Nature and value of the enterprise infrastructure
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ern technological facilities and equipment, infrastructure management methods. The problem of professional personnel, but rather a problem of lack of professional logistics staff, really important for companies that have decided to build its operations, using logistic approach. This is due to the fact that in our country logistics are just beginning to develop, so most experts still do not understand some of the tasks of logistics functions and duties. The last of the problems, which should attract attention - a low level of enterprise information infrastructure, lack of integrated information center Continue entire logistics chain.
Chapter 3. PROBLEMS OF REPRODUCTION TASHLYAHIV INFRASTRUCTURE
3.1 Problems of industrial infrastructure in the Ukraine
In the modern system of industry, when no specialized enterprise maintenance companies are forced to develop its own set of shops, facilities and services for maintenance of basic industries. In the development of industrial infrastructure has certain disadvantages: - Fragmentation of support and service agencies; - Low level of specialization and concentration, the lag in technology and work organization; - Low level of mechanization and automation; - Low productivity and high costs of production, works and services. Progress in the development of techniques and technologies of the main causes of changes need adequate industrial infrastructure businesses. Increased mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes increases the volume and complexity of the repair, maintenance and debugging facilities, provides a significant expansion of the range instrument, equipment and adaptations. The transition to new technologies and accelerating technological modes of the equipment increases the quality requirements and increases the need for different types of energy. Complications of production processes and the deepening of internal relations between units increases the volume of work in transportation. This significantly increases the role and importance of industrial infrastructure businesses. However, in this context and problems of rational organization of production infrastructure. To achieve high economic performance of enterprises not rationally organize jobs, you need to adjust their maintenance and operation. All this directly affects the productivity and outcomes of the enterprise. In modern conditions to achieve high technical and economic indices of production is impossible without sustainable development as a major manufacturing and industrial infrastructure. Since the role of service units and services in the manufacturing process changes considerably under the influence of market factors and scientific and technical progress, for the rational organization of maintenance must anticipate and take into account the tendencies of their development. First, enterprise restructuring, which resulted in the formation of certain specialized industries, oriented individualized demand of their services. World practice of maintenance put into question the existence of service and support facilities directly to large industrial enterprises. Many of them against self-service operation and supporting industries put forward the following arguments: - Low level of mechanization and automation of work; - Weak base service units; - The worst possible use of progressive forms and methods of maintenance - Higher costs and worse quality of a performance-obsluhovuvalnyh auxiliary operations and production; - High proportion of auxiliary workers in comparison with world standards. Many companies are often the number of auxiliary workers reached 50% of the total amount. At the same time in the industrially-developed countries in words enterprises: - The number of auxiliary workers twice smaller: - Extreme fragmentation of service that leads to a significant gap between the mechanization of basic and auxiliary production; - Incomplete loading areas ancillary industries and insufficient use of their capacity, leading to disruption of functional activity of these units; - Dispersion of fixed and floating facilities, labor, affecting the growth of irrational costs. Thus, it is factors that are indicative of negative consequences operation maintenance directly in the industry. From this, the tendency to perform the functions of maintenance of specialized small businesses. For example. in the U.S. the vast majority of maintenance work carried out by specialized firms and many industrial enterprises not serving their farms. Second, there are changes in the structure of the maintenance, increase the technical level as the main production pours the contents of auxiliary works, pull them to the general level and increase their role in the production process. With the complication of processes expands the scope of work of auxiliary workers and robi complexity of maintenance. In the near future, substantially changed the role of support and service functions that will move into the category defining. It therefore requires changing the way the forms and methods of maintenance and encourage the emergence of new professions with versatile functions. Thus, the objective processes that result from scientific and technical progress and other factors could lead to the integration of basic and auxiliary, process where the organization of maintenance will be part of a single process of production and operation of the service will be linked with technology direct manufacturing of products based on a single integrated technology of the production process as a whole. For developing countries, as well as for Ukraine, in addition to purely technical perfection, no less and sometimes more important is the use of alternative infrastructure. Analysis of international experience points to the following principles of reform of infrastructure: - Organization of functioning infrastructure is not on administrative, and business principles, which increases its sensitivity to consumer demand; - The development of competition both directly through liberalization of access to activities that have no technological barriers, and indirectly through a competitive bidding for the exclusive right of service where there are other conditions of natural monopoly, and, finally, through liberalization of activities to provide alternative services ; - Providing users and other interested parties an opportunity to express their preferences, it is necessary to ensure accountability to the users and suppliers of other interest groups; - Organization of public and private sectors in financing infrastructure projects. In conclusion, we note that, despite the fact that the trend will dominate: whether to create a separate service industry based on specific homogeneous functions, or merger subsidiary and main processes and acquiring the status equivalent to the technological process of production, management efficiency factor of the criterion of minimum costs performance of maintenance. Since the transformation process in this respect, incomplete, current study is the current system of institutional infrastructure and improving the experience of its adaptation to the market economic environment.
3.2 Reproduction and development of enterprise infrastructure
Formation, restoration and development of industrial and infrastructure facilities are made in the capital building, which objectively consider the specific elements of infrastructure company. Capital construction - the process of creating new, reconstruction, expansion and technical upgrading of existing industrial enterprises and infrastructure facilities or other primary businesses. The sphere of capital construction include: 1) construction of buildings and production facilities (social) purposes; 2) installation of industrial and non-production equipment and other means of work and social activities; 3) Project and research and other preparatory work associated with the con-rudzhennyam new and reconstruction of operating production facilities and social purposes; 4) major renewable and repairs of buildings and structures you and social purposes. Planning of capital construction objects of industrial and social purposes has certain features. The basis of planning of capital construction of production facilities of the calculations the introduction of production capacities, fixed assets and the estimated cost of construction (reconstruction, expansion) of the corresponding objects. The main purpose and outcome of major building - the introduction of new production capacity. Its planning of the company are as follows. 1. Specified payments balance production capacity with a corresponding range of products. With this IU checked by that: the availability of production capacity at the beginning of the planned period, estimates of their use; terms of project development capacities of objects that were previously enacted. 2. Assesses the possibility of growth of production capacity at the expense of organizational and technical measures, technical renovation and reconstruction. 3. Determined amount necessary introduction of new products capacity by expanding existing production facilities or new construction. They are calculated as the difference between the planned increase in production of the products and the greatest possible increase capacity at existing production facilities due to their technical equipments and reconstruction. In the planning of capital construction is important to you not only the volume of the introduction of production potuzhnos Tay, but also costs connected therewith. This is necessary in order to justify the economic feasibility of construction (expansion, re construction), choose the best way of capital investment, promptly pay for completed construction work purchased equipment and more. For this purpose, determined estima