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Grossman, Gregory (1987), ‘Roots of Gorbachev’s Problems: Private Income and Outlay in the Late 1970s’, in U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, Gorbachev’s Economic Plans, vol. 1, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 213-229.

International Monetary Fund (1994), Economic Review: Financial Relations among Countries of the Former Soviet Union, Washington D.C.: IMF.

Johnson, Simon, Daniel Kaufmann and Andrei Shleifer (1997), ‘The Unofficial Economy in Transition’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 27(2), pp. 159-239.

Kaufmann, Daniel and Aleksander Kaliberda (1996), ‘Integrating the Unofficial Economy into the Dynamics of Post-Socialist Economies: A Framework of Analysis and Evidence’, in Kaminski, Bartlomiej (ed.), Economic Transition in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 81-120.

Keane, Michael P. and Eswar S. Prasad (2000), ‘Inequality, Transers and Growth: New Evidence from the Economic Transition in Poland’, mimeo, paper presented to the First Annual Research Conference of the IMF, Washington, DC, November 9-10.

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Lackу, Mбria (2000), ‘Hidden Economy – an Unknown Quantity’, Economics of Transition, 8(1), pp. 117-149.

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McKinnon, Ronald I. (1991), The Order of Economic Liberalization: Financial Control in the Transition to a Market Economy, Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

McKinsey Global Institute (1999), Unlocking Economic Growth in Russia, Moscow: McKinsey & Company.

Michalopoulos, Constantine and David G. Tarr (1997), ‘The Economics of Customs Union in the Commonwealth of Independent States’, Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 38(3), pp. 125-143.

OECD (2000), Transition at a Glance, Paris: OECD.

Ofer, Gur and Aaron Vinokur (1992), The Soviet Household under the Old Regime. Economic Conditions and Behaviour in the 1970s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Olcott, Martha Brill, Anders Еslund and Sherman Garnett (1999), Getting It Wrong, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Orlowski, Lucjan (1993), ‘Indirect Transfers in Trade among Former Soviet Union Republics: Sources, Patterns and Policy Responses in the Post-Soviet Period’, Europe-Asia Studies, 45(6), pp. 1001-1024.

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Таблица 1

ВВП в постоянных ценах, 1990-1999 гг.

(изменения в % по годам)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999 (оцен.)

Центральная Европа

Польша

-11,6

-7,0

2,6

3,8

5,2

7,0

6,1

6,9

4,8

4,1

Чешская Республика

-1,2

-11,5

-3,3

0,6

2,2

5,9

4,8

-1,0

-2,2

-0,2

Словакия

-2,5

-14,6

-6,5

-3,7

4,9

6,9

6,6

6,1

4,4

1,9

Венгрия

-3,5

-11,9

-3,1

-0,6

2,9

1,5

1,3

4,6

4,9

4,5

Юго-Восточная Европа

Румыния

-5,6

-12,9

-8,8

1,5

3,9

7,1

4,1

-6,6

-5,4

-3,2

Болгария

-9,1

-11,7

-7,3

-1,5

1,8

2,9

-10,1

-7,0

3,5

2,5

Балтия

Эстония

-6,5

-13,6

-14,2

-9,0

-2,0

4,3

3,9

10,6

4,7

-1,4

атвия

2,9

-10,4

-34,9

-14,9

0,6

-0,8

3,3

8,6

3,9

0,1

итва

-5,0

-5,7

-21,3

-16,2

-9,8

3,3

4,7

7,3

5,1

-4,1

СНГ

Россия

-4,0

-5,0

-14,5

-8,7

-12,7

-4,1

-3,5

0,8

-4,6

3,2

Беларусь

-3,0

-1,2

-9,6

-7,6

-12,6

-10,4

2,8

11,4

8,3

3,0

Украина

-3,4

-11,6

-13,7

-14,2

-23,0

-12,2

-10,0

-3,0

-1,7

-0,4

Молдова

-2,4

-17,5

-29,1

-1,2

-31,2

-1,4

-7,8

1,3

-8,6

-4,4

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