Методическое пособие для студентов технических и гуманитарных специальностей высших учебных заведений Омск 2007

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Информация IV

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот

(сложное подлежащее)

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот – это сочетание подлежащего (существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже) с инфинитивом глагола, указывающим на действие данного подлежащего.

подлежащее

сказуемое

infinitive

Этот оборот узнают в предложении по сказуемому в страдательном залоге с последующим инфинитивом.

Не is known to work here.

They are said to test the equipment every year.

Такой оборот переводится дополнительным придаточным предложением с союзом "что". Перевод начинают со сказуемого (is known, are said), которое становится сказуемым главного предложения и переводится неопределенно-личной формой глагола (известно, говорят); подлежащее (he, they) становится подлежащим придаточного предложения, а инфинитив (to work, to test) - его сказуемым.

He is known to work here. – Известно, что он работает здесь.

Глаголы (в страдательном залоге), с которыми употребляется субъектный инфинитивный оборот:

is (are) said – говорят

is (are) known – известно

is (are) supposed – предполагают (полагают)

is (are) considered – -"-

is (are) assumed – -"-

is (are) believed – -"-

is (are) expected – ожидают

is (are) found – обнаружено

is (are) seen – видно

is (are) claimed – утверждают

is (are) reported – сообщают

19. Выделите глаголы-характеристики, которые помогают определить конструкцию "субъектный инфинитивный оборот"

Не is known to work at a laboratory.
These lamps are said to give economy.
Coal is considered to have been formed in the earth thousands of years ago.
He is supposed to be working at this report.
They were thought to graduate from the Institute.
The delegation was reported to come in 2 days.
The experiment is expected to be dangerous.
The lecture is found to be very interesting.

20. Определите предложения о субъектным инфинитивным оборотом

Не wanted me to translate this text.
She was said to be writing a letter.
The students are supposed to work in the laboratory.
We know gravity to act on every particle of a body.
We expect them to come tomorrow.
They are expected to come tomorrow.
I know her to have made that experiment.

21. Переведите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом. Отразите в переводе значение, передаваемое формой инфинитива

Iron is considered to be the most useful of metals.
We аre said to live in the age of atomic energy.
He is supposed to have studied well.
Volta is known to have invented the first electrical battery.
They are assumed to have explained the plan to you long ago.
The plan in expected to have been explained to you long ago.
The results are supposed to have been used in many experiments.
Coal is considered to have been formed in the earth thousands of years ago.
He is supposed to be working at this report.
These students are said to be translating the text in the 1ibrary.
The results were known to be used in many experiments.
The experiments are supposed to be made by him in the lab.
Cathode ray tubes were known to be employed to compare frequencies.

Информация V

Особый случай субъектного инфинитивного оборота

I. Несколько глаголов употребляются с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом в действительном залоге:

to seem – казатьcя

t

o appear – казатьcя

t

o prove – оказываться

to turn out – оказываться

to happen – случаться

This substance seems to possess useful properties. – Кажется, (что) это вещество обладает полезными свойствами. Не happened to be ill at that time. – Случилось, что он был болен в то время.

II. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот употребляется со словосочетаниями (глагол-связка to be + прилагательное).

to be likely – вероятно, возможно

to be unlikely – маловероятно

to be certain – несомненно, безусловно,

to be sure – конечно, наверняка.

Water is likely to be present on Mars. – Возможно, что на Марсе есть вода.

22. Найдите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом. Укажите признаки, помогающие его определить

We expect him to come tomorrow with his sister.
Yablochkov is known to be the inventor of the electric candle.
The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year.
The helium atom was found to have two electrons.
He observed the stars appear in the sky.
We know the ohm to be the standard unit of resistance.
The plant is sure to receive new machines.
The delegation is likely to come tomorrow.
The soil proved to be rich in minerals.
Lightning was proved to be a discharge of electricity.

23. Укажите на особенности субъектного инфинитивного оборота, в следующих предложениях. Переведите

This material is sure to help you in your work.
His experiment is certain to be successful.
The students are sure to know that law.
He is likely to pass all the exams.
They are unlikely to change their plan.

Обзорные упражнения

Инфинитив

Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив употребляется без частицы "to":

после модальных глаголов;
после глаголов to let и to make;
в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия: (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.);
после выражений: I would rather...

You had better...

24. Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо

1. I'd like ... dance. 2. She made me ... repeat my words several times. 3. I saw him ... enter the room. 4. She did not let her mother ... go away. 5. Do you like ... listen to good music? 6. Would you like ... listen to good music? 7. That funny scene made me ... laugh. 8. I like ... play the guitar. 9. My brother can ... speak French. 10. We had ... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 11. They wanted ... cross the river. 12. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 13. May I... use your telephone? 14. They heard the girl ... cry out with joy. 15. I would rather ... stay at home today. 16. He did not want ... play in the yard any more. 17. Would you like ... go to England? 18. You look tired. You had better ... go home. 19. I wanted ... speak to Nick, but could not ... find his telephone number. 20. It is time ... get up. 21. Let me ... help you with your homework. 22. I was planning ... do a lot of things yesterday. 23. I'd like ... speak to you. 24. I think I shall be able ... solve this problem. 25. What makes you ... think you are right? 26. I shall do all I can ... help you. 27. I like ... dance.

25. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами

E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with.

The boy had many toys to play with.

1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 3. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 4. Here is something which you can rub on your hands. It will soften them. 5. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 6. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 7. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 8. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. 9. I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday. 10. Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider. 11. The girl was quite young when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of. 12. I have no books which I can read. 13. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 14. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 15. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 16. There>
26. Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами

E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate.

He is too old to skate.

1. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 2. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 3. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 4. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. 5. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. 6. I have very little wool: it won't make a sweater. 7. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it. 8. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 9. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. 10. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 11. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you. 12. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. 13. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 14. He was so stupid that he did not see the joke.

27. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом

1. Для начала она открыла все окна. 2. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело. 3. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 4. Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего. 5. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 6. На этих детей приятно посмотреть. 7. Короче говоря, они поженились. 8. Самая известная книга Джерома – "Трое в лодке, не считая собаки." 9. Вам трудно угодить. 10. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлены. 11. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива. 12. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего. 13. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 14. Вашей сестре трудно угодить. 15. Начнем с того, что я занят. 16. На него было приятно смотреть. 17. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 18. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый счастливый день в ее жизни. 19. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего. 20. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.

28. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом

1. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 2. Им было нечего есть. 3. Кто виноват? 4. Короче говоря, он не сделал урок. 5. В нашей семье мама всегда встает первая. 6. На нее приятно смотреть. 7. Чтобы перевести эту статью, вы должны воспользоваться словарем. 8. Мне некуда ехать летом. 9. О том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи. 10. Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 11. Вчера Катя пришла в университет последней. 12. Чтобы получить хорошую оценку, вы должны упорно поработать. 13. С ней трудно иметь дело. 14. Что делать? 15. Начнем с того, что он болен. 16. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык. 17. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 18. Она была не виновата. 19. Ребенку не с кем играть. 20. Видеть значит верить. 21. Чтобы успеть на этот поезд, вы должны поторопиться. 22. Не может быть и речи о покупке машины в этом году. 23. Книга оставляет желать лучшего.

29. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive

1. То play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child did not like to be washed. 3. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your pronunciation you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the summer holidays. 8. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.

30. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive

1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 3. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 5. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to have met you. 7. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 8. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 9. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 10. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra. 11. Sorry not to have noticed you. 12. I am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 13. When Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra's company. 14. I remembered to have been moved1 by the scene I witnessed.

Формы инфинитива
	Active	Passive
Indefinite (Simple)	to write	to be written
Continuous	to be writing
Perfect	to have written	to have been written
Perfect Continuous	to have been writing

31. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами

E.g. He is sorry that he has said it.

He is sorry to have said it.

1. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your umbrella. 2. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can. 3. He was happy that he was praised by everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here. 7. I was afraid of going past that place alone. 8. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that. 9. We must wait till we hear the examination results. 10. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 11. I should be delighted if I could join you. 12. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.

32. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива

1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. We expect (to be) back in two days. 6. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 7. The children seem (to play) since morning. 8. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 9. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 10. I am sorry (to break) your pen. 11. I want (to take) you to the concert. 12. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 13. She hoped (to help) her friends. 14. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 15. I hope (to see) you soon.

33. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива

1. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 2. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 3. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 4. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 5. They seemed (to wait) for ages. 6. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 7. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 8. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 9. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 10. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 11. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 12. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 13. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 14. You seem (to look) for trouble. 15. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.

34. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива

1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 10. Он был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 11. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предполагал останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства. 15. Он не выносит, когда ему лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в какой-то книге. 17. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту интересную лекцию. 18. Она счастлива, что слышала концерт известного итальянского дирижера. 19. Она рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 20. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 21. Наши спортсмены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 22. Я только хочу, чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 23. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 24. Он был счастлив, что вернулся домой. 25. Он был счастлив, что снова дома. 26. Я сожалею, что прервал Вас. 27. Я сожалею, что не застала вас дома. 28. Джейн была счастлива, что уезжает от миссис Рид. 29. Рочестер был рад познакомиться с Джейн. 30. Рочестер был рад, что познакомился с Джейн.

THE PARTICIPLE

(ПРИЧАСТИЕ)

Информация I

В английской научно-технической литературе причастие и причастные обороты используются очень широко.

Blog

Методическое пособие для студентов технических и гуманитарных специальностей высших учебных заведений Омск 2007

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Информация IV