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Semantic peculiarities of the English article and ways of its translation

Дипломная работа - Иностранные языки

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e work, as in the following sentence:

They sent me to Amsterdam to try for a scholarship, and РЖ won it. Мене вирядили до Амстердама на конкурс, який обiцяв стипендiю в художнiй школi, i я здобув СЧСЧ.It goes without saying that such a descriptive translation of the noun (a scholarship) could be offered only by a translator well acquainted with the content of the preceding sentences or even of the whole paragraph.are, naturally, many more contextual realizations of the" lexical meanings, pertaining to the definite and the indefinite articles, which they may acquire in a text/at words level.view of the diversity of possible lexical realizations, which the English articles may have in words, the student will be warned to employ not only their single word equivalents to express their meanings in Ukrainian. A thorough study of the broader context may sometimes help to find a more fitting substitute for a lexically charged indefinite or definite article in Ukrainian. Thus, in the sentence He had a face that reminded me of a frog. (W.Lewis) and But how in heavens name could they raise a sum like that? the bold type indefinite article a can not be denied the meaning of the demonstrative pronoun таке. All this must be borne in mind when dealing with the lexically meaningful articles in the sentences of the exercise below. Unfortunately, the restricted space of the manual makes it impossible to give regular passages with the implicit (contextual) meanings of the definite and the indefinite articles.analyses of more than 500 cases of translation of English articles into Ukrainian enabled to make the following conclusions:

1.The meanings of the definite article are usually expressed through different Ukrainian attributive pronouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs or cardinal/ordinal numerals.

2. The meanings of the indefinite article are usually expressed through the cardinal numeral one, by the indefinite pronoun якийсь, as the demonstrative pronoun цей, ця, це, as one of the possessive pronouns, as the negative pronoun жоден, or the negative particle анi, as different relative adjectives, the most often used being справжнiй;as different adverbs, as an adjective enforced by an emphatic or some other particle or group of particles, as am interrogative or indefinite pronoun also enforced by some emphatic particles.

3.The category of Definiteness and Indefiniteness which influences the way of rendering from English into Ukrainian a lot is equally pertained to both contrasted languages.

Part III. Methods of teaching articles

.1 Article in a school programme

The present system of teaching articles to foreign students suggested in schools shows that theoretically teaching articles is presupposed but practically its proper training is impossible at the moment. That means that the school programme includes teaching English articles as a separate part of words but the textbooks which corresponds the programme do not have enough training exercises. After using such textbooks students still make the most widely-spread errors because of the lake of practice.studying these books we have decided that there is not enough information devoted to teaching articles. We think that teaching articles is very important that is why we would like to propose the system of teaching articles for 5-6 forms. The following block of exercises serves for elimination of the most typical errors among the foreign students and for the formation of their strong theoretical basis of knowledge as the value of this set of exercises is concentrated in the fact that first it gives theory and then practical exercises which precisely reflect the mentioned theory.

3.2 Teaching articles in the 5th form

a - one. Dont forget a.

Do you want a cup of tea? (not Do you want cup of tea?)

Alice works in a bank. (not in bank)

I want to ask a question. (not ask question)

When I was a child, I liked reading stories.

Birmingham is a large city in central England.(not a) before a/e/i/o/u:

-They lived in an old house.

-A mouse is an animal. It is a small animal.

Can you give me an example, please?

This is an interesting book.

I bought an umbrella and a hat.an hour (h is not pronounced: an (h)our)a universityEuropean country

(these words are pronounced yuniversity, yuropean)use a/an for jobs:

-What is your job?

-I am a dentist

What does she do?

She is an engineer(an + other) is one word (not an other):

-Can I have another cup of tea?

-Open another window. It is very hot.. Write a or an.

1.. тАжaтАж book

2.тАжanтАж old book

.тАж window

.тАж horse

.тАж airport

.тАж university

.тАж organization

.тАж restaurant

.тАж Chinese restaurant

. тАж Indian restaurant

. тАж accident

. тАж bad accident

. тАж question

. тАж important question

. тАж hamburger

. тАж hour

. тАж economic problem

. тАж nice evening

II. What are these things? Choose your answer from the list and write a sentence? bird flower fruit musical instrument planet river tool game

. a duck? It is a bird.

. the Nile? It тАж

. a rabbit? It тАж

. tennis? It тАж

. a rose? It тАж

. a hammer? It тАж

. a carrot? It тАж

. Mars? It тАж

. a trumpet? It тАж

. a pear? It тАж. Write sentences from the words in brackets ( ). Write a or an where necessary.

1.(I bought newspaper) I bought a newspaper.

2.(We went to party last night) We went тАж

.(My brother is artist) тАж

.(It is beautiful day today) тАж

.(I ate sandwich and apple) тАж

.(Britain is industrial country) тАж

.(I had bath this morning) тАж

.(Barbara works in office) тАж

.(It is very difficult question) тАж

. (We stayed at expansive hotel) тАж can be countable and uncountable. Countable nouns - you can count them (cars, bags, flowers, hats, тАж). Uncountable nouns - you can not count them (water, rain, air, rice, salt, тАж).can not say one, two, three + uncountable nouns.nouns have only one form.

-I have got some money.

-There is not much money in the box.

Money is not everything.not use a/an + uncountable nouns.you can say a piece of тАж/ a bottle of тАж etc. + uncountable nouns:piece of cheese a piece of music a glass of waterbowl of rice a cup of coffee a bottle of milkgame of tennis a can of oil a bar of chocolate. There are some words. Some of them are countable and some are uncountable. Write a/an if

necessary.sand toothpaste money salt toothbrushtea credit card hat soup umbrella

1.salt

2.an umbrella

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж. Some of these sentences need a/an . Some of the sentences are right. Put in a/an where necessary.

1.I have not got car. a car

2.Salt is not expensive. Ok

.Ann never wears hat. тАж

.Are you looking for job? тАж

.Mary does not eat meat. тАж

.I am going to party tonight. тАж

.Do you like cheese? тАж

.Do you want cup of coffee? тАж

.I never drink milk. тАж

.Britain is island. тАж

.Jack made very bad mistake. тАж

.Everybody needs food. тАж

.Can you drive car? тАж

. I have got very good idea. тАж/an + singular countable nouns (car, apple, shoe etc.):

-I need a new car.

-Would you like an apple?+ plural countable nouns (cars, apples, shoes etc.):

-I need some new shoes.

-Would you like some apples?+ uncountable nouns (water, money, music etc.):

-I need some money.

-Would you like some cheese?a/an and some:

-She bought a hat, some shoes and some perfume.

-I read a newspaper, wrote some letters and listened to some music.nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. For example:cake some cakes some cake or a piece of cakechicken some chickens some chicken or a piece of chickencareful with these words - they are usually uncountable in English:weather information advice hair furniture paper news

-I am going to buy some bread (or a loaf of bread).

-It is nice weather today.

I need some information about hotels in London.

She has got long hair.. Write sentences with Would you like a/an тАж? or Would you like some тАж? using these words:coffee cigarettes bread chocolate sweets

1.Would you like some cheese?

2.Would you like тАж

.Would тАж

.тАж

.тАж

.тАж. Put in a/an or some.

1.I read a newspaper, wrote some letters, and listened to some music.

2.I need тАж money. I want to buy тАж food.

.We met interesting people at the party.

.She did not eat much for lunch - only тАж apple and тАж bread.

.We live in тАж big house. There is тАж nice garden with тАж beautiful trees.

.I am going to make тАж table. First, I need тАж wood.

.We talked to her and she gave us тАж very good advice.

.I want to write тАж letter. I need тАж pen and тАж paper.

.We had тАж nice weather when we were on holiday.

.I am going to open тАж window to get тАж fresh air.

a/an the- They have got a car. (there are many cars and they have got one) - I am writing a letter. (there are many letters and I am writing one) - When we were in London, we stayed at a small hotel. (there are many small hotels in Lo