Nature and value of the enterprise infrastructure
Информация - Иностранные языки
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ted cost of works which, in fact, be cost-structures in its provisions a particular object. Estimated construction cost - is expressed in monetary regulations (design) costs: Construction, purchase equipment, tools, equipment, design and exploration works; cover other costs associated with construction. All costs provided for in the estimates is worth toast of construction works, divided into: direct costs (basic salary construction cost of building materials, components, structures, you spending on operation of construction machines and mechanisms); overhead costs (costs for maintenance and construction management); planned savings (normative profit building organizations that set as a percentage of the sum of direct and Kladno costs). The task of putting into operation of fixed assets are defined as differences between this estimated cost of construction of objects that will be enacted in the planning period, and expenses that do not form a value of fixed assets. Specification of tasks plan of capital construction and these tasks to the agents by means of thou listings. Title list - is planning document, which set the terms of beginning and end of Construction option (expansion, rehabilitation) facilities, their capacity, total cost of construction, the construction and installation work, the annual size of the introduction of fixed assets called the contractors and the organizations that do the work and equipment suppliers. For such a scheme is planning major paint-operation and social facilities. The principal his personality is just that the planning of capital construction of social infrastructure by taking into account their so-called capacity (number of seats in the dining room, children's garden the number of daily visits to clinics etc.). The initial stage of capital construction is its design. Project as the final result of the design process is a complex document, which substantiates the technical feasibility and economic-to the integrity of construction (reconstruction) of a particular object. The process of usually specialized design organizations. It includes two successive stages: 1) the collection and preparation necessary to design materials; 2) directly figure rose revision of estimates and calculations. Typical contents of feasibility are: justify the demands for products (services) facility that provides build (expand, reconstruct); characteristics of specialization (destination) and the structure of the object, its design capacity (bandwidth); description of possible sources of the necessary categories of personnel, material and financial resources; choice of territorial location of the object (for construction of a new facility); the approximate calculation of the necessary investments and their socio-economic efficiency; Based on the approved feasibility study together with the customer project organization is a task for a technical project, which contains all the necessary design information, including: performance production (activities) and capital investment requirements for the use of scientific and technical and organizational progress and so on. The second stage - direct design. Depending on the size and complexity of the object is projected, this step can be performed in one or two stages. For large and complex objects design process includes two stages: 1) development of technical design, 2) the processing of working drawings. The composition of technical project includes several sections, the most important ones are: the economic part, the general plan and transportation, technological part of the construction, organization of construction work, estimates. Technical project together with the consolidated budget and financial accounts to be approved by the customer. He then becomes the basis for financing the construction (expansion, reconstruction) of the object, ordering equipment and processing of working drawings. By working drawings made directly carried out construction and installation work. For building, which is typical for projects or for small and technically simple design objects by a single stage - through the development of techno-business project, ie technical design with working drawings. Capital construction (expansion, reconstruction) of objects of any appointment can be made in two ways: contracting and commercial. Contracting method of construction - a work of permanent construction and assembly organizations (contractors) who perform work related to various customers under contract. In accordance with contract agreement contractor undertakes to do its own construction of the facility for the project in compliance with building codes. The customer must provide the contractor building site, approved project estimates, to ensure timely receipt of financing the construction and manufacturing equipment, and take the completed facility and fully pay the contractor for work done recently. To perform some complex operations contractor has the right to involve other specialized organizations for the subcontract. However, responsibility to the customer for quality and timely execution of all works is the main (general) contractor. [5, p. 294 - 257] Commercial construction method means the full range of works by the developer (enterprise, organization) on their own. In this case, the enterprise (organization) - developer acts as head of construction and the artist of construction works at the same time. To this end, it (she) creates during construction of the necessary apparatus and manufacturing capabilities, provides a temporary hiring of workers required and the involvement of the construction equipment.
CONCLUSIONS
of infrastructure significantly affects the economy of the enterprise. In modern terms in the maintenance of production in industrial enterprises operate from 40 to 50% of the industrial personnel. This is due not only relatively large amount of work to service primary production. Many support and service operations by their nature are difficult to mechanization and automation. Because of instability, irregularity and variety of these operations is difficult to plan, regulate and normalize. support typical single units and small-scale types of production with a significant amount of manual labor. Disintegration of support and service agencies and facilities, low level of specialization and centralization led to their backwardness in technology and work organization. Analysis of the economic activity of enterprises shows a significant gap in technical and organizational level between the main and auxiliary production. In support and service operations below the level of mechanization and automation, significantly higher share of manual labor that makes the infrastructure bottleneck in most domestic enterprises. of the main factors of production, which is part of the infrastructure of the enterprise is to ensure production of technological equipment and tool companies. Progress in the development of techniques and technologies of the main causes of changes need adequate industrial infrastructure businesses. Increased mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes increases the volume and complexity of the repair, maintenance and debugging facilities, provides a significant expansion of the range instrument, equipment and adaptations. The transition to new technologies and accelerating technological modes of the equipment increases the quality requirements and increases the need for different types of energy. Complications of production processes and the deepening of internal relations between units increases the volume of work in transportation. Constantly increasing the load on the communication network. This significantly increases the role and importance of industrial infrastructure businesses. In modern conditions to achieve high technical and economic indices of production is impossible without sustainable development as a major manufacturing and industrial and social infrastructure. Therefore, the organization of the system infrastructure, occupies an important place, but requires considerable practical base. In modern conditions to achieve high technical and economic indices of production is impossible without sustainable development as a major manufacturing and industrial and social infrastructure.
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