Geum.ru

Г. Н. Застенкер Институт космических исследований ран одним из самых «геоэффективных»

Вид материалаДокументы

Содержание


A 1.3- (trans) year in the oxygen production of a eukaryotic unicell
Acetabularia acetabulum
Подобный материал:
1   ...   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   ...   24

A 1.3- (trans) year in the oxygen production of a eukaryotic unicell


D.C. Hillman*, G. Cornélissen*, G.S. Katinas*, S. Berger•, S. Chibisov‡, F. Halberg*

*University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;

•Max-Planck-Institute of Cell Biology, Ladenburg bei Heidelberg, Germany;

‡Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia


In time series consisting of separate data sets obtained in light and darkness alternating at 12-h intervals, we document a spectral component with point-and-interval estimates both longer than 1 and shorter than 2 years, called "transyears".

Background. Acetabularia acetabulum is extensively used for the study of biological clocks (1). It also has a very prominent circaseptan rhythm (2) that, in the electrical potential of algae released into continuous light after prior standardization in light and darkness alternating at 12-h intervals, exceeded the amplitude of a circadian rhythm (3). A circadecadal (about 10-year) rhythm was detected in this alga. Adding to this spectrum, which includes prominent non-photic cycles, is the transyear, tested herein after the discovery by John D. Richardson of a 1.3-year cycle in the solar wind (the particles ejected from the sun's surface into and through interplanetary space) (4) and the follow-up report on alternations between 1.3 and 1.6 years (5).

Materials and methods. The time series collected on the direction of Hans-Georg Schweiger were first organized by Sigrid Berger and Lübbo von Lindern (6) and made into a computer-manageable data base by the senior author. They are here analyzed by cosinor to obtain circadian parameters that were analyzed by linear-nonlinear least-squares rhythmometry as a pool of each parameter separately.

Results. Table 1 documents the findings with transyears given in bold. The transyearly amplitude is substantially larger than the amplitude found at a period of precisely one year.

Table 1: Unseen solar wind competes with and sometimes dominates over the season

Greater prominence of the largely invisible signature of the solar wind's transyear(s) than the impact of the seasons*
--------------------- Transyear -------------------------



------ Transyear/year A ratios –----–

Parameter
Period (y) [95% CI]
Amplitude (A) [95% CI]
1-y A
A(1.3y)NL/A(1.0y)
A(1.3y)F/A(1.0y)

MESOR
1.298 (1.188, 1.408)
0.051 (-0.02, 0.12)
0.024
2.125
2.125

24-h A
1.681 (1.587, 1.774)
0.063 (0.02, 0.11)
0.012
5.250
1.154

24-h relative A
1.116 (1.066, 1.166)
0.084 (0.02, 0.15)
0.040
2.100
0.375

24-h acrophase
1.311 (1.260, 1.363)
0.013 (0.00, 0.02)
0.011
1.182
1.182

*In 14 years of experiments on oxygen evolution by Acetabularia. 297 algae kept in LD12:12 each contributed up to a week's around-the-clock data on oxygen production. 24-h relative amplitude expressed as % of the corresponding MESOR. The latter analysis provided the point-and-interval estimates for period and amplitude and underlies the amplitude ratios (in bold). The linear estimates at a trial period of precisely 1.3 years (in italics) are also shown, but the transyear is defined as one or several spectral peaks, each showing a 95% confidence interval lying between (and not overlapping) 1 and 2 years. Before using the 24-h acrophase as input for the succeeding least-squares analysis, it> 1.0) is emphasized, in keeping with the result of a linear-nonlinear analysis.

Discussion. As in the human body's circulation, a unicell that has been tracked to have been on earth around 500 million years ago shows an aspect of its physiology, which corresponds to the invisible (to the human eye) solar wind rather than to the alternation of seasons.

1. Schweiger H-G. In: Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, hrsg. Mannheimer Forum 84/85. Mannheim: Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, 1984: 115-171. · 2. Schweiger H-G, Berger S, Kretschmer H, Mörler H, Halberg E, Sothern RB, Halberg F. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 8619-8623. · 3. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Mitsutake G, Katinas G, Schwartzkopff O. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2001; 22: 58-73. 4. Richardson JD, Paularena KI, Belcher JW, Lazarus AJ. Solar wind oscillations with a 1.3-year period. Geophys Res Lett 1994; 21: 1559-1560. · 5. Mursula K, Zieger B. Geophys Res Lett 1998; 25: 1851-1854. · 6. Lindern Lv (compiler). Endogenous circadian rhythms in Acetabularia acetabulum: a complete collection of electronically registered and digitally stored data. Max-Planck-Institute for Cell Biology 1980-1994. March 2003, www.mpizb-ldb.mpg.de.