives.´ The documentary video based upon anthropological fieldwork retains different perspectives on cultural reality. The representation of multiple voices results from the assumption of culture as alterable and contestable that enables the registering of different points of view. The researchers operate both within and beyond anthropology striving for novel ways of representation and expanding the existing boundaries. The ´marriage´ between anthropological insight and film-making procedures is enriching as it offers to explore the multiple points of view. It is experimental in what it provokes: creativity among the viewers limited by the set of possibilities within the social reality: it is no virtual world, there are concrete people with their real narratives, real objects and genuine events.
Petr Skalník (University of Pardubice, Czech Republic)
Vladivostok is in Europe –
at Least One Czech Anthropologist Thinks So (A Contribution to the
Discussion where Russia Belongs in the Open World of Today)
At least two great Czechs contributed to the age-old discussion of whether Russia belongs to Europe or not. The philosopher and founder of Czechoslovakia Tomáš G. Masaryk wrote three volumes of his Russia and Europe trying to come to grips with this question. Milan Kundera, the famous living author, now based in France, argued for the place of his native Czechoslovakia among western nations by excluding Russia from the West (and thereby Europe). European Union thus far rejects the idea of Russia being an integral part of Europe and therefore a logical candidate for EU membership. As a political anthropologist I take issue with various pro and con positions by discussing political, social and cultural facts which attest to the important place Russia occupies as a historically formed outpost of Europe towards Asia. Without joining the cultural circle school of Samuel Huntington and his likes, or adhering to naive Slavophilism, I argue for recognition of scholarly data which show that Europe as a sociopolitical initiative has no fixed boundaries, that it is high time to realise that no fortresses and walls can be erected in the open world as long it is really made and kept open.
Davide Torsello (University of Lecce, Italy)
The Lesser of Two Evils Trust and Legality in Comparative Perspective:
The Cases of Southern Italy and Slovakia
Most of the scientific literature on corruption agrees on the idea that it is difficult to conceptualize what corruption means for the social and political life of a country. This assumption is based on three points. First, corruption practices are variable in space and time, i.e. there is a high degree of specificity in what citizens of a country may perceive as “corrupt” or, vice versa, as “standard practice”. Secondly, even when common perception indexes are applied, they can hardly work to define the complexity of local conditions. This is because the role of observers studying corruption is crucial: a substantial knowledge of the local systems of values, cultural perceptions and the social practices becomes the fundamental prerequisite to read beyond numbers and figures. Third, because corruption belongs mainly to the sphere of the illegal or “black” economic and political practices which are scarcely visible, it is difficult to operationalize the notion. The paper proposes an alternative way to analyze the impact of corrupt practices on the local understanding of legality. The cases of the southern Italian regions and Slovakia are used comparatively to provide evidence on the use of the EU regional funding system. I argue that among the roads to establish trustworthy and transparent policies of economic development and integration there is room for a cultural perspective. This should look at the local understanding of trust in institutions, as well as at the tension between formal and informal conceptualizations of legality.
Terence Wright (University of Ulster, Belfast, UK)