Тексты на английском языке

Вид материала

Содержание

The creative impulse (by W. S. Maugham)
The creative impulse - 2
The last leaf (by O. Henry)

Подобный материал:

1 2 3

Pop, Jazz and Country

Of all the cultural influences that have come out of the United States in the 20th century, it's likely that none has been so far-reaching as popular music.

But the sound of jazz and rock and roll and more recently, country music, can be heard on records, tapes, radio and television in the big cities and in the most remote villages of almost every nation on Earth.

What, precisely, is popular music? In the United States this term has acquired a variety of meanings but it refers to the kinds of music enjoyed by a broad public and stands in contrast to the classical music of the Western European tradition.

During the present century, the dominant strain of popular music coexisted with regional pockets of folk music kept alive by the nation's many immigrant groups — Scots, Irish, German, French Canadians, Italians, Jews, Poles, His-panics. Since popular songwriters have always looked for fresh approaches, each of these ethnic music would eventually contribute its flavour to the rich stew of contemporary American music.

As the 20th century progressed, the line between popular and serious music became blurred. George Gershwin, for example, was a popular composer whose music has always been admitted in cultivated circles.

Jazz has always been a music of freedom, and maybe that is why it's been called the most truly American art form. The sense of freedom is inherent in its improvising, in the way each musician defines himself in his own turn, in the feeling that the possibilities are limitless.

In terms of its fountainhead, jazz remains the creation of the black American, but today more than ever the rapid spread of communications has established it as a world-wide art form, one that will be characterized by future generations as the genuine classical music of the 20th century.

The growing international enthusiasm for American country music overseas is an extension of what has happened in the US since 1950s: music that was strictly regional in its appeal has gained currency across the nation.

It was created by the rural people of the Appalachian Mountain region who were by large isolated from the industrial growth and urbanization of much of America. They began with the English and Scottish ballads of their immigrant ancestors and built upon them, often with instruments they made themselves. They sang about the things that touched them most intimately: their poverty, their God, their crops, their families. They found consolation and common ties In the music.

The classic rock 'n' roll of the 1950s with its hard-driving guitar beat, the music of Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry and others, has long since evolved into a profusion of styles.

Today, for example, among the music's myriad subgenres are the black variants, soul music, heavy metal and its opposite, soft rock, country rock, folk rock and rockabilly; the Caribbean influences, and the most recent attempts to recapture rock's rhythmic power, rap music and art rock.

Contemporary American pop-rock music can be shaped into high art for which there is a large and appreciative audience.

^ The creative impulse (by W. S. Maugham)

William Somerset Maugham was born in 1874 After graduating from Heidelberg University he worked at a hospital, but the success of his first novel "Liza of Lambeth" (1897) encouraged him to give up medicine and become a professional writer.

Somerset Maugham is the author of several well-known novels and plays, and a lot of short stories.

He died in 1966 at the age of ninety-two.

When Mrs Forrester's first detective story "The Achilles Statue" was published, she had reached the respectable age of fifty-seven, and the number of her work^ was considerable. Her great talent, however, remained undiscovered by ordinary readers and this was the reason (her books did not sell, though they were highly praised by the critics.

Mrs Forrester was deeply interested in politics and even thought of going into Parliament. Her only difficulty was that she did not know which party to choose.

A lot of people very much wanted to be invited to the parties she gave every Saturday, but only a, few were among her guests.

The only person who spoiled these parties was Mr Albert Forrester, her husband. All her friends considered him a bore and often asked one another how she had ever married him. He was known among them as the Philatelist because a young writer hajj once said that he was collecting stamps.

Albert, I should explain, was an ordinary businessman and not a very rich one. The suits he wore always looked shabby, the expression on his face was gloomy and he never said anything worth listening to. Mrs Forrester, however, was kind to him and always knew how to put to shame anyone who tried to make fun of him in her presence.

The event that had such a great influence on Mrs For-rester's literary activities happened towards the end of one of her most successful parties. The guests sat in a circle of which Mrs Forrester was the centre. She was talking and the rest of the company were listening with great attention, only interrupting her from time to time to ask a question. Suddenly there came a noise as if something heavy had fallen, and then came the sound of voices.

"Well, Carter, what is it?" Mrs Forrester asked the maid. "Is the house falling down?"

"It's the new cook's box, ma'am," answered the maid. "The porter dropped it as he was bringing it in and the cook got all upset about it."

"What do you mean by 'the new cook'?"

"Mrs Bullfinch went away this afternoon, ma'am," said the maid.

"Does Mr Forrester know about it?" Mrs Forrester asked, for matters like that were his responsibility. "The moment Mr Forrester comes in, tell him that I want to speak to him."

"Mr Forrester's gone, ma'am," answered the maid. "He said I was to give you this letter when you asked for him."

The maid left the room, and Mrs Forrester opened the letter. One of her lady friends told me that at the sight of Mrs Forrester reading the letter she thought that Albert, feeling responsible for the cook's departure, and being afraid he would be punished, had thrown himself in the Thames.

Mrs Forrester read the letter and cried out: "Oh, how unfair! How terrible!"

"What is it, Mrs Forrester?" asked Mr Simmons, her agent. "Read it", she said. "Just read it."

The short-sighted Mr Simmons put on his glasses, and holding the letter very close to his eyes read this: 'My Dear,Mrs Bullfinch needs a change and has decided to leave, and as I do not wish to stay on without her I'm going, too. I have had all the literature I can stand and I am sick and tired of art. Mrs Bullfinch does not care about marriage but if you wish to divorce me, she's willing to marry me.

I've hired a new cook instead of Mrs Bullfinch and I hope you will be pleased with her. Mrs Bullfinch and I are living at 411, Kennington Road, S. E. Albert.

The silence that followed was broken by Mr Simmons, who said: "You must get him back."

"I will never see him again as long as I live!" Mrs Forrester cried out. But Mr Simmons continued calmly: "I've been your agent for twenty years, and you can consider me one of your best friends. But if you think you can make your living by writing the sort of books you do, I must tell you that you haven't a chance."

"But I can't fight with my cook for him!" Mrs Forrester cried out.

"I was just coming to that," said Mr Simmons coldly. "A dancer or a lady of title wouldn't do you any harm, but a cook would finish you."

"He's quite right", said one of her guests. "The Philatelist must come back".

"You will go and see him tomorrow, won't you?" asked Mr Simmons. Mrs Forrester didn't answer for some time and finally said:

"For my art's sake, not for mine!"

It was rather late in the afternoon of the next day when Mrs Forrester set out on her journey to Kennington Road. Mr Simmons had explained to her by telephone how to get there, and it did not take her long to find the house she wanted. She rang the bell, and when the door opened, she recognized her cook.

(to be continued)

4. ^ The creative impulse - 2

(continued)

"Good afternoon, Bullfinch," said Mrs Forrester. "I wish to see your master".

Mrs Bullfinch hesitated for a second, then held the door wide open. "Come in, ma'am." She turned her head, "Albert, here's Mrs Forrester to see you."

Mrs Forrester went in quickly and there was Albert sitting by the fire, leaning back in an old armchair and reading the evening paper.

"How are you, my dear?" said Albert cheerfully, putting aside the paper. " Keeping well, I hope?"

"Won't you sit down, ma'am?" said Mrs Bullfinch, pushing a chair forward.

"Could I see you alone, Albert?" Mrs Forrester asked, sitting down.

"I'm afraid noj," Albert answered, "because of Mrs Bullfinch. I think she should be present."

"As you wish."

"Well, my dear, what have you to say to me?" Albert asked.

Mrs Forrester gave him her best smile. "I don't blame you for anything, Albert, I know it isn't your fault and I'm not angry with you, but a joke's a joke and should not be carried too far. I've come to take you home."

"Then I think you're wasting your time, my dear," said Albert. "Nothing will ever make me live with you again."

"Have you noj been happy with me, Albert?" asked Mrs Forrester in a deeper tone, trying not to show that her feelings were hurt.

"We have been married for thirty-five years, my dear. It's a very long time, isn't it? You're a good woman in your own way1, but not suitable for me. You're literary and I'm not. You're artistic and I'm not."

"But all this time I've been doing everything in my power to interest you in art and literature," said Mrs Forrester.

"That's true, and I can only blame myself if I didn't react properly. But I don't like the books you write. And I don't like the people who surround you. Let me tell you a secret, my dear. At your parties I often very much wanted to take off my clothes just to see what would happen."

"Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Albert?" asked Mrs Bullfinch. "You haven't got the right figure for that at all!"

"Mrs Bullfinch wants me to retire," Albert continued. "I discussed the matter with my partners today, and they agree to settle everything nicely. They will buy me out2, and I shall have an income of just under nine hundred pounds. There are three of us, so it gives us nearly three hundred a year each."

"How am I to live on that?" cried Mrs Forrester, using the last argument she could think of.

"You have a wonderful pen, my dear."

"You know very well that my books don't bring me any money. The publishers always say that they lose by them."

And just then Mrs Bullfinch suddenly asked:

"Why don't you write a good detective story?"

Mrs Forrester burst out laughing. "Me?" she exclaimed. "What a wild idea! I could never hope to please the masses and I have never read a detective story in my life."

"It's not a bad idea at all," said Albert.

"I love a detective story," said Mrs Bullfinch, "Give me a lady in evening dress lying dead on the library floor and I know I'm going to enjoy it."

"Personally, I prefer a respectable gentleman with a gold watch chain, lying dead in Hyde Park," said Albert. "There's something particularly interesting to the reader in the murder of a respectable gentleman!"

"I see exactly what you mean," said Mrs Bullfinch. "He knew an important secret, and his murderers had said they would kill him unless he kept his mouth shut. He just didn't manage to run away from them."

"We can give you all the advice you need, my dear," said Albert, smiling kindly at Mrs Forrester. "I've read hundreds of detective stories."

"You!"

"That's what first brought Mrs Bullfinch and me together. I gave them to her when I'd finished them. And I must say you can't find two stories that are alike. There's always a difference when you compare them."

Mrs Forrester rose to her feet. "Now I see what a gulf separates us3," she said and her voice shook a little. "You've been surrounded for thirty years with all that was best in English literature and all this time you've been reading detective novels! I came here willing to come to a reasonable agreement and take you back home. Now I wish it no longer."

"Very well, my dear," said Albert. "But you think over the detective story."

Mrs Forrester walked downstairs, and when Mrs Bullfinch opened the door and asked if she would like to hire a taxi, she shook her head. "I shall take the tram."

"You needn't be afraid4 that I won't look after Mr Forrester properly, ma'am," said Mrs Bullfinch, seeing Mrs Forrester to the tram stop. "I know how to run a house and I'm not a bad cook, as you know. And of course, he'll have a hobby. He's going to collect postage stamps." Mrs Forrester was about to say something, but just then a tram pulled up at the stop and she got in.

Wondering what time it was, she looked up at the man sitting opposite her to see whether he was the kind of person she could ask and suddenly started; as sitting there was a respectable-looking gentleman5 wearing a gold watch chain. It was the very man6 Albert had described lying dead in Hyde Park. He asked the conductor to stop and she saw him go down a small, dark street. Why? Alp, why? At Hyde Park Corner she suddenly made up her mind to get out. She could not sit still any longer. She felt she must walk. As she passed the Achilles Statue she stopped for a minute and looked at it. Her heart was beating fast. After all Edgar Allan Poe had written detective stories ...

When she reached her flat at last and opened the door, she saw several hats in the hall. They were all there. She went into the drawing-room.

"Oh, you poor things, I've kept you waiting so long!" she cried out. "Have you had no tea?"

"Well," they said. "Well? Did you manage to get hold of him?"

"My dears, I've got something quite wonderful to tell you, I'm going to write a detective story."

They looked at her with open mouths.

"I'm going to raise the detective story to the level of art. It came to me suddenly in Hyde Park. It's a murder story and I shall call it 'The Achilles Statue'!"

"But what about Albert?" the young writer asked.

"Albert?" repeated Mrs Forrester. "I knew I went out to do something about Albert, but I've quite forgotten what it was."

"Then you haven't seen Albert?"

"My dear, I say I forgot all about him."

She gave a laugh. "Let Albert keep his cook. I can't bother about Albert now. I'm going to write a detective story."

"My dear, you're too, too wonderful!" the guests cried out.

^ The last leaf (by O. Henry)

At the top of an old brick house in New York two young painters Sue and Johnsy had their studio. They had met in a cheap restaurant and soon discovered that though their characters differed, their views on life and art were the same. Some time later they found a room that was suitable for a studio and began to live even more economically than before.

That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, went from place to place in the district where they lived, touching people here and there with his icy fingers. Mr Pneumonia was not what you would call a kind old gentleman. It was hardly fair of him to pick out a little woman like Johnsy who was obviously unfit to stand the strain of the suffering, but he did, and she lay on her narrow bed, with no strength to move, looking at the next brick house.

After examining Johnsy one morning the doctor called Sue out of the room and gave her a prescription, saying: "I don't want to frighten you, but at present she has one chance in, let us say, ten, and that chance is for her to want to live. But your little lady has made up her mind that she isn't going to get well, and if a patient loses interest in life, it takes away 50 per cent from the power of medicine. If you could somehow get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in hats, I would promise you a one-in-five chance for her."

After the doctor had gone, Sue went out into the hall and cried. As soon as she could manage to check her tears, she walked gaily back into the room, whistling a merry tune. Johnsy lay with her eyes towards the window. Thinking that Johnsy was asleep, Sue stopped whistling. She arranged her drawing board and began working. Soon she heard a low sound, several time repeated. She went quickly to the bedside. Johnsy's eyes were wide open. She was looking out of the window and counting — counting backward. "Twelve," she said, and a little later, "eleven;" then "ten" and "nine", and then "eight" and "seven" almost together.

Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old grape-vine climbed half way up the brick wall The cold autumn winds had blown off its leaves until it was almost bare.

"What is it, dear?" asked Sue.

"Six," said Johnsy almost in a whisper. "They're falling faster now, I can hardly keep up with them. There goes another one. There are only five left now."

"Five what, darling? Tell me."

"Leaves. On the grape-vine. When the last one goes, I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"

"How can the doctor have told me this nonsense?" Sue said, trying to control her voice. "He told me this morning your chances were ten to one. Anyhow, let me finish my drawing so that I can sell it and buy some port wine for you."

"You needn't buy any more wine," said Johnsy with her eyes still on the window. "There goes another. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too."

"Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her. "I must go and call Behrman to be my model. Will you promise me to keep your eyes closed and not look at those leaves until I come back? I'll be back in a minute."

"Tell me when I may open my eyes," Johnsy said, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I want to go sailing down like one of those poor tired leaves."

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor below them. He was past sixty and had been a painter for forty years, but he hadn't achieved anything in art. However, he wasn't disappointed, and hoped he would some day paint a masterpiece. Meantime he earned his living by doing various jobs, often serving as a model to those young painters who could not pay the price of a professional. He sincerely thought it his duty to protect the two girls upstairs.

Sue found Behrman in his poorly-lighted room and told him of Johnsy's fancy, and that she didn't know how to handle the situation.

"I can't keep her from looking at those leaves! I just can't!" she cried out. "And I can't draw the curtains in the daytime. I need the light for my work!"

"What!" the old man shouted. "Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into her head? No, I won't pose for you! Oh, that poor little Miss Johnsy!"

"Very well, Mr Behrman," Sue said, "If you don't want to pose for me, you needn't. I wish I hadn't asked you. But I think you're a nasty old — old — " And she walked towards the door with her chin in the air.

"Who said I wouldn't pose?" shouted Behrman. "I'm coming with you. This isn't a place for Miss Johnsy to be ill in! Some day I'll paint a masterpiece, and we'll all go away!"

Johnsy was asleep when they went upstairs. Sue and Behrman looked out of the window at the grape-vine. Then they looked at each other without speaking. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. They started working...

When Sue woke up next morning, she found Johnsy looking at the drawn curtains with wide-open eyes.

"Open the curtains; I want to see!" she commanded in a whisper.

Sue obeyed.

The rain was beating against the windows and a strong wind was blowing, but one leaf still stood out against the brick wall. It was the last on the vine. It hung bravely from a branch about twenty feet above the ground.

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lonely leaf on its branch against the wall. And then with the coming of the night the north wind blew again with greater force, and the rain still beat against the windows.

When it was light enough, Johnsy ordered Sue to open the curtains. The vine leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it and then said:

"I've been a bad girl, Sue. I wish I hadn't been so wicked. Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was when I wanted to die. You may bring me a little soup now and some milk with a little port wine in it, and — no, bring me a hand-mirror first and pack some pillows about me, I want to sit and watch you cook."

The doctor came in the afternoon and said Johnsy was out of danger. "And now I must see another patient downstairs," he added. "His name's Behrman — some kind of artist, I believe. He's a weak old man and there's obviously no hope for him."

Next day Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay and put one arm around her.

"I've something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "I got a note this morning. Mr Behrman died of pneumonia in hospital. He was only ill two days, so he didn't suffer long. The janitor found him in the morning of the first day in his room helpless with pain. His shoes and clothes were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night. And then they found a lantern still lighted, and a ladder that had been taken from its place, and some brushes lying here and there, and green and yellow paint, and — look out of the window, dear, at the last leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece — he painted it there the night the last leaf fell."

Blog

Тексты на английском языке

Содержание