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781. The Italian Renaissance (1420-1600)
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In the arts and sciences as well as society and government, Italy was the major catalyst for progress during the Renaissance: the rich period of development that occurred in Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. Because of the number of different fields in which it applied, ``Renaissance'' is a word with many layers of meaning. Accordingly, Renaissance painting cannot signify any one common or clearly definable style. As Gothic painting had been shaped by the feudal societies of the Middle Ages, with its roots in the Romanesque and Byzantine traditions, Renaissance art was born out of a new, rapidly evolving civilization. It marked the point of departure from the medieval to the modern world and, as such, laid the foundations for modern Western values and society.
782. The Kremlin
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Within the Kremlin walls is one of the most striking and beautiful architectural ensembles in the world: a combination of churches and palaces, which are open to the public and are among the city's most popular tourist attractions, and the highest offices of the state, which are surrounded by strict security. Around the central Cathedral Square (Sobornaya Ploshchad) are grouped three magnificent cathedrals, superb examples of Russian church architecture at its height in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These and the other churches in the Kremlin ceased functioning as places of worship after the Revolution and are now museums. The white stone Cathedral of the Assumption (Uspensky Sobor) is the oldest, built in 1475-79 in the Italianate-Byzantine style. Its pure, simple, and beautifully proportioned lines and elegant arches are crowned by five golden domes. The Orthodox metropolitans and patriarchs of the 14th to the 18th century are buried there. Across the square is the Cathedral of the Annunciation (Blagoveshchensky Sobor), built in 1484-89 by craftsmen from Pskov; though burned in 1547, it was rebuilt in 1562-64. Its cluster of chapels is topped by golden roofs and domes. Inside are a number of early 15th-century icons attributed to Theophanes the Greek and to Andrey Rublyov, considered by many to be the greatest of all Russian icon painters. The third cathedral, the Archangel (Arkhangelsky), was rebuilt in 1505-08; in it are buried the princes of Moscow and tsars of Russia (except Boris Godunov) up to the founding of St. Petersburg.
783. The lesson of English
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And soon the lesson begins... We usually start it by pronouncing different words and sounds. Then we are usually invited to the blackboard by the teacher and Oksana Victorovna asks us the words we were to teach by heart. After that we usually do some exercises from the text-book. These exercises teach us to ask questions, or how to make negative sentences and so on. Then, having got our exercise-books for tests, we usually write spelling, two tests and a quiz. During the lesson we speak mostly English, but sometimes, when the students dont understand the teacher or the task in the text-book, we start speaking Russian.
784. The library of our institute
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Soon I had to visit our library the first time as I needed a text book on economics. I went downstairs (as library is situated in the ground floor) and found a room I was searching for. But I didnt get the immediately as it was many students. So I waited for my turn. I asked to a librarian if I could get the book on economical theory. She answered affirmatively and soon brought me a book which name was “Modern economics”. Than the librarian asked me if it was for the first time I used the librarys services. I answered that it was true, and she suggest me to receive readers ticket. I was interested to know what documents I had to provide for this. She told that she needed only my photo 3x4 cm and some money. Fortunately, I had picture with myself and two minutes later I was the owner of readers ticket, which proves that I am a real member of the university library.
785. The magnificent seven
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786. The main fault of The 70s or the years of “might-have-been hopes”
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First of all, I would like to say that at the first stages the two countries rubbed shoulders with each other. But then, at a certain stage the USSR was sadly mistaken having copied the IBM-360 out of date technology. Estimating the discussion of possible ways of the computer technique development in the former USSR in late 1960s - early 1970s from the today point of work it can be noticed that we have chosen a worse if not the worst one. The only progressive way was to base on our domestic researches and to collaborate with the west-European companies in working out the new generation of machines. Thus we would reach the world level of production, and we would have a real base for the further development together with leading European companies.
787. The making of the collection
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A feature characteristic of the 18th century accusations was the purchase of large groups of paintings, sometimes of complete galleries, bought en blok at the sales in Western Europe.Count Bruhls collection acquired in Dresden in 1769, the Gallery of Crozat, bought in Paris in 1772 and the gallery of Lord Walpole acquired in London in 1779 were the most prominent among the acquisitions made in the 18th century. Together with numerous purchases of individual pictures, they supplied the museum with most outstanding canvases of the European school ,including those by Rembraandt,Rubens,Van Dyck and other eminent artists, and made the Hermitage rank among the finest art galleries of Europe. Works , commissioned by the Russian court from European painters also enriched the Picture gallery.By 1785 the Museum numbered 2658 paintings. Prints and drawings, cameos, coins and medals were likewise represented at the Hermitage.
788. The map of England
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Great Britain is a highly developed industrial power. The main industrial regions are in the north and west of the country where the main deposits of coal are to be found. The oldest centre of heavy industry is the region of Birmingham and Sheffield known as the Black Country. The Black Country is also the main centre of armaments production. Two main textile regions are situated to the west and east of the Pennines.
789. The mathematical sciences
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The dramatic changes in the mathematical sciences of the last quarter century are largely invisible to those outside the small community of research mathematicians. Today's mathematical sciences, like yesterday's Gaul, can be divided into three parts of roughly comparable size: statistical science, core mathematics, and applied mathematics. Each of these three major areas is led (in the United States) by a few thousand active researches and receives approximately $50 million in federal research support annually. Although the boundaries between these parts overlap considerably, each province has an identifiable character paradigm established by Newton: data, deduction, and observation.
790. The Medieval Tower: A refuge and a base for royal power
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By the mid 1230s, Henry III had run into trouble with his barons and opposition flared up in both 1236 and in 1238. On both occasions the King fled to the Tower of London. But as he sheltered in the castle in March 1238 the weakness of the Tower must have been brought home to him; the defences to the eastern, western and northern sides consisted only of an empty moat, stretches of patched-up and strengthened Roman wall and a few lengths of wall built by Longchamp in the previous century. That year, therefore, saw the launch of Henrys most ambitious building programme at the Tower, the construction of a great new curtain wall round the east, north and west sides of the castle at a cost of over Ј5,000. The new wall doubled the area covered by the fortress, enclosing the neighbouring church of St Peter ad Vincula. It was surrounded by a moat, this time successfully flooded by a Flemish engineer, John Le Fosser. The wall was reinforced by nine new towers, the strongest at the corners (the Salt, Martin and Devereux). Of these all but two (the Flint and Brick) are much as originally built. This massive extension to the Tower was worked with extreme suspicion and hostility by the people of London, who rightly recognised it as a further assertion of royal authority. A contemporary writer reports their delight when a section of newly-built wall and a gateway on the site of the Beauchamp Tower collapsed, events they attributed to their own guardian saint, Thomas а Becket. Archaeological excavation between 1995 and 1997 revealed the remains of one of these collasped buildings.
791. The National Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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The immediate predecessors of the Emblem were the clan and family property signs flags, borders, the marks of Slavs and tamgas of Turks and Mongolians. Tamga was a tribal emblem with which the stones at the frontiers of the tribal lands were marked, similar to the state emblem placed on the boundary posts nowadays (Olzhas Suleymenov). In the third century B.C. the Shumer states emblem already existed an eagle with a lions head. Some other emblems are well-known too, like the snake of Egypt or the eagle of Persia (later Rome ). The emblem of Byzantium later adopted by Russia was a double-headed eagle. The emblems of the cities, existing till today, appeared in the Middle Ages: the red lily of Florence , the winged lion of Venice , the boat of Paris and the cross and sword of London .
792. The notion of the agreement of the purchase and sale According to art
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Properly the transmission of the goods to the purchaser represents the execution of agreement prisoners and come into force of the purchase- sale of the side of the seller. Of agreement kept and come into force of the purchase- sale on the side of the sellor. That is why in cases where the instant of the intrance of agreement coincides thith the real transmission of the goods it is possible to speak about the special order of the conclusion of the agreement of the purchase- sale and that it is carried out at the time of conclusion bat not in the real character of agreement/ For example, the purchase- sale of detail shop window in the place of sale ( on bars, in faces and etc.) the goods, their demonstration is model on the conferment of information of the goods sold in the place of their sale will confess public gives; the agreement of the purchase- sale of detail, according to the complete rule, is considered to be the prisoner from the instant of distribution to the purchase sale of detail, according to the complete rule, is considered to be the prisoner from the instant of distribution to the purchaser of case or of goods the cheque or another document, the goods confirming the payment ( art. 493, art. 2 of art. 494 Civil codes).
793. The Old Indian Civilization
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The following represents a selection of the questions and answers that passed between the Spirit and Youdhishthira:
1. “What is greater than Earth? What is higher than heaven?” “Mother is greater than Earth; father is higher than heaven.”
2. “In what one thing is all dharma summed up? What single thing constitutes all fame? What sole means takes one to heaven?” “Skill in the discharge of ones duties sums up all dharma; giving sums up all fame; truthfulness is the sole road to heaven and good conduct is the one means to happiness”.
3. “What is the foremost wealth?” “Learning”.
4. “What is the best gain?” “Health”.
5. “What is the supreme happiness?” “Contentment”.
6. “What is superior to all other dharmas in the world?” “Benevolence”
7. “Whose control leads to absence of sorrow?” “The control of mind”.
8. “Which friendship ages not?” “That with good souls”.
9. “By abandoning what thing does man become rich?” “Desire”.
10. “By giving up what, does one become happy?” “Avarice”.
11. “What is penance?” “Penance is the observance of ones own obtained duty.”
12. “What is self control?” “Control of the mind”.
13. “What is forbearance?” “Putting up with opposites”. (pleasure and pain, profit and loss)
14. “What is shame?” “Aversion to do reprehensible act is shame”.
15. “What is straight forwardness?” “Equanimity”.
16. “Who is the enemy hard to be won?” “Anger”.
17. “What is the endless disease?” “Avarice”.
18. “Who is said to be a good man?” “He who is benevolent to all things”.
19. “Who is a bad man?” “He who is barren of sympathy”.
20. “What is the best path?” “To cast away all mental dirt”.
21. “What is gift?” “Protection of life”.
22. “What is the wonder of the world?” “Every day live beings enter the abode of death; those who remain think that they will survive; what greater wonder is there than this?”
23. “What is the news of the world?” “With Earth as the pot, the firmament as the covering lid, the sun as the fire, day and nights as faggots and the seasons and months as the stirring ladle. Time cooks all beings; this is the great news”.
794. The Palermo Stone an Related Fragments
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It is not certain that all seven known pieces derive from the same original, as all fragments were found on the antiquities market. Only one small Cairo fragment seems to have been traced to Memphis, but some other fragments are believed to have originated in Middle Egypt. The differences in thickness of the fragments, may also be an indication that there were several originals, but thusfar, none of the fragments contains a partial or full copy of one or more of the other fragments.
795. The political role of Great Britain in modern world
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Being an American ally, England has become a reliable Fifth Column in the European Union. The British government has been trying its best to prevent Europe from unifying processes, once protesting against founding European Central Bank and the singe European currency “euro” and attempting together with the US to quarrel the European states with one another and to direct their aggression against the third one like Yugoslavia. Due to its pro American foreign policy, Great Britain has become the second leader of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. right now the U.K. and the US are at the head of all NATOs military operations, like “The Shield of the desert”, “The Storm in the desert”, in 1991, “The Fox in the desert” in 1998 and the anti Yugoslavian aggression in 1999. Speaking about the NATOs last campaign, the U.K. and the US destabilized an ethnic situation in Europe, because during the NATOs bombardments tens and thousands of thousands of Albanian refugees poured into Germany, Albania and some other countries. That needs no saying, the Albanians from Kosovo and Methokia complicated the social political situation in these states. Its result was the criminal increase and the growth of unemployment among the immigrants.
796. The political system of Great Britain
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The Queen is only a formal ruler: she reigns but does not rule. In fact everything that she does is done on the active of her ministers, who are responsible for the royal acts. Thus, most of her functions are symbolic. The United Kingdom is governed by Her majestys Government in the name of the Queen. But the Queen has all information, has the right to encourage and the right to warn. The Queens residence in London is Buckingham Palace. Besides, she has some homes in England and Scotland.
797. The political system of Ukraine
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Ukrainian radio and television broadcast the meetings of Verkhovna Rada and everybody can learn what problems the deputies solve. Our people usually listen to the meetings of Verkhovna Rada. You can see and listen to radio sets, that are switched on, in many offices, in buses, in kitchens and many other places. They do not speak loudly and the people do their work and listen to the meetings. The leader of the Verkhovna Rada is called “Holova”. He is elected by the deputies. Now the Holova is Alexander Alexandrovich Moroz.
798. The pride of the nation
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Much was done by people to reach the present state of human development. It is necessary to say that great contribution to the development of the world science and culture, literature, music and painting was made by the Russian people. The names of Russian scientists and writers, poets, composers and painters are world-famous-Pushkin, Lermontov, Chehov, Levitan. This chain can be endless. It is almost impossible to name a branch of science in the development of which the Russian scientists havent played the greatest role. Lomonosov, the founder of the Moscow University was an outstanding innovator both in the humanities and sciences. Mendeleevs greatest discovery was the Periodic System of Elements. Popov invented radio. Sechenov and Pavlov were the worlds greatest physiologists. Russia is rightly called the mother of aviation and cosmounatics. Names of Tsiolkovsky, Korolov and Gagarin are symbols of new space era.
799. The Problems of Teen-Ages
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People of almost every age are susceptible to this pernitious disease but it hits the youth the hardest. It's name is unemployment. The persent-age of unemployed youth in the total number of the jobless is high. In many developing countries the situation is more serious. Many young people to commit suside. Unless the economic situation in the world changes, youth unemployment will mount. This prodictions refer to all catigories of workers-with high and low skills in town and country. For all there possible distinctious,these young people over outside the production structure of society. The are deprived the possebility of creting there are "surplus" from time to time some may get a hit of luck, but the lot of the majority is to feel their unlessles to lose their ideals and become disillusioned. Unemployment greatly intemcilicselle tendency among the youth towards, drug education , frastretion and crime. This is a time bomb and is a heavy acusation of any social economic system.
800. The Prodigy
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Pre-Prodigy: Liam Howlett started his musical career as a DJ in a group called Cut To Kill in 1987, but (as far as we know) he worked on only one of their singles, titled Listen to the Basstone. He left the band when they signed a contract that excluded him, and, influenced by house music (later rave) arriving from overseas, became a DJ in Essex. Soon (in the club The Barn) he met Leeroy Thornhill, the two-meter tall James Brown-fan dancer, and ”freelance” traveler Keith Flint, who were the members of the same rave crowd. Then they asked for a tape of Liams DJing and after hearing some of his own tunes, they asked to dance to his music, if he played live. A friend, Ziggy organized a live appearance at a venue called Labyrinth in 1990. The dancers (Keith, Leeroy, and a friend of Keiths, Sharky) and Liam were ready for the gig, but Liam also wanted an MC friends recommended Maxim Reality (Keith ”Keeti” Palmer), who joined them as an MC to better the live shows. The first live Prodigy performance was held in front of 250 people. After the first gig, more followed and the five formed The Prodigy (yes, originally there were 5 members)

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