English football lexis and its influence on Russian
Дипломная работа - Иностранные языки
Другие дипломы по предмету Иностранные языки
ward means тАЮtowards a place or position that is in front. Its very likely that this word is an element of calque from German where instead of forward the word Stunner was created. It can be translated as storming, or the person who storm. This fact makes the origin of this position clearer.conclude, as we see according to these examples many of Russian words that used for describing of the football positions are loan-words from the English. However, they can have Russian analogs of the words.
.3 The formation of the English football clubs nicknames
Most of the football clubs in the English League have nicknames. These are sometimes used in a derisory fashion, but are often used by the fans to confirm their collective identity as followers of the club.informal names can reveal information about the clubs themselves, but also help to show how the sport itself was funded and developed in its infancy. They can range from the exotic to the mundane.to its origin football nicknames can be divided on several groups.club nicknames of the first group are based on the dominant colour of the football kit.colour of the football strip can lead to a name, such as Watford being known as The Hornets/Шершни or Weymouth being called The Terras/Террарс due to their terracotta coloured shirts.other examples:
Birmingham City - Blues/Синиеthe club was formed as Small Heath Alliance they decided the club would play in a dark blue shirt. The club would stick with these colors and the nickname Blues was born.
Blackpool -Tangerines/Мандариныrelates to the colour of the clubs home kit. The club picked up the colours after been impressed when a club official saw a Netherlands side play.
Liverpool - The Reds/Красныеnickname which doesnt take two much explanation. When Liverpool adopted the citys colour of red as the colour of their strip, the nickname of the Reds simply followed on.
Manchester City -The Blues/ГолубыеBlues has obvious connections with the clubs home colours.
Tottenham Hotspur - Lilywhites/Лилово-белыеsimply comes from the colour of Tottenhams home shirt.
Birmingham City -Blues/Cиниеof home football kit
Animal nicknames
In some cases the nickname refers to the animal that is colored as the football kit.
Newcastle United - Magpies/Сорокиname Magpies originates from the clubs iconic black and white striped kit.
Barnet - Bees/Пчелыon the striped home kit.
Hull City -Tigers/ Тигрыof the amber and black home strip
Norwich City- Canaries/ Канарейкиcanaries was a popular pastime in the area during the early 20th century. The club adopted it's yellow strip because of the nickname., animal nicknames were given not only due to the coincidence of the colour. Sometimes there is no any connection with it. The origin of nicknames is based on local legends or some other facts.
Sunderland - The Black Cats/ Черные коты1997 when Sunderland moved to the Stadium of Light the clubs supporters were also given the opportunity to vote on the clubs official nickname. With 11,000 votes the club announced their official nickname as The Black Cats. The historical link with black cats goes way back to the 1800s with a River Weir artillery base named Black Cat Battery. This name reportedly developed after a member of the local militia who was manning the station fled after thinking a black cat was a devil incarnate because of the howling wind and full moon at the time.track to 1905 and a black cat was pictured sitting on a football next to the club chairman at the time, and three years later a black cat would appear in the clubs team photo. The fans believed that the animal brought them good luck and in 1937 Sunderland fan Billy Morris took a black cat to Wembley in his pocket, Sunderland would win their first FA Cup trophy that year. The connection grew even further in the 1960s when a black cat lived at Sunderlands Roker Park ground and was cared for by the club. [10, 155]
Wolverhampton Wanderers - Wolves/ Волкиthe most unimaginative nickname out of the bunch, but the most commonly used. Most football fans will know the Midlands club as Wolves, and there is no prize guessing why.
Millwall - Lions/ Львыthe nickname after being referred to as lions, due to their FA Cup giant killing exploits in 1900.
Leicester City - Foxes/ Лисыto Leicestershire's hunting tradition.
Sheffield Wednesday - Owls/ Совыon the name of the area in which the club is based (Owlerton).
Work-Related Nicknames
Many English football clubs were founded in the end of the XIX century at the factories. Its turned out that football wasnt an expensive activity. So, thats why the majority of workers played it in their spare time. The names of football clubs that were formed on the factory floor were directly connected with the professional sphere.
Arsenals official name comes from the same source as its nickname The Gunners/Каннониры. The club was formed in 1886 by workers at the Woolwich Arsenal Armament Factory, originally under the name Dial Square. However, they soon changed their name to Royal Arsenal and to Woolwich Arsenal when the club turned professional in 1891. [4, 3]
West Ham - Hammers/ МолотобойцыHams nickname originates from the Thames Ironwork Football Club, a team from which they developed. The West Ham crest features two crossed rivet hammers and the club has been known has the Hammers ever since
Stoke City - Potters/Гончарыfairly straightforward nickname that originates from the large connection with the pottery industry in North Staffordshire
Yeovil Town - Glovers/Гловерсwas a centre of the glove making industry during the 1800's.
Scunthorpe United -Iron/Айронis the UK's largest steel processing centre.
Sheffield United -Blades/Клинкиhas been a major centre for steel production and cutlery manufacture since the 18th century.
Patronage
As with many clubs, there is more than one story suggesting the origin of AFC Bournemouths nickname The Cherries/Черриз. The side wore cherry red striped shirts, and they would not be the only team in the league to have their nickname taken from their team strip (such as Manchester City being known as the Sky Blues).more likely, however, is the theory that the nickname comes from a source of power and money early in the twentieth century. The clubs first ground, Dean Court, was named after Mr J E Cooper-Dean who was the clubs benefactor. The ground was built next to Mr Cooper-Deans estate on which grew a number of cherry orchards.tradition of giving a name related to patronage has continued to recent times, as illustrated by Chelseas nickname of Chelski following its purchase by Roman Abramovich.
Manchester United - The Red Devils/ Красные дьяволыfew conflicting stories describe the Red Devils nickname. One rumor suggests that during a tour of France in the 1960s the club were branded the Red Devils due to their red kit and Sir Matt Busby liked the name so much he asked for the club to incorporate a devil in the badge. Another story suggests it stems from local rugby Salford. The rugby club were nicknamed the Red Devils and with United formally training in Salford the nickname transferred over. [5, 123]a persons comments or actions can be responsible for a clubs name. For example, Peterborough United is known as The Posh/Пош. Before the club was formed, there was another local team, Fletton United, who used the ground at London Road. The player manager, Pat Tyrell, said that he wanted posh players for a posh team and the name stuck.
Local Quirks
Many clubs take their names from local historical emblems, such as Derby County (The Rams/Бараны) or Leicester City (The Foxes/Лисы). Others gained their nickname from their location, such as Reading (The Royals/Роялс, Придворные) being situated in the Royal County of Berkshire.Everton, the clubs informal name of the The Toffees/Ириски appears to have uniquely local connections, but again history has blurred the origins of the story and three popular versions of events survive.was a city with a large population of Irish immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century, and toffee was a local term for Irishmen.was a property near the ground called Ye Ancient Everton Toffee House which may have lead to the nickname.local seller of sweets and toffees sold her wares on match days near Goodison Park.
Fulham - Cottagers/Дачникиnickname originates from the famous cottage which is an iconic part of Fulhams Craven Cottage ground.
Charlton Athletic - Addicks/Эддиксof the word 'haddocks', named after a local fishmonger.
Blackpool - Seasiders/Приморцыterm Seasiders relates to the popularity of the town as a tourist resort on the North West coast.
Manchester City - Citizens/Горожанеnot the most fascinating story behind this nickname, the name Citizens has simply evolved from the term City.
Newcastle United - Toon/Горожанеpronunciation of 'Town', meaning City Centre where the ground is situated
Other OriginsRovers - Rovers/Бродягиnot the most imaginable nickname. Rovers is a common team name for a side which is willing to travel distances for victory. Logically fans shortened the clubs name to Rovers.
Aston Villa - Villans/