Comparative Analysis of Word Building in Prose and Poetry on the basis of E.A. Poe's works
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For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsthe beautiful [19.185]
Beam (n) - to beam (v) the word is turned into verb and took the meaning to appear through something.
the startled ear of nightthey scream out their affright! [19, 74]
Scream (n) - to scream (v) the noun is conversed into the verb and denotes the action in which someone is involved in the process of making the noise.
Streams up the turrets silently-up the pinnacles far and free [19.134]
Stream (n) - to stream (v); Gleam (n) - to gleam (v) the noun are converted into the verbs and they turned the natural phenomenon into the actions.
With its Phantom chased for evermore,a crowd that hammers it not [19.247]
(n) - to hammer (v) in this case of conversion the word express the action done with the noun as instrument. It can be exemplified with hammer (to hit a nail by means of a hammer).
visions of the dark nighthave dreamed of joy departed[19.259]
Dream (n) - to dream (v) the noun is converted into the verb and it denotes the act of being asleep or the process of dreaming.
Where an Eidolon, named NIGHT,a black throne reigns upright [19, 74]
(n) - to reign (v) this abstract noun is turned into verb denoting the process of being enthroned.
Ah, let us mourn! - For never morrowdawn upon him desolate? [19,215]
Mourn (n) - to mourn (v) the noun is conversed into the verb and denotes the action in which someone is involved in the process of grieves.the queen of the angels
To shield me from harm [19,215]
Shield (n) - to shield (v) the word is turned into verb and took the meaning to protect from something.
The examples from E.A. Poes proseNegros canned apples. [19,134]
Can (n) - to can (v) it stands for to put in/on something the nouns are usually locative nouns denoting a place, a container or a specified location and can be paraphrased as The workers put apples in cans.
They sheltered the orphans. [21.248]
Shelter (n) - to shelter (v) To give something, to provide something It can be paraphrased as They gave shelter to the orphans.
William weeded the garden [20.143]
Weed (n) - to weed (v) To deprive of something or to remove the object denoted by the noun from something It can be paraphrased as He cut off weeds in the garden.
She mothered the orphan [20, 24]
Mother (n) - to mother (v) To be / act as something with respect to … It can be paraphrased as She looked after the orphan like a mother.
Will you please mail the parcel? [18.247]
Mail (n) - to mail (v) To send / go by something It can be paraphrased as Will you please send the parcel by mail? [19,143]summered in Qingdao. [21.202]
Summer (n) - to summer (v) To spend the period of time denoted by something (We spent summer in Qingdao.)) Verb- noun conversion
Conversion from verb to noun is also quite common. Nouns converted from verbs are not as numerous as verbs converted from nouns, because the English speaking people are inclined to employ derivation by means of deverbal suffixes (as in arrangement from arrange, ratification from ratify and the numerous noun-formations in -ing ) or to employ a ready-made synonym from borrowed words (as to climb, ascent; to scatter, dissemination)examples from E.A. Poes poetry
The curtain, a funeral pall,down with the rush of a storm [19.215]
rush (v) - rush (n) the meaning of the verb is shifted and instead of action it denotes the numinalizated name of this process
The tremble of a living wirethose unusual strings [19.217]
To tremble (v) - tremble (n) in this case of conversion the word expresses the effect done with the noun as biological process.
A walkway for the queenliest dead that ever died so young-dirge for her the doubly dead in that she died so young. [19, 97]
To dirge (v) - dirge (n) the verb denoting the act of church ceremony is shifted to the noun reflected its matter.I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrowmy books surcease of sorrow- sorrow for the lost Lenore- [19, 96]
surcease (v) - surcease (n) the verb is conversed to show the matter of the action.examples from E.A. Poes poetry
A few days ago in Baltimore, Ms. Burns was in her apartment in the middle of a high- rise in the middle of everywhere in place. [21, 213]
To rise (v) - rise (n) this verb can also be nominalised, like in turn (where to turn)
This election had been the most emotionally draining experience of my life. [21, 234]
To experience (v) - experience (n) the noun coming from verbs can express state of mind or state of sensation
More than half of the incidents were involved loss of consciousness or a heart attack. [20, 151]
To attack (v) - attack (n) the noun coming from the verb can express state of mind or state of sensation.
Noah will be living proof that one animal is able to carry, and give birth to, a healthy animal that is the clone of a completely different species. [19, 217]
To clone (v) - clone (n) In this case the noun refers to the subject of the original verb.) Adjective - noun conversion- noun conversion is classified into two groups: partial conversion and complete conversion. Partial conversion: Some adjective are used as nouns when preceded by the definite article such as the poor, the wounded; yet these converted nouns take on only some of the feature of the noun; i.e. they do not take plural and genitive inflections, nor can they be preceded by determiners like a, this, my, etc. early (n. - adv.).examples from E.A. Poes poetry
A void within the filmy Heavenwaves have now a redder glow [19, 31]
Void (adj.) - void (n)
I feel it more than half a crime,Nature sleeps and stars are mute [19, 54]
(adj.) - mute (n)
From their high thrones in the Heavenlight like hope to mortals given [19, 55]
(adj.) - mortal (n)
But their red orbs, without beam,thy weariness shall seem [19, 108]
(adj.) - orb (n)examples from E.A. Poes prose
From one direction comes the rich smell of frying bread, from another the aroma of boiled pork dumplings and from yet another fermented or "smelly" bean curd, a Chinese favorite. [20, 65]
Favorite (adj.) - favorite (n) - is the case of nominalization which occurs when the noun is elided and the adjective is widely used as a synonym of an existing set pattern.
We have to assume the worst. [21, 45]
The worst (adj.) - worst (n) this adjective can still be changed to the comparative and superlative form (adjective nature).
Weve got some older fans now, but the more the merrier-everyones welcome! [19, 178]
More (adj.) - more (n) - these adjective and noun cannot have any inflections if their number or case is changed, they will produce ungrammatical sentences.process of Conversion is mostly peculiar to E.A. Poes poetry because of the necessity to state a poetical thought in a limited number of syllables. Due to Conversion one can contain the sense of a whole phrase into a single word. In the most of the cases to distinguish the type of Conversion which was used is obviously impossible because of the basic form of nouns and verbs are identical in many cases. Conversion from verb to noun is the most typical aspect of this word formational process in the case of E. Poes prose and poetry. The others are not frequently occur in his literally works due to the period when they were created (Conversion is more peculiar to the Modern Literature.)
2.3 Abbreviation
An abbreviation is a short way of writing a word or a phrase that could also be written out in full. Abbreviations are very rarely used in formal writing of E. Poe. Almost the only ones which are frequently used are the abbreviations for certain common titles, when these are used with someones name: Mr Willis, Dr Livingstone, Mrs Thatcher, Ms Harmon, St Joan. (Note that the two items Mrs and Ms are conventionally treated as abbreviations, even though they can be written in no other way.) When writing about a French or Spanish person, you may use the abbreviations for the French and Spanish equivalents of the English titles: M. Mitterrand, Sr. Gonzlez. (These are the usual French and Spanish abbreviations for Monsieur and Seor [], equivalent to English Mister.)
Other titles are sometimes abbreviated in the same way: Prof. Chomsky, Sgt. Yorke, and Mgr. Lindemann []. Howe