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Оценка качества урбанизированных территорий (на примере г. Павлодара) и прогнозирование экологической безопасности среды обитания 03. 00. 16 экология

Вид материалаАвтореферат
Shaimardanova Botagoz Khasymovna
Subject of research
Material and methods of research
Betula pendula
Practical value
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SUMMARY

Shaimardanova Botagoz Khasymovna


The evaluation of Quality of Pavlodar city Urboecosystem

and Environment Ecological Safety Forecasting


Thesis submitted for the Doctor of Biological Sciences’ degree


03.00.16 - Ecology


Subject of research: soil, plants, tissues and rodents organs, man’s blood and hair as the components of Pavlodar urban ecosystems in the north-eastern Kazakhstan.

Object of research: an evaluation of the chemical elements-pollutants transformation of ecosystems by modern bioindication methods, and development of the ecological safety model of the urban environment in condition of industrial burden (in example of Pavlodar city).

Material and methods of research: morphological, cytogenetic, geochemical, biogeochemical, statistical and GIS techniques.

Results of the work: toxic elements distribution pattern in the "soils-plants-animals-people" system is established by the methods of physicochemical analysis.

Accumulation of the investigated metals are presented in the geochemical series (Kc): in the soils (Pb30 > Cd20 > Zn15, 8 > Cu1, 7), in leaves of Betula pendula (Zn1, 9 = Cu1, 9> Cd1, 7> Pb1, 2) and Populus nigra (Cr21, 6> Sb8, two> Zn6, 7> Ba1, 7> Co1, 5> Sr1, 1), in organs and tissues of the Mus musculus (Cd7, 0> Cu2, two> Pb1, 8> Zn1, 4), and in human hair (Rb68, 0> Zn4, 3> Se2, 6> Hg2, 5).

Geochemical specifics of high toxic elements are revealed in the considered biosubstrates in the territory of Pavlodar city.

Inhibition of common trees species living condition (47.6%), increase of fluctuating leaves asymmetry (on the phenological and morphological indexes) up to Kc = 1,3-1,4, development pathology aggregating to a series of environmental sustainability – «Betula pendula > Populus nigra > Pinus sylvestris > Acer negundo > Ulmus pumila» are revealed.

An abnormal increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei (above 40/00) is found in the peripheral blood at 38,6% of inspected people, pollen abnormalities are found in herbal plants (Kc=15,3-18,6), indicating of a potential genetic hazard of pollutants environment.

Patterns of toxic elements spatial distribution and biological indicators of plants and animals in different environmental components are installed. In the studied urban ecosystem the north-east, the south-west and the west areas appeared to be the most threatened environmentally. Territorial association of children population disease is defined in conditions of technogenic burden: the western area (diseases of the central nervous system) > the north-eastern area (disease of the gastrointestinal tract, vision organs pathology; posture disturbance, scoliosis) > south-eastern area (disease of cardio - vascular system) > the south-western area (disease of the central nervous system) > the eastern area (disease of the gastrointestinal tract) > northwest area (respiratory diseases). The environmental quality of Pavlodar urban ecosystem is evaluated as the average degree of ecological trouble. Experimentally-tested model for assessing the environmental quality is proposed in order to forecast the environmental safety of the biota (and man).

Possible criteria for the accumulation of toxic elements in the system components "soil-plant-animal-man" are set. There were practical recommendations of the results usage of this research in the biological monitoring developed and implemented.

Practical value: primary chemical elements (toxicants) as indicator pollutants for Pavlodar urban ecosystems quality assessing are installed. Distribution maps of the elements in the composition with biological substances (plants, people) are made.

There were ecologically disadvantaged areas selected and recommended by Pavlodar environmental agencies for practical environment improvement organizing. Regional indicators of the elemental composition of poplar leaves and the children hair are proposed to assess the environment quality. The database including indexes of the 25 chemical elements contents in biosubstrates (plants, people) is created, which can be applied as reference values, not only in the investigated region, but in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole. Developed bioindicative methods complex lets use it for biogeochemical monitoring conducting.

Practical recommendations can be used by services of the Department of Ecology and surveillance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of this study are included as illustration - teaching materials in the lectures course and for conducting workshops on the following subjects' “Ecology and Sustainable Development”, “Ecological Biology”, “Ecotoxicology”, Geoecology”, Environmental geochemistry” and “Geoecological monitoring”.

Field of research: bioindication, urban ecosystems, heavy metals, environmental safety, ecotoxicology.


Подписано в печать 04. 10. 2010. Формат 29,7х42½. Бумага офсетная.

Гарнитура Times New Roman.

Объем 2 печ.л. Тираж 100 экз.

№0107


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Аркалыкского государственного педагогического

института им. Ы.Алтынсарина

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e-mail: Argpi@api.kz