Problems of race discrimination of the USA in the XX century
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ve: …those faces, good Christ! they were ugly! They were animals, they were no better than animals, what could be done with these people like that?. their houses were dark, with oil cloth or card-board in the windows, the smell was enough to make you puke your guts out and there they sat, laughing and talking and playing music like they didnt have a care in the world" (Baldwin, NA, 2510)then recollects when he was a child and his father took him to see a black man being tortured with fire to death. Jesses father is also the sheriff of the town. The black man that is tortured was apparently running away and was caught and found. His genitals were cut off while the white townspeople stood around watching this black man hanging from a tree, his hands chained above his head, tied to the tree. The black man was naked and a fire was set beneath him.
His hands were straight above his head; and he was a big man, a bigger man than his father, and as black as an African jungle cat, and naked…. The flames leapt up. He was lowered again; he was raised again. The head went back, the mouth wide open, blood bubbling from the mouth, the veins of the neck jumped out; The cry of all the people rose to answer the dying mans cry. He wanted death to come quickly. They wanted to make death wait…What did he do? What did the man do? What did he do? - wondered the boy, but he could not ask his father. (Baldwin, NA,2519) Both of his parents were watching this horrible and violent scene.Main themes of the story is racism and police brutality. The racial terrorism of America as he perceived it made its own grotesque stylistic statement. The Writers challenge was to maintain steady control in the face of atrocities that might otherwise disrupt the narratives ability to contain such events.the history we learned that between 1885 and 1910, about thirty-five hundred African Americans were lynched and when following the end of reconstruction, most southern states effectively disenfranchised African Americans.Ralph Ellison, he experienced many pressures to be more than just a writer, but he nevertheless produced artistically significant novels and stories. No black writer has been better able to imagine white experience, to speak in various tones of different kinds and behaviors of people or places other than his own. In its sensitivity to shades of discrimination and moral shape, and in its commitment-despite everything-to America, his voice was comparable in importance to that of any person of letters from recent decades, as tributes paid to him at his death agreed.these two works we came to an idea that, racial prejudice is still with us and is a universal phenomenon. But more than simple racial prejudice, leading to injustice, are demonstrated in these works. It is easy to say that the injustice occurs because of racial and class prejudice.is important to look past the obvious racial injustice. Racial injustice continues today in this country and around the world, as does religious injustice. But what is behind this injustice today, as it was in these stories, is a powerful cultural myth that must be maintained at any cost. The mind has to be perfectly capable of holding diametrically opposed viewpoints in order to protect that myth.
,duringwhichAfricans<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African>wereenslavedandtreatedasproperty<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property>.Priortotheinstitutionofslavery,earlyAfricanandnon-whiteimmigrantstotheColonieshadbeenregardedwithequalstatus,servingassharecroppers<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharecroppers>alongsidewhites.AftertheinstitutionofslaverythestatusofAfricanswasstigmatized,andthisstigmawasthebasisforthemorevirulentanti-Africanracismthatpersisteduntilthepresent.colonialAmerica,beforeslavery<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States>becamecompletelybasedonraciallines,thousandsofAfricanslavesservedEuropeancolonists,alongsideotherEuropeansservingatermofindenturedservitude<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servitude>.InsomecasesforAfricanslaves,atermofservicemeantfreedomandalandgrantafterward,butthesewererarelyawarded,andfewformerslavesbecamelandownersthisway.InaprecursortotheAmericanRevolution,NathanielBacon<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bacon_(colonist)>ledarevolt<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacons_Rebellion>in1676againsttheGovernorofVirginia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia>andthesystemofexploitationherepresented:exploitationofpoorercolonistsbytheincreasinglywealthylandownerswherepoorerpeople,regardlessofskincolor,foughtsidebyside.However,Bacondied,probablyofdysentery<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysentery>;hundredsofparticipantsintherevoltwereluredtodisarmbyapromisedamnesty<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty>;andtherevoltloststeam.wereprimarilyusedforagricultural<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture>labor,notablyintheproductionofcotton<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton>andtobacco<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco>.BlackslaveryintheNortheastwascommonuntiltheearly19thcentury,whenmanyNortheasternstatesabolishedslavery.Slaveswereusedasalaborforceinagriculturalproduction,shipyards,docks,andasdomesticservants.Inbothregions,onlythewealthiestAmericansownedslaves.Incontrast,poorwhitesrecognizedthatslaverydevaluedtheirownlabor.ThesocialriftalongcolorlinessoonbecameingrainedineveryaspectofcolonialAmericanculture.ApproximatelyoneSouthernfamilyinfourheldslavespriortowar.Accordingtothe1860U.S.census,therewereabout385,000slaveownersoutofapproximately1.5millionwhitefamilies.theearlypartofthe19thcentury,avarietyoforganizationswereestablishedadvocatingthemovementofblackpeoplefromtheUnitedStatestolocationswheretheywouldenjoygreaterfreedom;someendorsedcolonization<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony>,whileothersadvocatedemigration<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration>.Duringthe1820sand1830stheAmericanColonizationSociety<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society>(A.C.S.)wastheprimaryvehicleforproposalstoreturnblackAmericanstogreaterfreedomandequalityinAfrica,andin1821theA.C.S.establishedthecolonyofLiberia<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia>,assistingthousandsofformerAfrican-Americanslavesandfreeblackpeople(withlegislatedlimits)tomovetherefromtheUnitedStates.ThecolonizationeffortresultedfromamixtureofmotiveswithitsfounderHenryClay<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay>stating;"unconquerableprejudiceresultingfromtheircolor,theynevercouldamalgamatewiththefreewhitesofthiscountry.Itwasdesirable,therefore,asitrespectedthem,andtheresidueofthepopulationofthecountry,todrainthemoff".theConstitutionhadbannedtheimportationofnewAfricanslavesin1808,andin1820slavetradewasequatedwithpiracy,punishablebydeath,thepracticeofchattelslaverystillexistedforthenexthalfcentury.AllslavesinonlytheareasoftheConfederateStatesofAmerica<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America>thatwerenotunderdirectcontroloftheUnitedStatesgovernmentweredeclaredfreebytheEmancipationProclamation<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation>,whichwasissuedonJanuary1,1863byPresidentAbrahamLincoln<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln>.ItshouldbenotedthattheEmancipationProclamation<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation>didnotapplytoareasloyalto,orcontrolledby,theUnion,thusthedocumentonlyfreedslaveswheretheUnionstillhadnotregainedthelegitimacytodoso.SlaverywasnotactuallyabolishedintheUnitedStatesuntilthepassageofthe13thAmendment<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution>whichwasdeclaredratifiedonDecember6,1865.4millionblack<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American>slaves<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery>werefreedin1865.Ninety-fivepercentofblackslivedintheSouth,comprisingonethirdofthepopulationthereasopposedtoonepercentofthepopulationoftheNorth.Consequently,fearsofeventualemancipationweremuchgrea