Учебное пособие Иркутск 2006 Рецензент
| Вид материала | Учебное пособие |
| 11.3. Translate into Russian the following word combinations 11.4. Answer the questions 11.5. Find the following word combinations in the text fluctuation – колебание |
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11.3. Translate into Russian the following word combinations:
1. Europe’s aristocrats
2. Brazil’s diamonds
3. cutting design
4. industrial rich
5. ancient culture
6. wide price range
7. for domestic use
8. older metal techniques
9. famous gem-cutting center
10. acrylic plastic
11.4. Answer the questions:
1. For whom were reserved diamonds till the eighteen century?
2. What type of diamond jewelries was developed in Europe?
3. What gem properties were cutted diamonds displayed?
4. When was design of jewelry become to develop?
5. What trends in design of jewelry were used in the eighteenth century?
6. Is there diamond jewelry for domestic use today?
11.5. Find the following word combinations in the text:
1) известные формы ювелирных изделий;
2) бриллианты – первые среди ювелирных камней;
3) черпать вдохновение из античной культуры;
4) показное выставление чрезмерного количества украшений;
5) захватывающие новые идеи ювелирных украшений.
Text 2.
New colored stone cuts
Fluctuations in the diamond market brought a new focus in jewelry on small diamonds and colored stones. The large quantities of blue topaz, amethyst, and citrine available made these gem materials especially popular. Cultured pearls saw a phenomenal rise. A broad mix of design trends included a return to older metal techniques such as granulation, as well as experimentation in new metals and metalworking techniques. While classical European houses were credited with some important new designs, exciting innovations emerged from elsewhere in Europe as well as in Asia and the U.S.
A variety of new cuts for colored stones became popular. The gems, usually transparent, are cut with a free-form outline and given a number of indented, grooved facets, which provide visual texture and interest. Munsteiner, raised in the famous gem-cutting center of Idar-Oberstein, has also been credited with developing the “negative cut” (a cabochon crown with a carved or faceted pavilion). Many other gem-cutting artists have followed Munsteiner’s lead and have developed their own styles and techniques.
Cabochon-cut stones were used more frequently in jewelry. New variations appeared, with names evocative of their shapes: bullets, tongues, sugarloafs, and bufftop baguettes. Cabochon-cut rubies, emeralds, and sapphires, also became very popular. A number of jewelry manufacturers worked directly with cutters to create custom-cut gems to suit a specific design.
Дополнительный словарь:
fluctuation – колебание | indent – зазубрина, отступ |
| outline – очертание | groove – прорез, канавка |
| broad – широкий | lead – инициатива, пример |
| to credit – приписывать sugarloaf – сахарная голова | evocative – восстанавливающий память |
| exciting – захватывающий | bullet – ядро |
| elsewhere – где-нибудь, везде | tongue – шип, язык |
| cultured pearl – культивированный жемчуг | to suit – соответствовать, удовлетворять |